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•^j ITHENBt PLAINDEALER, BTHEKBT, lli. <-b*y*t'} •"}***» •2 '",- ,4 ^ ̂ -f ' ' 1 <V * ' VA~ } , ; • îf-:r,-r'}£\£vU.; •:&U.'^Yj & t*$ f&C:̂ ^w.'::--ftvwt-viv;^ lis .a THE MAKING Of A CITIZEN (Osr u/yd&rhdod &*dJMa*wcca, /f K 'V-H "^ '."A-- PHOTON BY MRKtS BHr/AfG J&415 JOJ&C |N the bureau of naturalization of the department of labor one of the greatest, most extensive and potential pieces of constructive administrative work has boen go­ ing on for almost a decade with­ out attracting any particular at­ tention on the part of the general public. This work has its founda­ tion in the very vitals of the national fabric and consists in the work of making citizens out of the raw material, of the resident foreigner who has been coming to this country from all of the nations of Europe ever since its discovery, and in vast and Increasing numbers during the past three genera-- tions. The making of a citizen, in so far as the require­ ments of the law are concerned, is no difficult mat­ ter, but to make a citizen in spirit, sympathy, and loyalty, one imbued with all of the essentials of love of country, is a vastly different matter. For over a century the nation quietly and persistently slept upon this most important duty and per­ mitted anyone, even the most unscrupulous, to vio­ late the naturalization laws and to add hundreds of thousands annually to the enjoyment of the priv­ ileges of the franchise, the holding of office, and all of the other rights, held in ancient Rome to be sacred to the natural-born citizen. Congress, however, was aroused by the report of the commissioners of naturalization, appointed by the president, and on June 29, 1906, passed the current naturalization law. By this law, all of the cotirts, both state and federal, and the officials of these courts, in their ministerial relationship, were placed under the supervision of the United States government. This administrative authority rests with the bureau of naturalization of the depart­ ment of labor. With the creation of thiB federal control, all of the lawlessness ceased, except fn sporadic cases which arise because of the ignorance of some particular candidate for citizenship, his in­ born fear of the government and the law, which make him the prey of the unprincipled, willing to win a few dollars by quick rather than honest methods. Almost two and one-half million foreigners have asked for citizenship during the first eight and three-fourths ^4ars of federal supervision of the naturalization law. Almost one and three-quarters million of these have declared their intention, or taken out their first papers. Something over three-quarters of a million have asked for final papers, and, of these, about 650,000 have been ad­ mitted to citizenship during that time. During the same time, there have been upwards of 85,000 foreigners who have been refused ad­ mission to citizenship. Over one-half of these have been denied because of mental and moral unfitness. The bureau has kept a close supervi­ sion over this phase of its work and as early as . 1907, through its activities, the public mind was directed to the necessity for providing some ^ means to enable these unfortunate candidates from the vast foreign populace not only t<^ ac­ complish the act of admission to citizenship, but to equip them better to carry on the daily fight for their livelihood. For it is among these that the fight for their existence is carried on under the most adverse circumstances. While the above figures indicate a large num­ ber among the foreign element of this country coming forward for citizenship, the number does not appear relatively very large when it is known that in 1910 there were nearly 14,000,000 foreign­ ers in this country, that, of this number 9,000,000 were not citizens, and that the foreign body has been increased nearly 1,000,000 annually since then. By far the larger portion of the foreign residents of this country have retained their al­ legiance to the sovereignty of their birth. Re­ cent reports in the public press have shown many of these are ready to respond to the be­ hest of these sovereignties. It is well known th&t large numbers returned Immediately upon the call of the country of their nativity, leaving the ties, personal, family, industrial, and others which have grown up in this country, for the stronger call of allegiance to the foreign sov­ ereignty. This was tHe case prior to the great war of Europe, in the lesser wars among the Bal­ kan states. Many have, gone back to the old countries who have declared their intention. Some of these afterwards returned to this country and presented themselves before the courts of citizen-^ *hip for admission. Judges of the naturalization courts have held that such absence from this country in the armies and fighting under their native allegiance broke