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A DEADLY PARALLEL nounces resumption of work. Nations* Tube Works at McKeesport, Pa., an- uoupce increase of wages. Union Iron1 and'"Steel Co., Youngstown, O., resume work after a long, shut-down. * Pennsyl­ vania Railroad shops at A1 toon a increase schedule to ten hours. Washington Pa., Steel and Tin Plate Co. doubles working capacity. „ Birmingham, Ala., Railroad shops extend schedule to ten hours. Law­ rence, Mass., Hosiery Mill "resumes, 2,000 hands. Car works at Michigan City, Ind., increasg schedule to twelve hours, with two years' work engaged, 1.500 hands. Week ending Sept. 18, 1897.--Cor<i»ge, mills at Isaia. O., purchased for $500,000, to be reopened at once after several years of idleness. East Lake Woolen Mills, Bridgeton, Pa., resume after three years' idleness. Wend Paper Mill, Malone, N. Y„ resumes after two years" idleness. Large advance in wages of coal miners and conclusion of coal strike1. A. B. CARSON. MENACED BY DROUGHT. from Lack of Rain. . J Nearly the entire central and western portions of the United States are suffer­ ing from the long-continued drought. Danger and hardship exist in many of the sections where np/rain has fallen recent­ ly, and the result is great fear among the people. Had not the crops matured be­ fore the dry spell they* would have been scorched and ruined. And even now fire threatens the fields and pastures on the prairies of Illinois and other Western States. In many instances the conditions have become such that there is actually severe suffering aniong the population. Farmers on both sides of the Missouri river are compelled to haul water many miles. Wells have become dry and men and ani­ mals must quench their thirst. The only rain that has fallen has been insufficient to affect the parched ground or to bring water into wells which have become dry or at least low. Instead of the fall rains, which would soften the ground for plow­ ing, there is fair weather and an unusual .and dangerous dryness. . One of the greatest dangers connected with this condition throughout the coun­ try is that of fire. Not only in northern Wisconsin, covered by timber land, is there; fear of destructive tires, but in Illinois arid adjoining States every farmer whose acres are traversed by a railroad or are' near to any railway line is con­ stantly afraid his corn fields may be set afire by sparks from a passing locomo­ tive. The dried-up pastures all over the prairie land are in the same danger, and tlie least carelessness may result in enor­ mous destruction and even loss of life. As for the lack of water, it is daily be­ coming greater, and farmers do not know what they will do with their stock when present sources of supply give out, which will not be long if there is no precipita­ tion of moisture soon. There is no State where these conditions do not exist. Kan­ sas, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana all are included in the belt where there is nothing but dust and the parched remains of harvest fields and pas­ tures where animals grazed a month ago. In Illinois, Indiana and Iowa there is the worst suffering, according to the reports received from all the cities, towns and hamlets in the country districts of these three States. In Illinois and Iowa, where so large a portion of the crop is corn and corn fields cover every county and line every rail­ way, the most fear of prairie fires exists. It is only the absence of a strong wind which has so far prevented them, for any small spark might kindle one which could spread over a large area. The farmers have exercised the greatest care during the last two weeks to prevent small blazes spreading. But the fire danger and the suffering from want of water in some districts is not the only result of the drought. Nearly all pasturage has been made absolutely barren. At this time, when horses and cows usually are outside before the ap­ proach of the cold weather, they must be fed on hay. They have torn up even the roots in pastures in their endeavor to get grass, and dust has taker the place of verdure. ( CLEVELANDISM AND M'KINLEY- ISM CONTRASTED. BRIEF COMPILATION OF ILLI NOIS NEWS. The forty-fourth annual Illinois State fair opened at Springfield with 25,000 peo­ ple present. It was children's day, and the grounds were free to all under 15 years of age. The fair was nearer com­ plete in all its departments than ever