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m <<v ;,*...;! ^WsgCTcagfe TODME CIV--NO 188 C rMa TUESDAY, AUGUST 7, 1945-26 PACES THREE CENTS-PAY NO MORE r \v > <.. '-Vv^.... " * ;. " , BONG IS HIED rwe >mir AS JET PLANE No. 1 Ace Crashes in California CHICAGOANS BACK Hundreds of Chlcagoana reached Camp Shanks, N. *.. f-ora Europe yesterday. Their names appear en Pare (• * m (Picture* it back page) • Burbank, Cal., Aug. *6 <#)--Maj. iRichard Ira Bong, 24, American ace fighter pilot of all time, was killed today as his jet propelled P-80 plane <was disintegrated, by an explosion * few minutes after he left Lockheed air terminal on a test flight Bong, who had 40 Japanese planes to his credit, apparently made an attempt to escape thru the pilot's ascape hatch. His parachute had keen partly-opened. A Lockheed service mechanic, Frank Bodenhamer, said Bong radioed the control tower as toon as ]h« was in the air. saying he had developed trouble. Take-Off Is -Normal •HU take-off was normal," said Bodenhamer. "but I knew there "was .something wrong when 1 saw ,1a puff of black smoke just as he leveled off in flight. The right wing tipped. The next thing 1 knew the escape hatch came off and the plane started to^lide and then nosed over straight down. A column of smoke went into the air lor hbout 400 foot. It was a terrible sight." ' Other witnesses said the plane ex <ploded with a terrific roar, being dis- > Mntegraved as parts were hurled In r~bits ovor a wide area within a law * miles of vhe airport "A piece fell from the plane," •aid Mrs. J. B. Villarino. who was attracted to the plane because it * seemed to be flying low. Hure Flames Bis* "It might have been the engine wing. Then the plane started straight down and craahed with a . ^tremendous burst of smoke. Huge flames swelled up." ; Another witness, Mrs. George H. Zane Jr., said she saw the pilot leap from the cockpit with his hands over his head. An instant liter, she satd, - the Plane exploded, catching .the 1 ;pilot the air. I Mrs. Zane and three men ran to the vacant lot where the disintegrated ship crashed. Bong's body lay about 100 feet from the flaming turbin* Mrs. Zane reported. - JNaafe Shakes-Area Residents In the crash area were Shaken by the •explosion. One woman. standing in her back yard about ISO feet away. Deceived burns on her legs. Bits of fie craft were scattered ovor approximately an acre. After returning from overseas service, the former Poplar. Wis., farm boy was assigned last June as a member of the staff assigned to the AAF plant representative at Lockheed Aircraft factory His job was testing the swift new jet propelled * Shooting Stars." Bong's widow was notified at her Hollywood home, where she and the major had been living. [Biographical sketch of Jfoj. Song is on page 10.1 POWERS OF SUN HARNESSED TO MAKE NEW BOMB BY PRANK HUGHES (ffcftMi ami chrnrt* en pegs 9) Physicists and scientists working in half a dozen American universities, including the University of Chicago, have harnessed the power o( the sun and sealed it into the "atom bomb" which President Truman announced yesterday has fallen for the first time' an Japan with tHe Artkw j. Deaqptw force of 20,000 tons of TNT. That is the most simple explanation of the dreadful explosive which Is America's top secret weapon and until, its official release her best kept war secret. The sun's power is its heat, but it does not come from ordinary combustion as in a simple fire. In ordinary fire, molecules of fuel, subjected to oxygen, come apart, and this action causes energy which appears as heat, light, and other rays. The sun would have burned out billions of years ago if this were its only combustion. -Worked for Years Its great energy--heat, light, and other rays--comea from the separation of the atoms which are the smallest parts of an element that can exist and which make up the molecules, and from the shattering of the atoms themselves, which releases infinitely greater amounts of heat and energy than ordinary molecule combustion. Scientists have pursued "atom smashing "-^-attempting to duplicate what happens on the sun--for many years, but it was not until the last decade they found a substance on earth whose atoms they could actually split apart. The official announcement that uranium is the basic atomic material of the "atom" bomb gives the clew to what the