the continuity of resi­ dence for naturalization purposes, and denied their applications. Among the approximately tt,000,000 foreign alien residents, 1,650,361 are classed as illiterate. These illiterates are the natural prey of the de­ signing and scheming foreigners and natives, as well, at every tuni. They compel them to paj* tribute, both in cash and blood, for i^very service both real and imagined, and in the gratification of their desires, however unscrupulous or un­ natural. For years this conditions has been studied by the bureau of naturalization in its application to J&J+A5 2SJ, juy£> - 35=* the administration of the naturalization law. It is safe to state that although 85,000 foreigners have been refused citizenship because of mental and moral unfitness, at least that many have been admitted to citizenship, in spite of these defi­ ciencies, during the period of federal supervision. The courts have been reluctant to refuse citizen­ ship to a candidate, even though he be ignorant of our institutions or of the privileges conferred upon him. Especially is this so where there are ..no facilities offered by the" cities and towns where th»i petitioners live for overcoming these defects. In many places the public schools have, under th»; inspiration of the bureau of naturalization, op3ned their doors to the foreigner and have taught him the duties of American citizenship and, in these places, the courts have readily re­ sponded to the new order of things and refused citizenship unless the candidate could come up to the higher standard which has been brought about by the federal supervision. This system the bureau has tried out for vpars and with suc­ cess in various localities throughout yie country. There is scarcely a state in the wKj^e country that does not now have citizenship cfasses car­ ried m either by the public schools or under the direction of private agencies. In many localities where there are hundreds, and indeed thousands, of citizens admitted an­ nually, no cognizance had been given this im­ portant proceeding by the general public, muni­ cipal officialdom, public school or other authori­ ties until brought to their attention by the repre­ sentatives of the bureau Denaturalization. This was so evident that the bureau, through its offi­ cers, brought to the attention of the mayor of the city of Philadelphia, last winter, the fact that about 4,000 petitions for naturalization vould be heard during the spring months and, as % result of this, approximately S.500 new citizens would be made at that time in the persons of the candi­ dates and their wives and children, born abroad. This resulted in the first reception extended by any municipality in the United States to its citi­ zens of foreign birth. This reception was but one of the activities of the bureau of naturalization to bring to the atten­ tion of the entire nation this most vital activity of citizenship. In the pre&p of the day preceding the reception, there was published throughout the United States announcement of the nation­ wide movement for the education of the resident alien body through the candidates for ritizenship. Heretofore the activities of the schools have been directed almost wholly to the candidate for final papers, while the foreigner possessing his first papers, or who has just declared his inten­ tion to become a citizen at some future time, has been largely neglected. The bureau has recog­ nized, however, that tfyere has been a constant and steady, though silent, appeal coming annually from the hearts of hundreds of thousands .of for­ eigners holding first papers, for relief, help, and assistance to the attainment of their hopes and desires in this country. The law permits an alien to declare his inten­ tion who is an illiterate. In from two years to five he is eligible to petition for naturalization. During that period, while the United States holds the candidate to be on probation, t has done nothing heretofore to help his claim except in a very meager way. The bureau of naturalization has been the only governmental agency which has extended to him the helping hand. It has now arranged and perfected plans for the help­ ing hand to be extended to the nearly half a mil­ lion foreigners who each year ask for citizenship. During the last year over 335,000 foreigners declared their intention and petitioned for natural­ ization. This is the high-water mark since fed­ eral supervision. The federal census records for the United States show that the foreign popula- HbT/gAMA/Y I'KPJ? Of IPjriZGRlWT tion 18 many times greater than the number who come forward for citizenship. In many states the pr<«|ortion of candidates for citizen­ ship to the entire for­ eign-born white popula­ tion is at the lowest pos­ sible ebb. In no state does it exceed 50 per cent, while in sortie states it is as low as 2 per cent. This is true