be­ fore on an opening day. The agricultural exhibits from the several counties of the State were unusually attractive and oc-, cupied a major portion of the outside wall space, on the floor and in the gallery of the Dome buildiqg. Hancock County had a fine exhibit. Ste­ phenson and McIIenry came near the front in the extenf and artistic arrange­ ment of their products; Morgan, Chris­ tian, Sangamon and Macon made a large Conditions During First Two Months of McKinley Protective Tariff Some­ what Different from Corresponding Sixty Days of Cleveland Free Trade. A Jealous Husband's Reven'ge--United Brethren Conference Kxpe/Ied Two Pastors-The Oldest Mason-A Man Killed by an Electric Shock. Europe's Splendid Hiehwnya. To the advocates of good roads the progress made in Europe is full of en­ couragement. It was about 1820 before Macadam was able to arouse Scotch and English sentiment in favors sof his project. He had no army of wheelmen at .his back to encourage him and to compel the public to listen, but whet- ever a mile of macadam road was built the sharp contrast between it and the wretched roads about it compelled pub­ lic attention and approval. Telford, the Scotch engineer, turned aside from h i s g r e a t e n g i n e e r i n g p r o j e c t s a n d g a T e - f j | | the movement his powerful support. In less than 50 years the gospel of "good roads was spread not only throughout Great Britain, but through all the set­ tled districts on the. continent. Now good roads of the macadam or telford ; ; type are everywhere, writes ,C. mm Dickinson in Home Magazine. Every day in the year the peasant farmer of Europe can haul to market as heavy a load as he can draw across his thrashing floor. He makes one trip instead of two or three. There is no mud, no stone working up to the sur­ face. His beast, of burden ambles along easily instead of the fret and strain from stone and rut and wabbling wagon and would doubtless sing his master's praise if he had the power of speech given to the beast ridden tgr Balaam. * • , Nor is the good roads movement in Europe confined to highways that are strictly necessary. It is as contagious as measles. The governments are tak­ ing it up and building expensive roads, which must be largely for the special delight of tourists. A splendid road has just been finished from Sorrento, Italy, to Snierno, fully 30 miles. Ex­ cept for a few inconsiderable villages it runs along the rocky and uninhabit­ able coast of the gulf of Salerno, and much of the road is cut through the al­ most perpendicular limestone cliffs that rise from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the sea. In many places there are long tunnels through the rock, and in oth­ ers the mark of the blasting drill where the rock has been torn from the faee of the cliff is to be seen fully 50 feet above the road. ^ This is one of the most stupendous specimens of modern road-building in Europe, but something hardly less diffi­ cult and expensive is the road now fa* course of construction by the Swiss government from the Rhone glacier over the Grimsel pass to the Jake of Brienz. The road is already completed from Meininigen to Handegg falls, per­ haps 15 miles--as fine and dltficult a specimen of macadam as can be found anywhere--and from Handegg to Rhone glacier hundreds of men are at work cutting their way through the rock, over barren summits which are always in or above the clouds whenever clouds are in the sky. With the object lessons in road-build­ ing which Europe presents, wiiy sho-ild riot public sentiment in this country be appealed to through every medium in favor of good roads? What Europe has done in the last century America may; do in the next. The obstacles of cost and "magnificent distances" will look less formidable as we approach them. In the state of New York alone, out­ side of, villages and cities, more than $3,000,000 is expended annually in the so-called repair and construction of roads. The most of this immense sum is thrown away. Expended under the direction of competent engineers, it would build from 000 to S00 miles of the best macadam pavement. Two Administrations. Special Washington correspondence: The close of the first s^xty days of the operations of the new tariff law and the business improvements which are visible in every direction during that time have suggested a comparison of the conditions during the two months in question with those Of the corre­ sponding date in the first year of the > Cleveland administration, during which time the,free trade Congress elected with President Cleveland was just be­ ginning its attack upon the protective system which the Dingley law six'ty days ago re-established. The two periods from July 24 to Sept. 24 in the years 1893 and 1897, respect­ ively, present a marked contrast as to • business conditions, and it is .possible, to obtain from Government, records some data bearing upon this subject and now especially interesting. Sixty 'Days of Cleveland-Wilsoni'sm. The following data gathered largely from otfiical reports presents a picture of the sixty-day period of the year 1893 with which the two months just ended correspond, both as to the portion of the year and the period of the Presi- The Shooting at Hogansville. It was very thoughtless on the part of those Georgia Democrats to bring about that little "affair" in which a colored Re­ publican was shot from ambush because he was an office holder, without consult­ ing the Ohio Democrats. It has placed the latter in a, very awkward position, for they hoped to get the support of a large element of colored Democrats of. that State on local issues this time, but, of course, this Georgia instance absolutely destroys that prospect. "Will Not Be Pooled. While Mr. Bryan is traveling about the country trying to revive the free silver corpse the fanners of Nebraska are re­ joicing over the beat crops they have had for years and are paying off the mort­ gages which Bryan said last year never could be paid without free silver. The Nebraska wheat crop this year is cstiinat- EXPOSiTIOX HALL. sliownig for the "corn belt,"' and south­ ern Illinois took the lead in the "quality and variety of ffuits of the garden and orchard. The favorable season enabled the fruit growers to compete as never'be- fore, and their exhibit took rank with the floral display-as one of the finest and most carefully selected and arranged ever seeii at the State fair. • The State of Nebraska had a very large and attractive display of agricultural and horticultural products, the sugar beet in­ dustry receiving particular attention. An interesting exhibit from a scientific stand­ point was that made by the .University of Illinois, exemplifying the biological and agricultural experiment stations. In con­ nection with the former were several aquaria filled with almost every species of aquatic animal life except fishes. The bacteriological display iucluded a full set of specimens of the different living organ­ isms found in cows' milk. The agricul­ tural machinery filled not only machinery hall but several acres of tents and open space on the east side of the grounds. In exposition hall every foot of space was taken, and the art gallery was also crowd­ ed. The arrangements for handling the crowds were excellent, and the police re­ port no disturbance. This department SOME RESULTS OF PROTECTION CAPITA; iSAWyvi LABOR IS EMPLOYED dential administration and also prox­ imity to tariff legislation. Week ending J*uly 24, 1893.--Failure of Bozeman, Mont., National Bank. Four Denver banks closed their doors. Bank suspensions in other Western cities. Two bank failures in Milwaukee and runs on numerous other banks. Commercial Bank of Denver fails, capital $250,000. Bank failures at Vernon, Tex., and Knox- ville, Tenn., capital $200,000. Failure of Tacoma, Wash., National Bank, capital $200,000; also failures of banks at Great Falls, Mont., and Orlando, Fla., capital $200,000. Suspension of work in manu­ factories reported from all sections. Week ending Aug. 1, 1893.--National banks at Manchester, N. H., and Indian­ apolis, Ind., fail, capital $500,000. Fail­ ure of First National Bank at Spokane, Wash., capital $250,000. Ten banks sus­ pend in one day (July 27), capital $2,- 000,000. Bank failures in South Dakota, Montana, Illinois. Kansas, Texas, Wash­ ington, New Hampshire, and correspond­ ingly large number of business suspen­ sions. ,v • Week ending Aug. 8, 1893.--Collapse of Chicago Provision Deal and many fail­ ures of commission houses. Failure of National Bank of El Paso, Tex. Failure of National Bank of San Antonio, Tex. Failure of National Bank of Muncie, Ind. Fifty-third Congress meets in special ses­ sion to begin its destruction of the Mc­ Kinley law. Week ending Aug. 28, 1S93.--Encounter between tbe anarchists and socialists averted by New York police. Meeting of anarchists broken up by New York po­ lice. Failure of national bank at Hind- man, Pa. Failure of national bank at Tacoma, Wash. Suspension of manufac­ turing establishments in numerous States. Announcement by Comptroller of the Cur­ rency that 155 national banks and 500 private banks had failed during the year ending Aug. 28. Railroad receivers ap­ pointed during August for Northern Pa-" cific, Philadelphia and Reading, New England, and Pittsburg, Akron and West­ ern. September.--Railroad receivers appoint­ ed for Wisconsin Central, Chicago, Pe- pria and St. Louis, Cleveland, Canton and Southern, and Evansville and Torre Haute railroads. The mileage of roads placed in the hands of receivers during tbe year 1893 was 25,375, nearly one-seventh of all the lines in the United States, and their indebtedness $1,212,217,033. Dur­ ing the year there were 10,115 mercantile suspensions, involving liabilities amount­ ing to $340,779,8S9. During the bank- suspensions of July, loans were made on call at the N. Y. Stock Exchange as high as 72 per cent. Sixty Days of McKinley-Dinglcyism. The following statements of revival of manufacturing industries during the sixty days following the enactment of the Ding- ley law, the period corresponding with the similar dates in the first year of Cleve­ land's second term, show the contest be­ tween present conditions and those of tlie corresponding months of the preceding ad­ ministration. The statements which fol­ low are from Bradstreet's Financial Jour­ nal: Week ending July 24, 1897.--Twenty thousand workmen resume work in the iron and steel industries. Bigelow Car­ pet Co., at Clinton, Mass., resume work, 900 hands. Packer Colliery at Rappahan­ nock, Pa., resumes work, 1,000 hands. Columbus, O., Buggy Co., resumes, 400 men. C., B. & Q. Co. reports full com-, plement of hands at work in its railroad shops for first time in several y<?ars. Chat­ tanooga Tradesmen announces large num­ ber of iron furnaces in South resuming work. McKeiina Steel Works, Joliet, 111., resume, 400 hands. Spinners at silk mill, Paterson, N. J., receive increase iu wages from 5 to 20 per cent. Pittsburg Plate Glass Co., Koliomo, Ind.. resumes, 800 hands. Jones & Laughliu Iron Works,' Pittsburg, resume, 3,500 hands. Mtiine Central Railroad increases wages ef employes. Week ending July 31, 1897.--Tod fur­ naces, Youngstown, O., resume work. Numbers of manufacturing concerns in Connecticut and Pennsylvania resume Work. Furnaces at Birmingham and Bes­ semer, Ala., resume work. Algonquin woolen mills, Passaic, N. J., increase wages 10 to 15 per cent. Atchison Rail­ way Co. announces inability to supply new cars to meet demands of shippers. Week ending Aug. 7, 1897.--Ensign Car Manufacturing Co., Huntington, W. Va„ resumes work. Cleveland, O., rolling mills resume, 2,000 hands. Sugar pro­ ducers of Louisiana advance wages 10 per cent. Cotton mills at Lancaster, Pa., re­ sume, 1,000 hands. American Watch Co., Walthato, • Mass,, resumes in all depart­ ments. Iron works at Mahoning and Leb­ anon, Ohio, and Birmingham, Ala,, re­ sume. " Week ending Aug. 28, 1S97.--Fall Riv­ er Iron Works resume on full-time. 2,700 hands. Fall River Printing Go. resumes on full time. Columbus, Hocking Valley R- R. shops increase from half time to 10-hour- schedule. Illinois Steel Co. an­ FACTORIES VL A R E V" BUSY. FOOT CKIDQK AND TOULTUV BUILDING. was under the supervision of Lieut. Perry of the Chicago police force, who had thir­ ty-five picked men from the metropolitan force and twenty-five from the other cities of the State. Tuesday was fraternity day, when all the orders held informal re­ unions on the grounds. Wednesday was old soldiers' duy, and many came to at­ tend the annual reunion of the Illinois regiments held at the state house. A good race program was arranged for every day in the week, culminating in the great race between Joe Patchen and Star Pointer on Friday. The races were exciting, the track'fast and the time iu some instances sensational. State Items. At Galesburg, while going home, L. McGary, a potter, was struck by a train and cut to pieces. William Goldsworthy, a creamery op­ erator at Moline, made an assignment. Liabilities, $5,241.80. R. W. Petty, who mysteriously disap­ peared from Chicago, is in Philadelphia at the home of his father. Henry Keeley, 38 years old, was killed by the ears at Moline. Keeley resided at Port Byron, 111., but was employed in Moline. . Miss Nellie Misliler, the 20-year-old daughter of a prominent family at Free- port, ended her life with a dose of strych­ nine. About half of the village of Annapolis was destroyed by fire. The loss is esti­ mated at $20,000, with insurance at about 25 per cent. St. James' Methodist Church, Chicago, raised $00,000 at the dedication services of its new church. This makes the new edifice free from debt. \ At the Garvin Bros.' coal mine at Paris, James Garvin, one of the partners, made a misstep and fell 130 feet to the bottom of the shaft and was killed. Gov. Tanner has appointed R. W. Mc- Claugliry, warden of the Joliet peniten­ tiary, a delegate to the national prison, congress, at Austin, Texas. The war ship Yantic has been assigned to the naval reserves at Chicago and will be brought there from Boston at once. Stripped of guns to conform to treaty, the ship will be taken by the St. Lawrenco and floated through the locks on a pon­ toon structure. The buildings of the incurable insane asylum, five miles south of Peoria, may have to be torn down and rebuilt. Re­ cently one corner of the main building set­ tled, and the commissioners deemed it best to have the buildings and surround­ ings examined by experts. There is a coal mine under the asylum grounds and it is the cause of the alarm. The experts would not state the result of their inves­ tigation. Good work by the Waukegan fire de­ partment stopped a threatening blaze in the Dietmeyer block, a large three-story frame store building. Damage of about $3,000 by fire and water resulted to the building and contents, partly covered by insurance. The building, valued at $10,- 000, is owned by the Lumberman's Build­ ing and Loan Association of Chicago. The principal tenants damaged are S. G. Dun- baugh, furniture store; Otto Wallins, sa­ loon, and the Lake County Dental Infirm­ ary. The principal business portion of Sum- merfield was destroyed by fire. The losses are: Henry Bauschens, residence, $1,000, iulsurance $700; A. Daiylis. drug store and dwelling, $1,500, insurance $500 in the Phoenix of Brooklyn; John Adams, gen­ eral merchandise, $2,800, no insurance; George Griesbaum, saloon and residence, $2,000, no insurance; F. Ernest, general merchandise, $2,000, insurance $1,500 in Hartford; Mrs. Ivrihbiel, shop building, $300, no insurance. The fire originated from a defective flue. The bill of particulars in the $5,000 damage suit of N. K. Lillibridge against Mrs. Chandler Starr, former president of the Mendelssohn Club and prominent in social and musical circles at Rockford, has been filed in the Circuit Court. Lilli­ bridge, who was the piano tuner of the Mendelssohn Club, alleges in his bill that Mrs. Starr charged him at a club meet­ ing with having "doctored" a piano on which she was to play a solo at a recital because of enmity for her, and also with having insulted lier young women music pupils. Lillibridge was discharged as the tuner of the club, and alleges that the charges preferred against him nearly ruin1 ed his business. HAPPY. PUBLIC DEBT IS INCREASING. Treasury Statement Shows an Addi­ tion of Nearly $4,000,000." The monthly treasury statement shows that at. the close of business Sept. 30, 1897, the public debt, less ca^h in the treasury, was $1,012,122,713, an increase since Aug. 30 of $3,787,592. This increase is accounted for by a corresponding de­ crease in the amount of cash on hand. The debt is recapitulated as follows: Interest-bearing debt $847,305,540 Debt on which interest has ceased since maturity....' 1,334,570 Debt bearing no interest.. 378,015,390 IS ACTIVE Total $1,227,315,500 This amount, however, does not include $589,070,953 in certificates and treasury notes outstanding, which are offset by an equal amount of cash in the treasury. The cash in the treasury is classified as follows: Gold $184,561,664 Silver 513,481,747 Paper 133,611,339 Bonds, disbursing officers' balances, «tc 18,713,880 od at 30,000.000 bushels. If the farmers had sold this quantity of wheat on Aug. 19, 1890, at the top quotation for Sep­ tember delivery, they would have received $16,575,000 in gold or its equivalent, with which they could have bought, at that time, 24,862,500 ounces of silver. The same crop sold on Aug. 19. 1897, at the top price for September delivery would have brought $26,962,500 in gold or its equivalent, which would have purchased 50,780,000 ounces of silver. With such facts as these before them the Nebraska farmers will not be fooled again by Mr. Bryan. Wonderfully Improved. "While the newspaper stories have been somewhat exaggerated, it is an absolute fact that the Western farm­ er's financial condition is wonderfully improved. During the past three years he practiced such economy that with a slight improvement of wheat prices last fall and fair values of cattle, sheep, and hogs, the thrifty farmer gradually reduced his debts. With good prices this fall, lie is indeed paying off the mortgage. The fall in the interest rate is as remarkable as the other features of the rising tide."--American Agricul­ turist. Brief Political Comment. Is there a "famine" in raw hides? There has been an increase of over thirty per cent, iu the price of that article sinep the framing of the Ding- ley law. Those dreary and depressing state­ ments showing the enormous number of business failures all over the coun­ try during the four years of the Cleve­ land administration are rapidly disap­ pearing. The business failures during the second week of the present Septem­ ber were only 109, while those of the corresponding week of 1893 were 346, and they range iu that vicinity during .the corresponding week in each year of the Cleveland term. The contrast between the gold sur­ plus since the new administration came in and that during the Cleveland administration is very remarkable. Mr. Cleveland was compelled to sell hun­ dreds of millions of dollars' worth of bonds to keep up the "reserve," while the Treasury Department has just noti­ fied the Subtreasurer of New York thai it has all the gold it needs and that he need not make auy effort whatever to add to the accumulation. The Ohio Democrats who are run­ ning away , from their silver platform have plenty of company now. Chair­ man Jones has recommended, to tlie New York Democrats that they drop silver, and Senator Gorman is also en­ gaged in the delightful occupation in his State of advising Maryland Demo­ crats to perform the same act. The proposition to make something out of nothing was too thoroughly tested last year io make it a safe one this. Total $850,368,631 Against this there are demand liabilities outstanding amounting to $035,175,844, which leaves a net cash balance in the treasury of $215,192,787. Colored Murderer Is Captured. The police of Spring Valley captured the murderer of Mike Yicilli. who was re­ cently killed at Ladd. The name of the murderer is Martel Harrison, a negro liv­ ing a mile from the city. Harrison ac­ knowledges his guilt. The murder was cold blooded. Harrison killed Yicilli while making his escape from the latter's home, which he was robbing, two weeks ago. Evanston Has Oldest Muson. The oldest Mason--if not the oldest, at least one of the oldest--lives in Evanston. J. D. Easter is his name. Evanston claims his Masonic connections antedate those of William H. Stevens of Juliet ami Captain J. N. Stone of Xeenah. Wis., who have claimed to be the veterans. Who Should Make Roads? The tendency of the age is in the di­ rection of subdividing man's labor to the end that each may accomplish more by becoming a specialist. A writer in Lippincott's Magazine says: "In the colonial days in this country it was seen by men of wisdom, like Franklin and Washington, that the administration of the common roads should be taken away from the purely local authorities; first, because they were incompetent, and second, because they were influenced and moved by local considerations. From then till the railway came into being and put an end to road improvement in the United States for nearly two generations, this fight a gain sit local control was kept up; and when it was on the eve of being won, the expansion of railways ioofe away, for a long while, all interest ia. the subject. Now that this interest has been renewed, because we have learned that the common roads are more im­ portant on account of the railways than they were even before, we are again confronted with the necessity to take the road administration away from the purely local powers; iu these new laws this has been done to a great extent, and where the laws have been put in operation it has been fouud that the changes work admirably." MONUMENT FOR DUBUQUE. Memory of the Iowa Pioneer to Be Fittingly Honored. The Early Settlers' Association and the Iowa Institute of Science aiid Arts have formed a joint association which will rear a monument upon the grave of Julian Dubuque. This is upon the top of a ma- Five Men Meet Death. By an explosion of black damp in the Williamson County coal mines, located at Johnston City, five men were killed and several others suffered painful burns and bruises. The machinery of tlie shaft was badly wrecked. State News in Brief. Gov. Tanner lias appointed S. McCloud of Sheldon chief grain inspector at that place. President McKinley has appointed William K. Ilerzog of Illinois consul at Zitlau, Germany. Traffic on the Illinois Central was block­ ed by a head-end collision of two freight .jtraiiis in East.Rockford. The crews sav­ ed themselves by jumping. A committee of three negroes from the Colored Club of Alton has consulted with Senator John M. Palmer and retained his services in the court proceedings that will be brought against the members of the Board of Education and officials of Alton. Arthur Martin, IS years old, whose home is supposed to be at Canton, died at the South Chicago police station from injuries received in the yards of the Lake Shore Road. The young man was struck by a switch engine and liis skull was frac­ tured. The Bankers' Association in a letter denies that it is making any effort to lo­ cate Charles A. Norton, the absconding cashier of the Bank of Durand, who was a member of the association. No war­ rants have been sworn out for his arrest, and the indications are that he will be un­ molested in the Klondike country. The opinion is prevalent that the Cen­ tral Railway Company of Peoria will be •successful in its attempt to secure the ex­ tension of its fifty years' franchise, a majority of the City Council being regard­ ed favorable to the ordinance, though whether to the fifty-year clause is not known. The meeting of the State officers and county presidents of the Ancient Order of Hibernians at Joliet closed Sunday night. The principal business was°life in­ surance. The committee presented a plan to present to the State convention to be held in Peoria next' May, which in turn will'tie reported to the national convention «cxt year. . jestic bluff a mile below the city of Du4 buque and overlooking the Mississippi. Dubuque's claim to honor rests on the fact that he was the first settler. Ahont Ronrts. "' " ] The fir?t regular road in the northern half of Scotland--that is. the portion north of the Firtli of Forth--was »a 1745. The word "mile" comes from tbe Latin "mille," a thousand. A thousand paces of a marching soldier made the Roman mile. , After the confiscation of monastery property in Spain by the State, much of the proceeds were, devoted to the mak­ ing of roads. Under the Mogul Emperors extensive systems .of roads were constructed in India, connecting all leading points in the peninsula. The common measure of road dis­ tance in Greece is the pike, three-quar­ ters of an English yar ,1,000 pikes be­ ing about 750 yards. In 1S74" a road club, for the improve- . m^nf^ country roads in England, was esthblish^ljby a society of persons 'in­ terested iu coaching. Russia, with all its vast expanse of territory, covering as it does an area of 2.095.000 square miles, has but 65,- 000 miles of highway. Much attention was paid to paved roads lit Greece, and i.n excellent sys­ tem Of roads fan freui Athens to all yarts of the peninsula. SHOWS A DEFICIT OF $3,435,717. Monthly Statement of Government Receipts and Expenditures. The monthly statement of the Govern­ ment receipts and expenditures during September, 1S97, shows the receipts to have been $21,933,098, and the expendi­ tures $25,308,815, an excess of expendi­ tures over receipts of $3,435,717. For the three months of the fiscal year the excess lias been $29,015,954. As compared with September, 1896, there is a loss of $2.- 651,146 in the amount of the revenues, and a decrease of $1,210,720 in the ex­ penditures. The receipts for September last are given as follows: Customs . .$7,943,100 Internal revenue . ..12,701,975 Miscellaneous " 1.288,022 As compared With September. 1896, this is a loss of about $3,400,000 from customs and a gain of about $1,000,000 from inter­ nal revenue sources. „ . Iowa Politics iu Court. Chairman Belange of the Iowa fusion- Populists began an action in the District Court at Des Moines to test the action of the State Board of Elections in permitting the bolting, or middle-of-the-road. Popu­ lists to use the name "People's.party" on the official ballot.