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i?; 7 . ••••••« -. *•'^ dt, • k ji AMCiUMi HKI row AMEIWAWf ::# I • . £ V T . >. . * ***:?£ ^ - - >- ,ri •vr •v:.A-.,<.'^#^ '. ---' » * ^ < " '4 Ml iiW" fc'. * s / v- ; GREATEST NEWSPAPER •- T'-'f %t. •«.» .ar'tealr- r- - - * • . - - ' s •V»--• VOLUME CIV*---NO. 195 C WfDNBSbAY, AUGUST 15, 1945-34 PAGES *S j& **•-••• - - - • 8. THREE CENTS-PAY HO Ml J U SIM APOUS SUNK; Ui ABOARD CASUALTIES Lost in Action After Delivering Atom Bomb Parts fftttaru on Mt 14) Washington, O. G, Aug. 14 (AP)--The heavy cruiser Indianapolis was lost recently in the Philippine sea from entmy action with 100 per cert casualties to her personnel totaling U96 officers and men. Announcing this today, the navy said the famous vessel vas lost shortly after completion of her last mission, sailing from San Francisco July 16 on t high speed run to Gtiam to deliver essential atomic bomh material She was lost after safely delivering her cargo. The navy jjave no details of lir final, fatal action. Hundred* Misting Casualties included fw navy dead including one officer; 845 navy missing, including 63 officers ; 307 navy wounded including 15 officers; 30 manne corps missing, including two officers, and nine enlisted marine corps troumled Her casualties placed her pear the top in weight of losses on a single vessel in this war The ill fated aircraft carrier Franklin suffered 3*1 dead, 431 missing, and more than 300 Wounded., , Skipper Wounded The Indianapolis, traditionally the flajrship of the powerful 5th fleet.;had been at "the Mare Island navy vard for repairs just before her last run. She bad been damaged bjTa Japanese sui cide plane off Okinawa March J51. '945. Adm. Raymond A Spruance was ahftard at the time of the suicide attack, but he tipped injury. ,*~^T Skipper of, the Indianapolis "litfas Capt Charles B. McVay 3d, {Continued en page 14, column lj THE WEATHER WEDNESDAY, AUGUST IS, IMS ARMY TO FREC MILLIONS; CUT WtAFT QUOTAS CHICAGO AND VICINITY: Fair 1 f «nd rather cool today; fair and .. Warmer tomorrow; northerly winds, near IS miles an hoar this afternoon; high today, 78; low t& night, M; high tomorrow. 80. axi»m BoMistk: today. «•*«»*M> * toworraw: ^mln T~ """"" TEMPEEATCSES W CHICAGO " fa M Inn nM » ». n>. Aa*. X5: f ! S " ' I X I •• • • « ! * s •;t- Ta. •...73 Sp.a (•<•.•.11 « ». a • a. a, .. .7,5 Bp. • llha ...76 6 p. a i l * a . 7 S •dlllL tu«. tmifta* 5:89. Sautrt, 7:51. Moon id. >1:50 si.ei vp. a..,.7i . .7910 p. a....70 ..#0 11 p. «... .M ..T»'Ml«n't....tee . . 7 9 I a n . . .781 tin. ...60 Ships to Turn Back PARIS, Aug. 14 (A1)--American soldiers from Europe bound for occupation duties In the Pacific will be redeployed via the United States with a 30 day fur* lough at home, a United States army spokesman gave assurance today. The spokesman said Pacific bound ships carrying soldiers from this theater probably would turn toward American ports. BY LAURENCE BURD ICfchaga Trlfcan* Pim Strtittl Washington, D. C.. Aug. 14--Selective service tonight stopped the drafting of all men 26 years of age and over after President Truman directed draft calls be cut from the present 80.000 to 50.000 a month. The President predicted five to 5tt million soldiers will be released from the army within the next 12 to 18 months. Most Draftee* to be IS The stop draft order for men 26 and older was issued by Draft Di rector Hershey in a wire to all state selective service directors Hershey directed that future draft calls be filled from men 18 thru 25 who are not subject to occupational defer* inents. The result will be. he said, that most draftees will be 18 years old. IAH selective service inductions scheduled for today and tomorrow in Illinois have been called off, it was announced by Col Pout G. Armstrong, stpte director c/ selective service.] Truman's statement said the future inductees-are needed to furnish a constant flow of replacements to {occupation forces in Germany and Japan, so that men overseas with long service records may be brought home and discharged. Replacement "Imperative" President Truman's statement said in part: " In justice to the millions of men who have given long and faithful service under the difficult and hazardous conditions of the Pacific war and elsewhere overseas a constant flow of replacements, to the occupational forces is thought to be imperative. " Mathemati other course oi action appears ceptable ... "Requirements for future induction tnto the army will be limited to the lowest age groups which will provide the numbers of men required Preliminary estimates Indicate that the age groups under 26 will satisfy this requirement." Japs Develop Two Pills to Cure Their Cold Feet San Francisco. Cal.. Aug. 14 W)- Japanese said today their scientists had developed twb wonder drugs, Itoha and shiko. that had cured thousands of persons burned in air raids. A Domei news agency broadcast said the pills also are go<K for chilblains. (Chilblains are sores resulting from exposure of the hands or feet to cold.) Jury Asks Execution of Petain Words That Ended War lcally and morally W of > actm. Miralai ttirt, Man, Ttttt, sw4 f . . - . T ribune Features Crossword puzzle two, maiai <(>r, JapMcr. iDick Tracy *m 24 ton «n«td T jn p. „ . am 14 Editorials •cm tempcratart, iH: normal. *»X- ntxtt I p vino ju i. 940 e«rrtn srm and Garden Pmipitatta*, ,77* <>«u due* ah. i. 1.62'Friend of the Yanks..,.., *sc*s» ilM* Jan l. s.es teelm.. Cacolina Allau tilthe* »ln<* Ttlodtr, 24 ralln ar Imf 1^ " Alley.. Matin bamlwtf, 7:30 a. a. S« par aaett'Gumps .. 7»: 7:80 p. a ss Karoid Teen 7:SO a. a, M.74 tathav >1.11 laefcas. r ! COUNT: Par 24 hoar* mm S p. a» 14. ( iralaa tm aatlr yaf# af air- |<WScl»> waathar npart v »a« IS) «> PARISi Aug. 15 (Wednesday]--^) --Marshal Petain was convicted and Sentenced to death , early today by three judges and a 24 man jury who deliberated almost seven hours. The high court of justice added It "hoped the sentence would not be executed." [This recommendation for clemency presumably will be considered by Gen. de Gaulle, president of the French provisional government.] Besides condemning the 89 year old former chief (of the Vichy state to death for " plotting against the internal safety of France." the court also sentenced him to national Indignity and ordered confiscation of all his property. Review Collaboration The lengthy judgment, read by Judge Mongibeaux, president of the court, went over the acts of collaboration of the Vichy government with Germany point by point and laid their responsibility to Tetain. Mongibeaux said the marshal Instituted " a veritablej-egime of terror in France. The court found Petain guilty of attacking the security of the state and intelligence with the enemy and of trying to. overthrow the republican regime of France. While recognizing that many of Vichy's acts were not committed directly by Petain, the judgment said he "must be held responsible for acts committed under his authority." Petaln'a Final Statement In his final statement to the jury yesterday Petain had spoken slowly, obviously with great emotion, saying, " My thought, my only thought, was to remain with the people of France as 1 promised instead of abandoning them in their agony. " Whatever happens, they will know th<k 1 defended them as 1 defended Verdun. Members of the jury, my life and liberty are in your hands. My honor belongs to your country. You may condemn me to death, you may judge me according to your conscience. Mine Is clear. My life has not belonged to me for a long time. On the threshold of death I swear tl&t I always served France." (A Reuters dispatch stated that charges of intelligence with the enemy against Eugenie Petain, the marshal's wife, had been dropped.] 7 THANK GOD,' M'ARTHUR SAYS ON-WAR'S END MANILA. Aug. 15 [Wednesday]-- VP)--" I thank a merciful God that this mighty struggle is about to end," Gen. MacArthur commented this morning after receiving official noti fication of the Japanese capitulation and of his appointment as supreme allied commander of the occupation forces. " I shall at once take steps to stop hostilities and further blood* shed, The magnificent men and women who have fought so well for victory will return to their homes in due course and resume theif civilian pursuits. " They have been good soldiers in war. May they be equally good citizens in peace." . - Calls for Jap Radio New York. Aug. 15 (Wednesday^-- W)--Gen. MacArthur, in his first communication to Japan, has just ordered the Japanese government and imperial general staff to put a Washington, D. C., Aug. 14 (AP)--Following is the text o; President Truman's statement on the Japanese surrender: " I have received this afternoon a message from the Japanese government in reply to the message forwarded to that government by the secretary of -state on Aug. 11. " I deem this reply a full acceptance of the Potsdam declaration which specifies the unconditional surrender of Japan. In the reply there is no qualification. "Arrangements are now being made for the formal signing of surrender terms at the earliest possible,moment. Allies to Be Represented " Gen. Douglas MacArthur has been appointed the supreme allied commander to receive the Japanese surrender. Great Britain, Russia, and China will be represented by high ranking officers. " Meantime, the allied armed forces have been ordered to suspend offensive action. ^ "The proclamation of V-J day must wait upon the formal signing of the surrender terms by Japan." Japan's Note of Acceptance Acknowledging the correspondence between th* allies, and Tokyo, the text of the Japanese note pertaining to Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam terms was as follows: " 1. His majesty the emperor has issued an imperial rescript regarding Japan's acceptance of the provisions of the Potsdam declaration. ^ t Emperor Assures SiffnaMNl ' " 2 His majesty -he emperor is prepared"to authorize and insure the signature of his government and the imperial general headquarters of the necessary terms for tarrying out the provisions of the Potsdam declaration. " His majesty is also prepared to issue his commands to all the military, naval, and air authorities of Japan and all the forces under their control wherever located to cease active operations, to surrender arms, and to issue such orders as may be required by the supreme commander of the allied forces for the execution of the above mentioned terms." Pageis • Page 20 ] radio station at his continuous dis- • Page 1S| posal for communication of his or- Page 20 ders to Japan, NBC's Merrill Mueller End Controls of ManPower; Halt Contracts Washington, D. C., Aug. 14 ISpecial] --Cancellation of contracts by the billions of dollars and abandonment or relaxation of war controls over individuals and industry were prompt developments tonight as the nation began adjusting its war geared tempo to the uses of peace. There were indications of sharp dislocations on the erstwhile home front as the Juggernaut <lf war production felt abrupt brakps on-momentum piled up by nearly four years of effort and sacrifice. Large scale and growing unemployment during a reconversion gap of several months was predicted. Developments Included: title navy annonced it its can a celing nearly 6 billion dollars in prime contracts in addition to drastice shipbuilding cutbacks recently announced. Man Power Controls Bn4 2, T$ie war man power commlsa si on terminated all man power controls and gave the United States its first free labor market in more than two years. 3 Government officials and labor a leaders foresaw a total of t mil' lion unemployed by Christmas, with this figure increasing to 9 million in 1946 before the trend is reversed by peaceltlme production. j War Mobilizer Synder planned thp release, perhaps tomorrow, of his over-all plan for reconversion, with other top war time agencies expected to foUow with dovetailing plans of tfeeir pwn. The office of ^pksorship sara it is getting reaoy to fold up and will end censorship of news, radio JOYOUS BEDLAM LOOSED IN CITY Tmtm <yrp|fr •ar.vahF «iaahWw ; • *IU>. IMS •>» T IMM ui excess ej • IWWWfWWW >TNC CWCAOO TRIBUNE Inquiring Camera Girl Moon Muliina Neighbors Orphan ' Annie........ |Obituaries .. ; R*aie programs.... . iSmilin* Jack Smltty Terry ..../. White Collar Girl.;.... VrSiaw Wiaiuv... Page 18 .Page 27 • Page 16 .Page 14 • Page 29 Pageifi • Page 12 Pare 22 • Page 21 .Page 23 . Page 20 Page IS • Page 20 .Page 31 radioed from MacArthur's headquar< ters in Manila today. TotalDefeat the First in History of Japanese Washington, D C.. Aug. 14 W-- Japan retired today from the ranks of undefeated champions. He» «ur render, a state department official said represented the nation's first totai defeat in her recorded history. The modern Japanese, however, art descendants of continental Asiatics who .successfully invaded the rafwii jancM. [Continued on page 6, column 11 WOVLD CELEBRATES The surrender of Japan touched off wild celebrations thruout the allied world. Stories describing the reaction to the ending of the costliest war tn history appear on pages 2, t, and 4, ACCEPTS ROLE OF POPPETAGREES ID CARRY OUT AUIB) ORDERS EMPERORSAYS ATOM BOMB MADE NIPPON GIVE DP Truman to Proclaim VJ Day After Emissaries Complete Signing • lif Formal Terms f Picture* m pog^ 4 «ni. back page) Chicago greeted peace last night. Pent up restraint and anxieties burst with President Truman's an nouncement at € p. m. Demonstrations began Immediately thruout the whole city. The loop, the traditional place to celebrate, set the pace. Within yninutes after the an nouncement, 10,000 persons jammed downtown sidewalks and streets. By 10 p. m. half a million persons had visited--or tried to visit--the area. They were noisy. They represented ail ages and all classes. Elderly men and women were as Numerous as bobby soxers. The celebrants shouted, they sang, and danced, but they were orderly. Taverns and cocktail lounges had closed their doors immediately. Kisses 8hower on Veterans Thousands of sailors, soldiers, and marines were there. Young women kissed them until their faces were smeared with lipstick. At State and Madison sts* 30 sailors formed a line, grabbed pretty girls as they passed, kissed them, and passed them from one to anot£ er. Most of the loop workers were on their way home when the announcement waa made. Thousands of them turned back. Street cars, buses, and [Coatinaed on page 4. eolamn fi] [BT THE ASSOCIATED PBSSS1 k Domei dispatch broadcast by the Tokyo radio said last night that Emperor Hirohlto, speaking for th'e first time by radio, had told the Japanese people that "the enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb" and should Japan continue to fight "it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization." This he said, caused him to accept the Potsdam declaration. Japanese Premier Kantaro Suzuki told the Japanese nation that Japan's war "aim" had been "lost by the enemy's use of the new type bomb." He added that Japan laced difficult" future and said "tha defense of national polity is our duty now." His broadcast was recorded by the FCC "To Effect Settlement* Emperor Hirohlto was quoted as saying: "Pondering deeplr the general trends of the world and the actual' conditions of .. . (indistinct word] in our empire today, we have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure. We have ordered our government to communicate JO the governments of the United States. Great Britain, China, and the soviet union, that our emperor accepts the provisions of the Potsdam declaration. •' Indeed, we declared war on America and Britain out of ourv sin cere desire to insure Japan's selfpreservation and the establishment of East Asia, "But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Desyte the best that has been done by every one-- the gallant fighting of the military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of our servants of the state and the devoted service of our 100 million people, the war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned against her interest. Tells of New Bomb "The enemy has begun to employ a new and most' cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is indeed incalculable, taking the tott of many innocent lives. "Such being the case, how are we to save the millions of our sub* jects* or to atone ourselves before the hallowi d spirits of our imperial ancestors? This is the reason we have ordered tbe acceptance of the joint declaration of the powers. " Beware most strictly of any out bursts of emotion which may en< gender needless complications, of any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead ye astray, and cause ye tb lose the confidence of the world." ^ BY ARTHURiSBARS HSNNIWI (Chteas* Trfkaaa rttta Scrvka] Washington, D. C., Aug. 14--The war is over. President Truman at 6 o'clock tonight (Chicago time) an* nounced the unconditional surrender of Japan on die terms die* tated by the allied powers. The Japanese empire fell before the military and industrial might of the United States! climaxed last week by the projection of two atomic bombs--America's terrible, new secret weapon-* upon two Japanese cities with devastating effect. H» Day's Events High Commander Gen. MacArthur Two Day Holiday for Pay Purposes Washington. D. C., Aug. 14 nual leave. He J said it was In fin- Tomorrow and Thursday are days'adequate" recognition of the four off for government workers, and'year efforts of "one of the hardest holidays for pay purposes for many j working groups of war workers." other workers. | For other workers under wage And V-J day, when it comes, will control. Wednesday and Thursday be s premium pay day for many, too.!count like Christmas or other holi» President Truman announced both days tor purposes of overtime pay rulings tonight. He directed agency heads thruout the government to cut their forces down to a bare skeleton staff Aug. ls-JlS. and 16 and not to qharge the atai&at gba tmiijffiiytf 49^, 'A " I and In figuring the number of days worked in a week. Many employers already have gotten approval for regular time pay to workera who take the day off. ' fPfiaiif ISr"1--irrSSSI ."tw • • V - # - . . . TRUMAN ORDERS JAPANESE TO CEASE FIRING Washington, D. €.. Aug. 14 President Truman tonight dispatched thru State Secretary Byrnes an order for thl Japanese government to stop the war on all fronts. The dispatch was sent thru the Swiss government. After acknowledging receipt of the Jap message, which Byrnes said he regarded as a full acceptance by Japan of the Potsdam declaration, he save-the following message from President Truman to be delivered to the Japanese government: Tou are to proceed as follows; "1. Direct prompt cessation of hostilities by Japanese forces, informing the supreme commander for the allied powers of the effective date and hour of such cessation " 1 Send emissaries at once to the supreme commander for the allied powers with Information of the disposition of the Japanese forces aid commanders. "3. For the purpose of receiving audi surrender and the carrying of it tnto effect. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur has been designated as the supreme commander for the allied powers." / It's a Great Day--Truman The outstanding events ot surrender day,were: Emperor Hirohito accepted unconditionally the tut* render terms proclaimed by tfyl United States, Great Britain, and China at Pbtsdam July 26 ft and agreed to carry out all oq* ders of the supreme allied com*---- piander of the forces that wil occupy Japan. Allied forces were ordered to cease firing and tht- - Japanese government was ia» ' structed to issue similar order® to all Japanese forces. $1 3 Gen. MacArthur was ap» • pointed supreme allied commander and the Japanese, government wis instructed t» surrender formally to him at the place &nd time he designates. Await Signing ' 4. 3L Washington, D. G, Aug. 14 (*>-- In an Impromptu speech on the White House lawn early tonight President Truman told a large crowd of spectators that this was a great day for democracy. When thousands of spectators who had waited patiently in Lafayette park across the street from the executive mansion began a chant: "We want Truman," the President appeared on the White House .steps with Mrs. Truman. Surrounded J>y secret servioe men, the President and his wife walked down the steps, across the lawn and around a fountain to the high iron fence which fronts the White Houee on Pennsylvania avenue. There the Preddent waved and smiled to the crowd. As the throng continued cheering, Mr. Truman returned to the White -A BliiB0 j:ymd jxfla •1'm. * microphone that had been set up there hastily. The text of his extemporaneous jpesrh. as transcribed from shorthand notes: ladies and gentlemen, this ts the great day. This is the day we have oeen looking for since Dec. 1. 1941. "This Is the day when fascism and police government ceases in the world. "This is the day tor the democracies. "This is the day when we can start on our Teal task of implementation ot free government In the world. "W* are faced with the greatest task we ever have been faced With. The emergency is as great as it was on Dee. 7. 194L "It is going, to tape the help ot an of us to do It, X knew we are • •« * V President Truman announced he would proclaim V-J day formally^ Soon as tht surrender terms are signed bp the representatives of the Jap** nese government and the allieA;... powers. r House and senate commit ^ * tees began work on legif* latfon for reconversion of indu> try from war to peace produd? tioo in preparation for consider* ati on by congress Sept. 5. After a day of conflicting r# . ports concerning the precise ni» tare of the Japanese govern* mint's reply to the terms stated f Saturday by the allied powers, the official text -ttf the Tokyo » note was placed in the hands of the President at 5 :15 p. m. Chi» eago time. Truman Satisfied _ It contained but four para* graphs and the essential, part compnsed three sentences of 112 words. The President ran his ^ eye over these sentences and looked up with satisfaction, pronouncing them a complete and unqualified acceptance of th» Potsdam ultimatum and of tht elucidation of the surrender terms given Saturday by the a|i lies at the request of the Japanese government. --- It was in this elucidation that the allies stated that the emperor would be permitted to r» tain his authority, but that ft* would be required to carry oat the orders of the supreme allied commander and that the ultimate farm ot the Japanese govern •• iV' '•ii- • <•••;• • V. *7