of the number of for­ eigners who take out their first papers and those who become citi­ zens. In some states there are more foreign­ ers living outside of the large cities than in them, and yet the largest num­ ber of candidates for citizenship are found among those living in thv? cities. In many parts of the country there have been more candidates admitted to citizenship in given localities than is rep/esented by the entire number of registered voters. In many places they represent a majority of those of voting age. A goodly percentage of the candidates for first pa­ pers come from the early arriving immigrants. Many who are admitted to citizenship are unable to inscribe their names in the English language but do so in foreign characters unintelligible to the American born. Many who are admitted to citizenship have only the most meager ability to speak our tongue and have but slight ability to comprehend it. Some of the school authorities have agreed to furnish descriptive matter printed in various tongues for further facilitating the foreigner in the selection of a school. Where the conditions justify it, school authorities have signified their willingness not only to open the night schools for foreigners, but special day schools for the for­ eigners whose vocations require them to work during the night. The bureau expects to prevail upon many of the school authorities to open srhools for the education of the foreigners where none have been established. As illustrative of the enthusiasm with which the co-operation of the school authorities is being offered, enn superintendent of schools in one of the great metropolitan centers has stated: "You will find the board of education and school officials ready to do everything within their power to make this splendid movement, au­ thorized by your bureau, a success in this com­ munity, and we assure you in advance that we will be very glad to co-operate with your field officers to the limit of our ability. We are en­ thusiastic over the plan which you propose and hope that the work that will be done in this city the cominpr year will be such as to meet with your hearty approval." Others, expressive of a like interest, have been received. All have agreed to give their heartiest endeavors towards the realization of the desires of the bureau of naturalization and to get the chambers of commerce and other civic organiza­ tions and the press behind the movement locally so as to arouse public sentiment and start the wheels into operation to secure the appropriation of the necessary funds for opening the public schools or extending their activities where they have been open to foreigners. Others have volun­ teered to give to the bureau of naturalization the information it desires so as to enable it to show annually the number of foreigners responding to the appeals of the bureau and the school authori­ ties to attend the public schools: 'The number of illiteu»tes: the number who have entered the pub­ lic schools before taking out their first papers; the number who are naturalized, citizens before entering upon the public schools; the number of males; the number of females; those having ability only to speak their native tongue; those able to read in their native language; those able to write their native language; and such other information as will enable the bureau to picture graphically the practical results in the annual reports of the bureau of naturalization and the department of labor and other channels of pub­ licity. Individuals interested in social work, patriotic and other public activities hav'e also most en­ couragingly expressed their willingness to co-op­ erate towards the advancement of the work of the bureau in every possible way. TRIBUTE TO A SPORTSMAN. Are there any fish in this stream?" "There was yesterday," replied the country boy. "But since you've been walkin' up an' down with that fancy fishin' outfit I should be surprised if they had all jumped fur the ri*er an' hid." HIS MILLION-DOLLAR SALARY The Story of Charles M. Schwab's Big s - INqr From Carnegie, as It n/" Really Was. The report In a western paper that Charles M. Schwab received a million dollars salary as head of the United States Steel corporation needs correc­ tion. Mr. Schwab did receive the largest ; ealary ever paijt! outside the domain of tjjEuropean kings and emperors, but it . ' "'Z 's* ' was not paid bj the United States -ySteel corporation. % On the contrary, Mr. Schwab's con­ tract with Mr. Carnegie called for so large a sum as to be a stumbling block h» the organization of the United States Steel corporation. Mr. Schwab thereupon promptly cancelled it and headed the United States Steel cor­ poration at a far less salary and just as Mr. Morgan wished. A few days later Mr. Morgan explained to Mr Carnegie how nicely Mr. Schwab had acted. Mr. Carcagie wan Hfe would never consent that Mr. Schwab should not have the full amount Mr. Carnegie had by contract guaranteed him. The next day Mr. Schwab was Equal­ ly astonished to receive from Mr. Car­ negie a check for several millions In settlement for his full guaranteed sal­ ary during the life of his contract. . That contract called for an annual payment in salary and profit-sharing guaranteed to be not less than one million dollars a"" year.