pc ^DAIRY PUN FOR BUILDING A SILO Illustration 8howa How liwide Shoot ing and Bovolod Lath and Ce ment Are Used. In response to a query for building a eilo 12x28, about 24 feet above ground, Hoard's Dairyman makes the following reply: One-half inch lumber will give fully as good, if not better, service than Inch lumber. The accompanying Illus tration shows how the inside sheeting and beveled lath and cement are used in a silo of this kind. The 2z4's may be set on the foundation 16 inches from center to center. We like the beveled lath as suggested In the draw ing, for it adds strength to the silo. K » End View. We know of some instances where common lath has been used, but it seems to ub better to use the lath made from one-half-inch material. The 2x4's will not need any sort of iron hoops. The inside sheeting and the beveled lath are strong enough to resist all lateral pressure. If inch lumber is UBed and lath as suggest ed, it would be well to put on the outside some wooden hoops three feet apart. These hoops may be nailed to the 2x4s. The capacity of the silo is sufficient for 15 milk cows. We believe that a silo 11 feet in diameter and 30 to 32 feet high would be almost better to construct, for it is necessary to re move about one and one-half to two Inches of silage per day, especially in summer, If it is to be kept in good condition. ROOT CROPS FOR DAIRY COW Make Valuable Addition to Winter Ra tions Because They Add to Va riety of Feed. No matter what some people tell you, turnips and other roots make fine milk producing feed. Turnips will not affect the flavor of milk if fed at the right time. If turnips are fed in large quanti ties and two or three hours before milking, they are likely to give the milk an unpleasant taste, but if fed directly after milking no flavor what ever will be noticed. A peck of turnips to each animal per day is sufficient in most caseB. A good plan 1b to feed directly after hay in the early morning, and once a day is often enough. A little salt scattered over the tutpips, which should be chopped in quarters or smaller, add to their palatability. Boots make very valuable addition to the winter ration because they add to the variety of the feed and no ani mal on the farm appreciates variety more than the dairy cow. tn Wisconsin, Iowa and other west ern dairy states the root crop is be coming a very Important part of the crop of the farm. CONVENIENT CART FOR MILK Two Buggy Wheels and Axle Ueed In It* Construction--Handy for Carrying Fertilizer. I saw a home-made cart, made from the two wheels and an old axle of a buggy, says a writer in the Rural New A Handy Milk Cart. Yorker. It was used to wheel three cans of milk and feed or fertilizers around farm or barn. The illustra tion shows how it wks made. Silo Is Money Maker. The dairy farmer who does not build a silo thinks he is justified in following his policy, but the longer he puts it off the less money he will make. > Good Separator. A good separator, when properly handled, should not leave more than .06 per cent, of fat in the skimmilk. This means that but 1 pound of fat i» laft to every 200 taken out. Avoid Germa. Tile first few squirts of milk drawn from the udder may have germs In them, as they might get into the Jucts. If you are very particular jiilk these on the ground before milk ing into the pall. Get Beat Cow. Like a dairy cow, the best way t6 get a high-class farm horse ia to mice him. BREEDING STOCK FOR DAIRY In Selecting Cattle Real Test Must Be Scales and Babcock Test--Con formation of Cow. Professor W. J. Kennedy of the Howa station recommends the follow ing in reference to the selection of breeding stock for the dairy: In selecting dairy cattle the real test must be the scales and the Babcock tester. The cow is a machine to con vert food into milk, thus she must have a large middle and a strong con stitution to insure the best results. She must also have a large udder, large milk wells, large crooked milk veins and good sized teats. Her head should be clean and angular in ap pearance, with the eyes standing out prominently. The neck should be rather long and lean in appearance. The shoulders pointed, and the back bone rather prominent. The skin shouldvbe loose and spft to the touch. In selecting herd bulls, either mature animals which have already demon strated their worth as sires, or younger animalB from high testing dams and sires only should be used. The best and surest results will always follow the use- of a mature sire which has sired heifers with good records. A good