bomb is and how it operates. Uranium is a metallic element found along with radium and other radio-active elements in pitchblende and caraotite ore of which there are large deposits in southwestern Colorado, eastern Utah, Canada, the Belgian Congo. Austria, Russia, Sweden, Norway, and Cornwall. It was Isolated in 1789 and named after Herschel's discovery .of the planet Uranus. -U-2M Is Isolated B*lf a century later, scientists discovered that what was thought in 1789 to be uranium was In reality uranium oxide, written by the chemists "U02." Minute,.quantities of "the pure element eventually were obtained, and from this the scientista of the 20th ctntury deduced that uranium has an atomic weight of 238--that is, 238 times heavier than the element hydrogen, THE ARMY HAS NEARLY/THREE TIMES AS MANY MEN w" OFFICERS IT NEEDS - PROM A STATEMENT BY sattATOft JOHNSON Power of Universe Tapped to Create New Missile BILLOWING FIRE BALL DIMS SUN IN DESERT TEST [Continued on page t, columa I] THE WEATHER TUESDAY. AUGUST T, 1SSS Tribune Features Crossword puzzle, Dick Tracy.. Editorials Farm and Garden...... Friend of the Yanks... Gasoline Alley Gumps - Harold Teen.; Inquiring Camera Girl Mary Meade Moon Mullins Nejphbors Orphan Annie Obituaries Radio programs. Sfnilin' Jack.... Smitty Terry Winnie Winkle. S:SO. Sunt. S.-OS. Mil--it. S: 14 a. m. Maniac dan, Man, V« Satan; avaaiaf itar, JafUcr. CHICAGO AND VICINITY: Partly cloudy and a little cooler today; sunny and pleasant tomorrow; northerly winds IS to 18 miles an hour today; high today, 78; low tonight. 88; high tomorrow, 80. lUDtOIS: Fair Mir U< CMfcr to Mrik Mm aHcktlr www !• *«t Mrf Math lumw. Tmx niraATuncs in qncAco M haara aM S a. Aa«. 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AUGUSTA, WITH PRESIDENT TRUMAN, Aug. j W)--President Truman personally told the fighting men aboard this warship today of the release of the first atomic bomb over Hiroshima Soon after receiving word of the success of the mission, the Presi dent, accompanied br Secretary of State Byrnes, walked into the wardroom where ship officers were at lunch. "Keep your seats, gentlemen." he said in a voice tense with excitement " I have an announcement to make to you.' Hesitating only a moment as the officers waited excited and puzzled, Mr. Truman continued: We have just dropped a bomb on (Japan which has more power than 20.000 tons of TNT. It was an overwhelming succefeb? Tie applause and cheering had hardly died down bff^ Jfcr Ptfsi dent left as quickly a* he had appeared, en rout* to rq^eat the new* to members of the chew's mesa various parts of the ship. The crew's reception of the news .vas uproarious. The word heard on e*rery hand was: I guess ni sot 1.0W." The warship is headedfor an* oast coast port from which the President will return to the White House. He expects to be In Washington by Wednesday. The time for his nation-wide radio report on the Berlin Big Throe meeting has not been set • MAN AND BOAT FIGHT A BEAR; BEAR IS LOSER International Falls, Minn., Aug. S MP)--Armed only with his motor boat George Stoffels settled a long time grudge against blade bears this week-end. Spotting a 300 pound specimen swimming in Rainy lake, Stoffels slashed the bear repeatedly by backing the propeller into it Then he lassoed the beast--at the cost of a slashed hand when the bear momentarily fought back--and finished the battle by drowning and strangling his adversary. Bears have always destroyed my 5,000 Scientists at U. of C. Worked 3 Years on Bomb BY ROY GIBBONS Five thousand scientists, laboratory technician*, and research workers have been laboring day and night at the University of Chicago for the last three years to wrest the secret of atomic energy from the universe. Members of this small army have been recruited from American universities and industry and from the ranks of refugee scientists driven from their homelands by Hitler's conquests. They were put to work in a race with time to beat German technicians in development of the same kind of atomic bomb which President Truman has disclosed our air forces dropped on Japan. The atomic*project at the Midway school is said to be so vast that only the university's purchasing agent comprehends its magnitude. His appreciation -of its size is said to be gained fcom knowledge of the requisitions that have passed thru his hands