--Wall Street Journal* M." Growth of Building and Loan Plan. According to reports by building and loan associations of this country, these institutions Increased their as­ sets last year more than $100,000,000, making a growth of nearly 9 per cent over the previous year. There are In the United States 6,612 building and loan associations, with a membership of 3,103,435 and assets aggregating $1,357,340,036. This is an; increase over last year of 183 assocla-' tions, 267,002 memLers and $108,860,- 897 in assets. JCALLED POET SPOILED CHILD feayerd Taylor's Opinions of Swin- (flrtirtie Makes Some Rather In­ teresting Reading. ' > - >* -- •-- In all important respects except one I found him to be very much what i Anticipated, writes Laura Stedman in the North American Review, quoting Bayard Taylor's impression of Swin­ burne. The exception is instead of be­ ing a prematurely blase young man of the world, he is rather a willful, per­ verse, unreasonable, spoiled child. His nature is still that of the young Shel­ ley, and my great fear is that it will never be otherwise. He needs the influence of a nature stronger than his in everything but the imaginative faculty--such a nature as Byron's was to Sh'elley. . . f He has a weak moral sense, but his of­ fenses arise from a colossal unbal­ anced affectation. This, or something like it, is a disorganizing element in his nature which quite obscures the organizing--that is artistic--sense. What I admire in him--yet admire with a feeling of pain.;--is the mad, un restrained preponderance of the imagi­ nation. It is a godlike quality, but he sometimes uses it like a devil. He greatly interests my Intellect but does not touch me magnetically. He could have no power over me, but on the contrary I felt that I should be able to influence him In a short time. I had a letter from him the other day which shows thaOhe feels an intellectual relationship between us. Now, this is not a question of relative poetic power, but of a certain diversity of qualities, and I don't mean to be egotistic in saying that I might perform somewhat of the same service for him as Byron for Shelley. I feel that (if it is not already too late) I could help Lim to some degree of poise, of system, of law; in short, art. In this sense he moves my deepest sympathy, for I see# now the matter that might be molded into a splendid poet relapsing Into formless condi­ tions. It is sad. it is tragic, and if this fancy of mine be foolish, there it is, nevertheless. Without this sense of giving assistance a week alone with Swinburne would be intolerable to me or any other human being. Frappe. John planning heard a humorous story that ran like this: "If Jack Johnson, Charlie Chaplin and Billy Sunday were walking down the street, what would that suggest to you?" "Chocolate nut sundae, of course." John went home, and he thought his had a regular dinner joke, waited un­ til a favorable time and pulled it in this manner: "If Billy Johnson, De Wolf Hopper and ^illy Sunday were walking down the street, what would you have?" And John looked all around to see whether there had been anyone who had heard the joke before, but the faces over the soup were blank. "Well," said his father expectantly. "Frappe," said John, and burst out into a spasm of unrestrained mirth. But he stopped suddenly, for there was not a smile around the table, and it really didn't sound as funny as 't did the first time.--Indianapolis News. Work of Japanese Girls. For Japan's coronation ceremony of taishosal next November 27 pretty young women have been assisting in transplanting the young emerald rice plants in the sacred fields of the Mikawa province. Half way to their knees in water, they toiled daily, like their lees privileged sisters, at the work. Bending down, they laid the tiny shoots In place, and rising, sang sacred Shinto songs, .for the rice grains of the rare festival must be perfect in shape and color--true seed pearls of the \fcay of the Gods. The girls are from sixteen to twenty- one years old. 6f these things the papers took note. The photographers snapped them In their coming and do­ ing and going. Not only from the neighborhood but from afar have coipe Insistent marriage proposals, and all but one are said to be en­ gaged and are to be married the day of the coronation. Narcotic Cactus. The "sacred mushroom" of the Az­ tecs, which was called by them teo- naniacatl and used as an intoxicant was according to investigations