dairy bull should be kept until he is 12 or 15 years old, in fact as long as he Is a sure sire. Real good sires are so rare that when we do flnd one, he should die only of old age. All breeders of dairy cattle should secure yearly tests on each and every cow in the herd. Shorter tests do not really mean very much. It is the cow that stays by her Job that is reall" valuable. MILKING MACHINE IS HANDY Operation Performed by Compreaelon In Device Recently Invented by Wlsonein Man. The Scicntlflc American in descrl t> ing a milking machine, recently in vented by O. C. Sibilsky of Algoma, Wis., says: The invention pictured in the illus tration in actual use, provides a ma chine which will cause the milking operation to be performed by compres sion rather than by suction or strip ping; provided a device detachable so as to accommodate it for use in connection with different size cows or Milking Machine. those having different tlze udders; provides an actuator for the milker which is adjustable in acordance with the size of the teats; and provide a milking machine in which the com pression cups are formed and oper- ated so as to simulate the form and operation of a person's hand in hand milking. Keep Calves Well Bedded. The stomach of the little calf is very sensitive and easily ruined. Noth ing will do it quicker than keeping the animal confined in a wet, dirty peh. Clean the calf often and bed it with a liberal supply of dry straw oftener. It is no little labor to keep a stall where several calves run clean and dry, but there is no other way if you want to raiae good calves. Eternal vigilance is the price of everything good in the stock line. Making 8tables Comfortable. Stop the cracks and chinks in the stables. The horses and cows will not get cold outside if it isn't raining, but in the stable, with the wind blowing tn through some little hole, they will actually suffer. Get in a warm room and let the cold air from outside reach you through just one little opening if you don't believe it. Economy In Liberal Feeding. Economy on the farm, as well as in all other business, is admirable, but economy demands that you get every drop of butter fat possible from every cow. In other words, the great est economy comes from feeding the cow to her greatest capacity and hav ing a cow which will make the best use of her feed. DAffiYNOIB' Beef is high, but butter and cream are higher. Silage may be fed the day after the silo is filled. Thoughtful dairymen will keep up the milk flow this fall. Back of many a shortage in the dairy business is a poor sire. Separating cold milk means that some cream will remain in the skim milk. Dirty calf palls are one sign that the calves are not getting care enough. • If the hired man is careful with the cows a few of his faults may be over looked. To get rich milk 1b possible for the average farmer, but it must be through breeding. To get top prices for farm crops, try selling them to the dairy cow or the shoat. A good many cow stables resemble hotels. They have both "roomej-s" and "boarders." Shade, water and good grass are three essentials for profitable milk production. It is highly Important to feed pro ducing cowb some concentrated feeds In connection with pasturage and roughage. You are making your dairy cows now while the heifer calves are less than a year old. Be liberal with shsl- ter, liberal with all *rU of kindnets. GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING PEATY SWAMP SOILS IN ILLINOIS Corn on Peaty Swamp Land, Momence Field, 1903 Phosphorus on Left, Po tassium on Right. By C. G. HOPKINS, J. E. READHIM- ER, AND O. S. FISHER, ' Authors of Bulletin 157, Illinois Exper iment Station. Peaty swamp soils may well be sep arated arbitrarily into five fairly dis tinct classes: 1. Soils in which the very peaty material extends to a depth of three or four feet at least and often to much greater depths. 2. Soils with one to three feet of peaty material resting on deep sand. 3. Soils with one to three feet of peaty material resting on rock, usually witn some inches of sandy material between the two. 4. Soils with, six inches to three feet of peaty material resting on a clayey subsoil. 5. Soils with only a few inches of peaty material resting on sand. If the soli has one to three feet of very peaty material and this is under lain with a deep Bubsoil or with sand resting on rock, or if the peaty soil it self is very deep (3 or four feet or more), then the land is almost certain ly deficient in potassium, and the chief part of the potassium required j to produce crops must always be sup- I plied, either in the form of commer- j cial potassium salts or in farm ma nure, because of the simple fact that it cannot be furnished by either the Boil or subsoil in sufficient quantities for continuous large crops. As the one to three feet of peaty material is exceedingly rich in organic matter, and iB much richer in nitro gen, and usually somewhat better sup plied with phosphorus, than the most fertile, normal soils in the corn belt, that land is not in need of either of those elements, and probably it will be unnecessary to grow clover or to apply phosphorus on such soils for many years. Indeed, it seems alto gether likely that the most profitable system of farming for such soils is aim ost continuous corn, unless some rotation should become necessary be cause of corn insects. As farm ma nure cont%ins about as much nitrogen as potassium, and also some phosphor us, It is better farm practice to use farm mfcnure on sandy land, for ex ample, wfcich is very greatly In need of nltrogern and organic matter, than to use It on this peaty soil which needs only potassium. Ordinarily farm ma nure contains about eight pounds of potassium in a ton, and some of this is not ver? readily available, except ing in such kinds as horse manure which decompose quickly. If one has abundance of farm ma nure, and does not need to use it all on lighter soilB, of course it should be ap plied to the peaty soils rather than not be used at all; but under the ordinary farm conditions where the supply of farm manure Is very limited. It is good practice to purchase commer cial potassium for Buch peaty lands as need It As stated above, there are some peaty soils which are underlain with clay subsoils lying from six Inches to three feet below the surface. Such subsoils almost invariably contain an abundance of potassium. Some of these are the soils which will ultimate ly "farm out." to use a phrase local to the Kankakee swamp region, which means that with continued far ming the soil gradually improves un til it finally becomes a normally fer tile soil, even without any special treatment. The time requj^d for this improvement wlU depend upbn the con dition and method of management of the soil. The desired result is usual ly accomplished by getting some of the clayey subsoii with the more peaty top soil. Sometimes this can be done by deeper plowing; sometimes by tramping of live stock where the sub soil is near the surface. Some soils of this class are tempo rarily benefited very markedly by even light applications of potassium, either in farm manure (preferably horse ma nure) or in commercial form. Thia will furnish sufficient potassium to give the corn a start, and the corn roots will thus be enabled to grow sufficiently to reach the clayey sub- Boil which will then furnish an abund ance of potassium for a large crop. This may last for a year or two only, when It will be found necessary to VALUABLE POINTS FROM PIGEON LOFT (By WALTER B. LEUTZ > Pigeons in good health are char acterized by good plumage, clear eyes and inactivity. Keep a dish ofr equal parts of oyster shells, grit and charcoal where the birds can help themselves. Keep the pigeons tame. Allow no atrangers to enter the loft unless necessary, as all disturbances in "a way take from the profits. Whitewash the loft and fixtures often. It kills vermin and keeps the place sanitary. Too much of it can not be used.' Squab? should be In prime condi tion for market at the age of four weeks. Dispose of them as near this period as possible. Pigeons require frequent batha. If it is not possible to have one located permanently supply one three o£ four times weekly. New arrivals In the loft ahould be supply more potassium to the top soil; or, the one or two years' cropping and cultivation may result in compacting of the surface soil, the mixing of tfee clayey subsoil with the peaty top soil, or the bringing up of sufficient potas sium from the subsoil into the top soil by the roots of corn and weeds and the corn stalks (which, It should be remembered, are quite rich in potassium, and which are usually eith er burned or plowed under) so that no further application of potassium may be necessary. Thus the so-called "farming out" process may be hast ened very materially, and with decided profit on some soils, by applying potassium in some form, especially where the peaty top soiMs too deep to admit of reaching the clayey subsoil with the plow. In its original condition this type of peaty land (that Is, a peaty top soil underlain with a clay 6ubsoll) con tains an abundance of all of the ele ments of plant food; but the difficulty is that the nitrogen is nearly all in the top soil, while the potassium Is very largely in the subsoil (both soil and subsoil commonly contain enough phosphorus) and the chief problem with these particular soils is to bring these elements together in the top soil sufficient for the needs of the grow ing crop, especially during its earlier growth before its roots reach the low er stratum. Very satisfactory results have been obtained upon this particular kind of soil, in Ford county. III., simply by means of very deep plowing, as on Mr. S. K. Marston's farm in what is called the "Vermilion Swamp" in, northern Ford county. A careful ex amination was made by the experi ment station of land In this swamp some years ago. The soil produced very poor crops of corn, but the clayey subsoil was found to be within the reach of the plow, and it was then agreed with Marston that a trial of deep plowing Bhould be made, and the results have been very successful. There is still another kind of peaty swao.p land which must be mention ed. This is land whose soil consists of only a few Inches of peaty material, which Is underlain by sand to a depth of beveral feet We have found quite extensive areas of this type of soil es pecially in the southeastern part of Kankakee county. The sandy sub soil will usually furnish somewhat more available potassium than the peaty material, and the sand, being near the surface, becomes mixed with the peaty material by plowing and cul tivation, so that this soil may produce fair crops ior a few years. But after the rather email amount of organio matter becomes reduced by cultiva tion. this type of soil is but very little different from ordinary sand soil, which Is usually very poor in nitrogen and rather low in all the elements of plant food. If the sand contains some clay which is frequently the case. It will be better supplied with potassium than with the other elements. As a rule It Is deficient in available potas sium, and after a few years of crop ping, it alBO becomes deficient in ni trogen. BOSTON CHILD KEPT DIGNITY Matron Maant to Be Kindly, But Youngster Was Not Conversa tionally Inclined. This story has been going the rounds of Boston about the ten-year- old son of director Russell of the Boston opera house. One evening during an entr'acte at the opera house Master Rusesll was promenading alone in the foyer, in faultlessly evening dress--a very glass of fashion. A Boston matron, seeing that be was lonely, began to make her- aelf "agreeable." "You ar« Director Russell's little boy, aren't you?" she asked, with patronizing sweetness. Master Russell resented this intru sion on h-s dignity, but his courtly manners were unruffled. "Yes, madam," he replied, with an elabor ate bow. "Where were you born T" "In Frarce, madam"--slightly more frigid. "What ]<art?" continued the lady, feeling th<* conversation well Btarted. "All of me, madam." And he bowed and walked away.-- Judga GOOD DFSCRIPTION- tJ Teacher--Willie, what is a volcano? Willie--Why-er-er, it's like a fur nace full of Roman candles wid de door open. HANDS BURNING, ITCHING 905 Lowell Place, Chicago, 111.-- "The trouble began by my hands burn ing and itching and I rubbed and scratched them till one day I saw lit tle red so-es coming out My hands were disfigured and swollen, and trou bled me so that I could not sleep. They were cracked and when the small sorea broke a white matter would conm ouL I could not do any bard work; if I did the sores would come out worse. For two years no body could cure nra, qezema, until one day I thought I wo^j! try the Cutlcura Soap and Ointment. I used warm wa ter with the Cutlcura Soap and after that I put the Cutlcura Ointment on my hands twice a day for about five or six months when I was cured. (Signed) Sam Marcus, Nov. 28, 1911. Cutlcura' Soap and Ointment sold throughout the world. Sample of each free, with 32-p. Skin Book. Address post-card "Cutlcura, DepL L» Boston." Adv. Prevents Potatoes 8proutlng. A German publication gives a new method for keeping potatoes from sprouting by placing them on a layer of coke. Dr Schiller of Brunswick, who has published the method. Is of the opinion that the Improved ven tilation by means of coke is not alone responsible for the result, but believes that it is due to the oxidation of the coke, which, however, Is very slow. Coke always contains sulphur, and it is possible that the minute quantities of oxides of carbon and sulphur, which, results from the oxidation, mixing with the air and penetrating among the potatoes, are sufficient to retard sprouting Potatoes so treat ed are said to keep in good condi tion until the following July. Why He Wept. At a reception one night, says the Woman's Home Companion, a loud- voiced young man was invited to sing. Desultory applause followed, and he responded with a vociferous rendering of "My Old Kentucky Home." The hostess was pasning among her guests, beaming at the success of her enter tainment and sure that everybody was having a good time, when suddenly, to her surprise, she came upon a middle- aged man but slightly known to her, who was weeping silently, but bitterly in a secluded corner. Thinking that his heart had been touched by the old song, she asked sympathetically: "Why do you weep? Are you a Ken- tucklan ?" "No, madam," he replied. "I am a musician." Suicide Among German Children. Why do so many Oerman children commit suicide? No one seems to know, but there is no dispute about the fact, indeed it haB been said that the malority of suicides are those of children, and experts seem Inclined to connect the grisly epidemic with the educational system. That "the^weak must go to the wall" has become an axiom that has been extended to the schools, and the undeveloped mind of the child seeks relief in suicide from the discouragement of failure. It would be interesting to know if any of the so-called heathen countries of the world have ever experienced such a horrid "social phenomena as that of child suicide. Benefits of Separator. The introduction of ihe band sepa rator has, made it possible for the farmer to dispose of his cream at the highest market price and save the wife the weary work of caring for the milk, cream and churning. well dusted with Insect powder. Take no chances on filling the flock with vermin. Time for Laying. This generally accepted notion is one of the best proofs that poultry- men would rather get their facts from poultry papers than from poul try yards. Given proper treatment pullets will come to laying from Oc tober to February Just as they get old enough to lay, and the late hatch ed flocks will begin in December and January as certainly and regularly as the earlier ones will begin in October and November. Carrying Eggs on Electric Cars. A Washington poultry dealer haa made the ^discovery that it ia a dan gerous practice to carry egga intend ed for hatching on electric cars with out taking precautions to prevent the electric current from killing the germ. Experience has shown that where the receptacle is allowed to rest on the floor of the car 80 per cent, of the eggs are "killed." Moral: Carry thf basket on your lap. Boomerang. Mrs. Hiram Offen--I'm afraid you won't do. As nearly as 1 can make out, you have worked in six or seven places durtng the last year. Miss Brady--Well, an' how manny girls has yerself had in the same toime? No lesa, I'm thinkin'.--Boston Transcript. A CURB FOR PILES. Cole's Ctrbolisalve stops itchiiur and ,,.. fmi cures pile*. All druggists. 25 and SQc. Adv. A girl's idea of a tiresome man is one who has good sense. Mrs. Winslow's Boothlng Syrup for Children teething, softcos the gums, reduces Inflamma tion, allays pain,cures wind colic, tec a bottla-Afe, It may be all right for a man to have a past, if It will only stay past. in" '!tr ' -I - 4b. ,1 V • . y ' "Thank Duke's Mixture for Them1 tf Every member of your family will appre- Jy ci&te the many handsome, useful presents you u Mm get free with the coupons now packed in can <$! 41 Dak wturc is one of the biff favorite brands far both pipe and cigarettes. Men everywhere prefer it be cause of its true natural tobacco taste. Duke's Mixture is simply the choice leaves of fine Virginia and North Carolina bright leaf -- thoroughly aged, stemmed and crumbled. It's impossible to get a purer smoke or a more likeable one than this mild, rich, fragrant Liggett tyMyert Duke's Mixture. One and a half ounces of this choice granulated tobacco cost only 5c and with each sack you get a book of cigarette papers FREE. The Presents are FREE Tbey do not cost you one penny. I n each 5c sack o/ Jiggrit Myrr$ Duke's Mixture we now pack a free present coupon. With these coupons you can get any article described In our new ,illustrated catalogue of pres ents. As a special offer, good during December and January only, mm will giv& yoa this eat&h log absolutely FM-E& Simply send us yew ijaih® and address. fymfmr? fmm IHflKEfl MIM. 1'UMt be assorted i* 7:HOJR5K SHOE, J, T.