for "veritable mountains of materials" that have been moving into the various laboratories devoted to the undertaking | Part of Sta* C"«d To make room for the investigation. tennis courts have been torn up and even a section of Stagg field and a pait of the armory have been requisitioned to house new bindings containing the vast at ray of scientific paraphernalia employed in the quest But so well has the -secret been kept that very few persons not on the faculty or employed in an administrative capacity at the school are said to have known the objective of the colossal effort shaping up under the very noses of thousands of residents living near-by. All that casual observers had to tell them during the last three years that something possibly mysterious or secret was in progress was the presence of armed guards who barred the entrance of many buildings on the campus. Night and Day Patrol These guards forbade even students from taking pictures of their sweethearts against certain building backgrounds. hey patfolled the vicinity night and day and were on hand to guide the station wagons which at certain intervals shuttle research crews back and forth between the various laboratories in much the same manner that shifting crews exchange da> and night jobs in a war plant In addition, there were strange looking persons who wandered in and out of the secret buildings. Some wore long beards and conversed in foreign tongues. At first there were only a few such strangers. But their number grew until Other Stories on N*w Atomic Bomb Torn to page S for a sketch of Maj. Gen. K. R. Groves who directed the atomic bomb project Other stories en ti»e new bomb Include descriptions of the Oak Ridge, Teaik, and the Richland, Wash., plants on page 8; the part Canadian scientista played in the bomb's development, page 4; Winston Churchill's statement, page 4; how Norwegian patriots wrecked the German atomic bomb experiment In Norway, page 4; the work done on the bomb at the Higgins shipbuilding plant In New Orleans, page 4. hood residents isometimes speculated oh the reason (Or the presence of these foreigners. Their inquiries, however, brought only vague answers. The secret of the investigation until yesterday remained intabt .. - 4 -- 28 Million Spent'Hero The quest for the answer which has resulted in giving America the atomic bomb has cost the govern ment 20 million dollars a year for research at the University of Chi cago alone. The university. It Is said, has spearheaded the drive and has been the focal point in the scientific quest which has extended over the entire country- Led bf Dr. Comptaa First funds to finance the project in Chicago, it was learned came from a special appropriation voted by congress to the late President Roosevelt who was authorized to spend the money as he saw fit Just how much he allocated to the Undertaking here has not been disclosed. The atomic hunt in Chicago has been led by Dr. Arthur Holly Compton, Nobel prize winner ard dean of the division of physical sciences at the university. Dr. Robert M. Hutchina, chancellor of the university, recently indicated that investigation into the atomic field has unearthed enough new knowledge to warrant immedi 4te formation i on the Midway of three new institutes devoted respectively to Industrial medicine, biophysics, and metals. Heads of the institutes are expected to be named soon, it was announced. BY ARTHURSEARS HENNING I Chka<* Tritaaa Fran sankal (Picture en iaei Washington, D. C, Aug. 6 -- An epochal announcement of e new secret weapon, foreshadowing an early end of the war with Japan, was made today by President Truman. The weapon is an atomic bomb. « projectile which looses the colossal energy of the atom with, an explosive force greater than 20,000 tons of TNT. The bomb, described as the greatest destructive force in history, was said to pack a punch equivalent to that delivered by 2,000 B-29 Super Forts. Moreover, the bomb was said to be capable of making the United States invulnerable to attack and to open the way to a revolution in the production of energy for industry and transportation. Smoke. Dost Cloud Target The first o these terrible anginas of death and destruction was dropped on Japan on the army base at Hiroshima on Honshu, the main Japanese island. The war department was unable immediately to report the effect Reconnaissance planes reported that a vast and impenetrable cloud of smoke and dust covered the target ana, a city of 318,000 population. Mr. Truman's announcement issued from the White House at 10 a. m. Chicago time, said the bomb had been dropped 18 hours earlier, or at 6 p. m. Sunday, Chicago time. The President said that the successful effort to harness the power of thj universe required 2 billion dollars and three years of work. The secret of the weapon is being sharad with Britain and Canada, but is not to be Imparted to Russia. France, ahd other countries pending a survey of the. imagination-baffling implications of its uses for war and peace. To conduct this study Secretary of War Stimson.appointed,an interim committee of present and former government officials and leading American scientists. A Reminder of Folly The bomb dropped on Honshu was a messenger reminding the Japs of tv.e folly of delaying longer their unconditional surrender. It is to be followed by a multitude of other specimens of the new secret weapon, including even more powerful atomic bombs now being developed. Mr. Truman pictured to the Japs what their fate will be 11 they con tinue to resist and gave them their last chance to escape annihilation. He held out no hope to the allies, however, that Japan can be bombed into submission with the celestial energy torn from the atom. He said this latest and more terrible manifestation of attack fcpm the air is to be followed by the invasion of the Japanese islands by sea and land forces. "We are now prepared." said Mr. Truman, M to obliterate mdfro rapidly and completely every produofive enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. We shall destroy their docks, their factories, and their communications. Let then be no mistake; we shall completely destroy Japan's power to make war. It was to spare the Japanese peo> - TokyoRadioTellsof Hearing Warning by President 5 Yanks Killed, 8 injured in Truck Crash in Trance BEAUTOR. France Au£ 6 (*")-- Five American soldiers were killed snd eight injured in a collision ^ oerry cmgpon Drywood island, so l!fhey became accustomed^"sights ohftwo trucks neifr^ this Aisne depart' thought I'd get even," explained I the campus. |ment town tonight Their Stoffels. Untraraity atudanto sad neighbor- were not availably (Mmp om page 3) Washington, D. C. Aug. 8 --The birth of a new age--the atomic agewas announced tonight by the war department in a graphic description of the test of America's new " secret weapon." the atomic bomb, in the desertlands of New Mexico. The lights from the explosion were described as " beautiful beyond comparison," the test called " successful beyond the most optimistic expectations." • At Needles, Cal., 520 miles away from Alamogordo, where the test was made, a flyer said he saw the flash; in Gallup, N. M.. 250 miles away, windows were rattled by the blast Scientists at once began evaluating the new force introduced to the world whose potentialities scarcely can be imagined. After the long years of arduous labor they could say: " The project is a success--for good or for evil." Birth af Atomic Age The text of the war department statement follows: Mankind's successful transition to a new age, the atomic age, was ushered in July 16, 1915, before the eyes of a tense group of renowned scientists, and military men gathered in the desertlands of New Mexico to witness the first end results of their $2,000,000,000 effort Here in a remote section of the Alamogordo . air base 120 miles south* t of Albuquerque the first man made atomic explosion, the out standing achievement of nuclear science, was achieved at 5:30 a. m. of that day. Darkening heavens pouring forth rain and lightning immediately up to the aero hour heightened the drama. *" Mounted on a steel tower, a revolutionary weapon destined to change war as we know ft. or which may even be the instrumentality to end all major wars, was set off with an impact which signalised man's entrance into a new physical world. Expectations An Exceeded "Success was greater than the most ambitious estimates. A small amount of matter, the product of a chain of huge specially constructed industrial plants, was made to release the energy of the universe locked up within the atom from the beginning of time. A fabulous achievement had been reached. Speculative theory, barely established in pre-war