recently reported, not a mushroom, but the nar­ cotic cactus. Lophopliora Wllliamsil. now well known for its use by the American Indians in religious ceremo­ nies. It is popularly called "mescal button," though a better name is pey- ote. Early writers on Mexico de­ scribed it as a mushroom, and this no­ tion as to its botanical status still sur­ vives. The mistake is due to the fact that in one of the two principal forms in which it is prepared the head of the plant is cut off transversely and when dried it bears a close resemblance to a mushroom. In its other form it is cut longitudinally or in irregular frag­ ments, and was described by early writers as raiz diabollca. or "devil's root." QvotcL _ \ Op&utfum& For years we have been stating in the newspapers of the country that a great many women have escaped serious op­ erations by taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com­ pound, and it is true. We are permitted to publish in this announcement extracts from the letters of five women. "Albhave been recently received unsolicited. Could any evidence be more convincing? IIIODGDON, M*.--"I had pains in both sides and snch a soreness • I could scarcely straighten tip at times. My back ached and I •was so nervous I could not sleep, and I thought I never would ho jntl ' " • • • ;W n ' - ^ Jl any better until I oubraittrd to an operation, but I commenced taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and soon felt Kfrft a new •woman."--Mrs. HATVTARD SOVTERS, llodgdon, Me. ' 2SHKLBTVTLLE, KY.--"I suffered from a severe female trouble. • My right side hurt me badly -- it was finally decided that I must be operated upon. "When my husband learned this he got a bottle of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound for me, and after taking it a few days I got better and continued to improve until I am now welL"--Mrs. MOLLIS SMITH, R.F.D., Shelbyville, Ky. 3 IIANOVEB, PA.--M The doctor advised a severe operation, but MJF • husband got me Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and! experienced great relief in a short time. Kow I feel like a new person non rl r\ o o »w1 <•> rr'o TtfArlr OflH Tlrtf T*iinrl if W \fw« ATXI and can do a hard day's work and not nind it."--Mrs. ATIA 803 Walnut St, Ilanover, Pa. 4I)ECATTTt? III.--WI was sick in bed and three of the best physt • cians saia I would have to be taken to the hospital for an oper­ ation as I had something growing in mv left side. I refused to sub­ mit to the operation and took Lydia L. Pinkham's Vegetable Com­ pound--and it worked a miracle in my case, and I tell other women what it has done for me."--Mrs. LAURA A. GBISWOLD, 2437 East William Street, Decatur, I1L 5 CLEVELAND, Onio. --w I was very irregular and for several yean • my side pained me so that I expected to have to undergo i erat ion. Doctors said they knew of nothing that would help me. I took Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege- table Compound and I became regular and free from pain. I am thankful for such a good medi­ cine and will always give it the highest praise."-- Mrs. C. II. GRIFFITH, 1568 Constant St., Cleveland, O. •I m WiHtA to LYDIA E.PINKHAM MEDICINE CO. (CONFIDENTIAL) LYNN, MASS., for advice. Your letter will be opened, read, and answered by a woman and held in strict confidence* an op* m -m YARB D0CTAH WAS TO BLAME Second Miataka That Medical Adviser of Negress Had on Record Against Him. Guy Hoerner, South Philadelphia apothecary, was urbanely dispensing a postal card to a "flapper" when an Amazonian negress in a calico wrap­ per of morning-glory pattern entered and bulked herself against th^ coun­ ter. "I wants a 'description' filled foh half-a-dozen five-ounce quinine pills." she announced. "Why, woman, that pill would par­ alyze an ox; what's the matter with you?" asked the astonished chemist 'Nothin' de matter wif me," she answered. "It's foh mah daughter, and she's some heft. Gladys, she takes aftah me. Mah husband's bench-kneed and insignificant." "But, quinine comes in grains, not ounces." "Well." was the scornful rejoinder, "it's jest another mistake of dat fool yarb doctah. Last yeah, when she had only a misery in her stomach he got her to swallow a spoonful of bird shot; said her lights was riz and she had to weight 'em down." Cold Douche. President Wilson tells of a #amo«« Princeton professor who supplied tbs pulpit one Sunday in the hamlet at Penn'B Neck. He preached his> finest sermon and thrilled the congregation in the little country church as it had never been thrilled before. At the close of the gervlce he was feeling particularly well satisfied with himself when til* leading elder approached and ask«4 him: "Well, doctor, what's the damattf* n ;\«i if On an Island. "Where can I buy a souvenir post­ card?" "You can't buy one on this island. This Island belongs to a man who pos­ itively won't allow 'em to be sold." "Hum," said the summer visitor. "I see I am going to like this place even more than 1 expected."