„ TINSUEY'S NATURAL LEAF, GRANGER TWIST ««« from FOUR ROSES (IMtn dmbltom' j>on). PICK PLUG CUT, PIEDMONT CIGARETTES, CUX CIGARETTES,, &md 0th$r i'aI s >&md sssmM m Premium Dept. SMS ST.LOUB.MOw usuai Kino of Office Seeker* "Well, how's every little thing, no' that election is over?" asked \he n cently arrived washing machine agent " 'Bout as they are every place else, I reckon," a bit pessimistically replied the landlord of the Turgldtown taven "The banker, the storekeepers, anc lumber yard man, the doctor, the stoci buyer, the blacksmith, and all the res of the business men who have alway 'peared to be capable of managing their various sized affairs successfully, are going on calmly and carefully at tending to 'em. while all the triflin' one-gallused Incompetents that havt never had any affairs of their own tu attend to and wouldn't be capable of conducting 'em properly if they hac; any, are out hotfoot and hell-bent tt get and manage the post office for the rest of us!" ALBERTA A Bit Candid. First Tripper (after lengthy survey of second ditto)--You 'as got a hugl, face, 'asn't you, mate? Second Tripper--Corn't do nuffln abaht it First Tripper--You might 'ave stopped at 'ome.--Punch (London). Alwavs full quality value in LEWIS' Single binder. That is why the smoker wants it. Adv. No, Cordelia, a dancing academy Is not necessarily a hop joint. THE PRICE OF BEEF 181 HTOH AND M» IS THE FIUCE OF CATTLE. For ><«»rs the Prtwrlae® of Alliwta (Western Canada) was ".he Big Hitachi n«Oouiivrjr.Manr of these ran cliff uvdaj urs fcUiKonii4«jjr!»lafleldt ana the glvea piitoo the cultivation of wheat, oAts. barter and fitut; tbe change h&k made many thousands A.iieE-U-tUte, settled oh &St@se piaitu, -At-aLUiy. liol it Fmt io* v i vnsod the price of live sWiia. Them is splsnJM nppmiaalli BOW tO get* Free Homestead of 160 acree (aod another as & piv- 41(trt< eorgr BOOQ, ClKlB t-uiptiouV hi the newer districts a pi\xlo«-*« etiht-rcatUeorgrain. The crops are always tbe climate is excellent, seooola mkS churctiefc are conreuieat, markets Hpk>n<Jtd, In «ititer Mttuitoba, gas fcstcbewan or Alberta, Send for llt*>ratare>, tiae latest information, railway raUui,etc.,te •V v * ' S •1 ' w * • C ,s^ ' •V f-m CJJrt^lM.4I7«eittoffL£Y.! M. f. IteiaMs. 118 Mfefm Am., Dsfrait. €mt>s41aa «joverti)ueat'Asetit% or twi&resn S u porta t of Immismtlon, Ottaws,s«t« WmttMMB R,C*lcwuM»'Was!)> lngton, D.C. Booksfree. est i.-ef«csQcM, Buei raauite PATENTS W. N. U., CHICAGO, NO. 4S-1912. ] T hejCheerfuI^ Life It is the right of everyone to live and enjoy the cheerful Ufa. We m It to ourselves and those who live with us to live the cheerful life. cannot do bo if ill health takes hold of us. The wife, mother and daughter suffering from hot flashes, nervoii hi-- ̂ - kewlache, backaeh ̂d ra«rtf insr-dow n foeiuur, or any other weakness due to diiniJfS -08 irretrularitiec of the delicate ftxusi* organ*--is not only a burden to benaiC feet to hef lovwU unes. 3TUrsb m piwifr. Party ysais saqemrienoe has pcorsa wrmrisfihshtr tX DR. PIERCE'S yavorite "Prescription will tiestoi'C- hsailtfc to wejtk«ned womankind. For 40 y+arm it has survhraj , prejudice, envy and uwUeit Sold by dealers in medicine in liquid or tablet ftna ; ,Jjhr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription Tablets can Us had o£ drujrgist or mailed OB i receipt of one oant stauasi fos tl.00 or SOo siaa. AiMr-- B. V. Fieroi M. O* [ Buffalo,-N. Y. fir. Pierce's Pkasant PeUeta regulate sad tarlgoralB | ilfl--itvcr maA bowels, Smarwostod, ttaj Shipping Fever InflueiiiHt, phikovci. w'biootlc, distemper and all Base end ttraaft illbeases curetl, stnil all others, no matter how "exposed." kept from having any of these diseases with SFOHX'S LiyilO "IV TEMPElt Ct IU4. Three to six doses oftfin cure a ease. Oue 50- etut bottle guaranteed to do so. Best thing' for brood mares. Acts on the blood. 5Go and $1 a bottle. H sad flladosws bottles. Druggists and harness shops. Distributors -- WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS. IntL. C. 8. A» 8POHN mCDIGAIi OO, Chemists ssd Bsctsriologiiti, Goahs FOLEY KIDNEY RILLS For Backache, Rheumatism, Kidneys and Bladder nrsismtfcr ™KV xighest in ourativk qualities HtCAli.Sr OONTAin mo HABIT FORM I NO OHUOS Vkwnwut. ARE SAM. SUHi, AND 3AVK YOU MOfetv For Sale Black Indiana lantf la N* iaskl Go. SWscms wltkiat- un>*cuifuv». !«>a. mcivft* ix-r -w,*v- A.;-** _• |sa«^,«iir«r Fort ABu., IWV. AJ.W; WXKR, Ofj.HK 1 A till VTK, IMiiMA fcll HI i I 3 ciit" ITS WORTH YOUR WHILE -TO GIVE IT A TRIAL m