laboratories, had been projected into practicality. "This phase of the atomic bomb project which is headed by Maj. Gen. Leslie R- Groves, was under the direction of Dr. J. R. Op penh timer, theoretical physicist of the University of California. He Is to be credited with achieving the Implementation of atomic energy far military purposes. Tension Mounts Rapidly " Tension before the actual detona tlon was at a tremendous pitch. Failure was an aver present possibility. Too great a sncraat. envia- &ed by some of thoae pn it have meant an uncontrollable unusable weapon. Final assembly of the atomic flfap M page S| San Francisco, Ctl., Aug. s (ff>-- The Japanese Domel agency noted in a broadcast tonight that Presi* dent Truman had announced the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. It was the first Japanese reference to the Mw type at bomb, and the broadcast made m comment on Its effects. The Osaka radio announced ths cancellation of various trains in Hiroshima prefecture. It did net refer to the bomb or to any damags that might have resulted from it however. No mention was made af any form of explosive. Other Japaneee broadcasts aaiVat had reported only that Hiroshima aouth western Honshu amy casta* had been raided by "a small warnbar" of American B-39e with incendiaries and explosives at 8 JO a. m. Monday ITokyo time J. That waa about the hour President Tto man said the bomb was dropped. Answer to Japan GUAM, Aug. 7 [TueedayJ--<*)-- Broadcasts from Salpan. Hawaii. Mi San Francisco warned the Tspaasaa repeatedly today that the aew atonic bomb which crashed with sa> nlhllating force on the army haaa at HtroOhhna is the United States' i» awer to their refusal to sarranda^ The office of war tnferaaattaa began broadcasting President Tn*» .man's statement on the atomic bomb immediately upon fta tasn> anct No Japaneee beamed tran» mitters ware on the air at the tine the statement waa issued, but It immediately was featured in Cng> ttsh and other language braadeaats audible In Japan and OW1' aaina began putting on special Japasps language broadcasts. / WU1 Drep Laaflata The OW1 also rushed the state ment to its psychological warfare outpost in the Pacific for immediate use In leaflets dropped over Japan. Emuftasts is being put on the President's statement that "it was to'span the Japanese people fraaa utter destruction that the ultima* turn of July 28 was Issued" and that if the Japaneee do not acoapt the terms "they may expect a rsin of ruin from the air, the like at which has never been seen on ths earth." Bapert New UIHbmIbbi . LONDON. Aug. 8 (TV-The CSi> don Daily Mail said today In a Washington dispatch qoatlng "n» liable sources " that Japaa wenH lis served with a new utttastua Is surrender within 88 haws cr Urn obliteration from the atasnfci Soon after had released the of the atomic bomb this reliable aouroas here rWaafctngtan] said a new ultimatum la to hs sssd to Japan," the Daily Mail aaM. This will say: ITt ulll iillibam use of the atomic bomb fsr dt hours; in which time yon cast sar» .render. Otherwise yon fees Iks ispact of the enttan of the Japanese nation.** (On* Awed R-8SO mid Jay a snSh 5.) [Continued ea page *. [ Continued en page 8, Bomb Weighs About 400 Pounds (Chart en pmgm 2) LONDON, Aug. 6 UP)--A commentator for the British ministry of aircraft production, making the first disclosure regarding the size of the new atomic bomb, said tonight it is "10 times smaller than a block buster but many times as powerfuL" This apparently would mean the new htmb weighs approximately 400 pounds. Blockbusters wen the two ton bombs that wen the firstjwperheavy aerial projectiles useoT>y the R. A. F. against Germany and wen laucceeded later by lair ton tory busters," six ton " earthquakes,' and. finally 11 ton " volcanoes." The commentator said that while in order to get more powerful bombs it previously had been n< sary to build them " bigger better." it now was possible to get an almost incomprehensible amount of power in a much smaller package. "Speaking in extremely conaenative new terms, atomic he bomba dropped an town " Woiuu i ven earthquake and would KING ELECTED IN LANDSLIDE TO CANADIAN HOUSE ALEXANDRIA. Ott. Prime Minister W. L. Madnsris King was elected to the Richard Liberal, fey a the GUhmo from ths King 488 said, one of the year old physician of Sharbe* OnC King. :-S