--Louis­ ville Courier-Journal. IT SLUGS HARD. Coffee i Sure and Powerful Bruiser. Lucky for Billy. The girl that Brown married was beautiful, musical, and all that sort of thing, but she was not strong on friz­ zling beef and mashing potatoes. How­ ever, she questioned the neighbor la­ dies and did her best. "Billy, dear," remarked the young bride as hubby returned at the usual hour. "I have made some lovely pies for supper. I was going to have sponge cake, too, but my plans were upset." , "That's too bad" responded Billy, looking like a real disappointment. "What was the trouble?" "It was all the drug­ gist's fault," was the surprising re­ joinder of wifey. "He forgot to send around the sponges." His Sphere of Activity. "1 don't know what business is the right one for my son. He is so change­ able." "Then why not let him Into tfee weather bureau." His Feat. "Tour friend had quite an acrobatic promotion." "How's that?" "Went up over a lot of otbsr pie's beads." Let your eoitee slave be denied his cup at its appointed time! Headache- sick stomach--fati&ue. I know it all in myself, aud have seen it in others. Strange that thinking, reasoning be­ ings will persist in its use," says a To- peka man. He says further that he did not be­ gin drinking coffee until he was twen­ ty years old, and that slowly it began to poison him, and affect his hearing through his nervous system. "Finally, I quit coffee and the condi­ tions slowly disappeared, but one cold morning the smell of my wife's coffee was too much for me and 1 took a cup. Soon I was drinking my regular allowance, tearing down brain and nerves by the daily dose of the nefa­ rious beverage. "Later, I found my breath coming hard, had frequent fits of nausea, and then I was taken down with bilious fever. "Common sense came to me, and 1 quit coffee for good and went back to Postum. 1 at once began to gain and have had no returns of my bilious symptoms, headache, dizziness or ver­ tigo. MI now have health, bright thoughts, and added weight, where be­ fore there was Invalidism and the blues. "My brother quit coffee because of its effect on his health and now uses Postum. He could not stand the nerv­ ous strain while using coffee, but keeps well on Postum." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Postum comes in two forms: Postum Cereal--the original form-- must be well boiled. 16c and ?5c pack­ ages. Instant Postum--a soluble powder-- dissolves quickly in a cup of hot wa­ ter, and with cream and sugar, makes a delicious beverage instantly. 30c and 50c tins. Both kinds are equally delicious and cost about tlie same per cup. ^ ~ "There's a Season" for Postuia. --sold by Grocera. His Mild Request. "My dear," he b^gan mildly. "Well?".she snapped. "I don't mind your borrowing my Panama hat. But when you return tt please remove the veil and the hat* pins. I don't care to wear such equip­ ment downtown again."--Louisville Courier-J ournal. The traffic over the four Bast rtesr bridges in New York approximates 721.000 tons every day. OH! MY BACK A stubborn b&ckache is cause to sos- pect kidney trouble. When the kid- neys are inflamed and swollen, stoop­ ing brings a sharp twinge in the small of the Daek, th*t almost th# breath away. Soon there may be other symptoms; scanty, painful or too frs- quent urination, headaches, dizziness, or rheumatic pains. Don't wait for these troubles to become serious--use Doan's Kidney Pills at once. YouH find no better-recommended remedy. An Illinois Case Mrs. T. Laugh- lin. Pittsfleld. 111 . • says: "I suffered terribly from back­ ache and rheumatic pains. I went to the hospital, but even there I didn't get permanent re­ lief. My whole system b « c a ne run down. In a short time after I used Doan's Kid­ ney pills, the pain:. were relieved and I was no longer , troubled by rheumatism. I CSBT DS too grateful for this cure." C*t Dou'itt Aw Stoi#, SOeaBss DOAN'S FOSTER-MILB URN CO, BUFFALO. N. Y. •M Your Liver Is Clogged Up That's Why You're Tired--Out rf . --Have No Appetite. CARTER'S LITTLE. LIVER PILLS will put you right in a few days. They di their duty. Cure Con­ stipation, Biliousness, Indigestion and Sick HeadadM SMALL PILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICK Genuine must bear Signature DON'T CUT OUT A Shoe Boil,Capped' Hock or Bursitis FOR -1-113 spr ^ CARTERS ITTLE PILLS. will reduce them and leave no bleii.ijtafc Stops Lunene: : promptly. Does not bJb> ter or remove the nair, and hor*c can be worked. $2 a bottle delivered. Book 6 M ffWk ABSORB1NE, JR., to* •nfctivt. tx uoMgtfS Unimcnt tot Boil*. Br mm. SOIOL Svrtiioga, VarimcVttah Allay* P&:a tod ladaou&stioa. Price SI ux4 a A druggiu or dciitcFtw. WiU tail you MM H yuu Mb F.YOUNfi. P.O. F- SMTmsISSt,Ssttlseisin MM* W. N. U„ CHICAGO, NO. & • m ,dl: