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p -if lp*|!; ^..4; :if--l1«f^'^,l!li^Hlt Wf^ ppff mpwp^w1 .fpwi 'W?gx'*i "•\Xr-.,«/e. :: $?$£$ P.- , < t; ,^- .-Ji%SLy- *.-t--» •^fVfe'V' , • v- ?•>,%:- '« -\ *«•». TOB McHENTtY PLAIITDEA'LlCtt, TtfcltENRf, j-^Tf ,* '®*V7-^ |.Tu!^f | ,A '*" * "'*"' '"'"'l'b'* * .'. tf • !f s£V,,*w;_ - v~*"V Gbnd Reading for Bond ArUEricaMS duk|4,ljz+ - • By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN HE ambitious Fourth of July orator in search of a theme worthy of the H day other than the Declaration of J Independence need go no farther than the Constitution of the United States of America. But only the able and eloquent and impassioned should attempt to do justice to this most remarkable document In all tho world. There were giants in the days when It was written. They accomplished great works, bnt none greater than the Constitution. But a dry-as-dust document, you say? Not so,; The Constitution is the very substance of our free*; dom. Between its lines are to be read all the ro» mance and hlBtory and aspiration^ of the Republic. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have fought and died to maintain its principles. The success of representative government In the world depends upon its maintenance in all Its integrity. Freedom hangs upon it, for its great purpose is tor* safeguard the rights of the individual citizen. The Constitution is a human document that bears directly upon the "life, liberty and pursuit of happiness" of every American. Various circumstances have combined of late to bring home this truth to ns. In consequence there is a nation-wide campaign to promote understanding of the Constitution by the coming generation. Twenty-eight states have now passed a law requiring definite courses of Instruction in all the public schools. More than 100,000 public school teachers are now required by law to teach the Constitution to more than 3,000,- 000 public school children. The campaign will continue until all the states shall have passed this law. The English settlers In the American colonies brought with them the English principles of self-, government and elaborated and practiced them to an extent unknown in the mother country. This is shown by the representative chamber In Virginia In 1019; the "Mayflower Pact" of 1620; the written constitution of the Connecticut towns In 1639* The first official draft of a plan for the formation of a central government was the Articles of Confederation adopted by the Second Continental Congress of 1775. By 1781 it had been ratified by all the states. The government thus established consisted of a legislative"department only. To remedy "this and other defects congress recommended the Constitutional Convention which-met May 29 to September 17, 1787, at Philadelphia. Fifty-five delegates attended, all the states except Rhode Is* • land being represented. Washington presided. Among the leaders In the convention were Hamilton, Morris, Wilson, King, Madison, Franklin, Sherman, Plnckney, Ellsworth, Randolph, Mason, Gerry, Lansing, Patterson, Dickinson and Yates. Congress approved the Constitution drawn by them. Eleven of .the states ratified the Constitution in 1788. North Carolina ratified In 1789 find Rhode Island in 1700. The original document, like the Declaration of Independence, has been in many hands and manyplaces. At last It has found a permanent and appropriate home, with the Declaration, in a special- ' lv designed repository, recently dedicated by President Coolldjre, In the Library of Congress. The Constitution of the United States consists of a Preamble and seven Articles, supplemented by nineteen amendments--"Articles In addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution.** It begins: PREAMBLE--We, the people of the United ' States, In order to form a more perfect anion. ea-, tabltsh Justice, Insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitutlon for the United States of America. This Preamble clearly shows that the Constltu^ tlon is much more than a compact of states like the Articles of Confederation which It replaced. These said that the states "hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other." The Constitution Is plainly the establishment by the people of a federal system of government-- the uniting of the states "Into one nation under one national government without extinguishing their separate administrations, legislatures and local patriotisms.** The Constitution divides the powers of government into the legislative, execu- . tive and Judicial departments. It may be thus summarized : ARTICLE I deals with the legislative depart- - aaeut or congress. Sect. 1 divides congress Into t|je house and senate. Sect. 2 provides for the election of representatives every second year; for the Suulificatlons of representatives; for their apporonment among the states according to population; Hie right of the house to choose Its own speaker and have the sole power of Impeachment. Sec. 8 provides for the election of two senators from each state by the legislatures (by the Seventeenth amendment in effect May 31, 1913, direct vote by the people Is substituted) and for their' qualifications. The vice president presides and has no vote except in case of tie. The senate tries all cases Of Impeachment. Sect. 4 leaves times, places, and manner of holdiBg elections for both houses to the state legislatures, but gives congress power to alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators; makes mandatory at least one meeting of congress each year. . Sect. 5 gives each house the power to decide on Elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, to determine its roles, to punish members for disorder, and, by a two-thirds vote, to expel a member. Sect. 6 has members of both houses paid by the Uhlted States, and privileged from arrest except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace; and forbids any person holding office under the United 8tates to be a member of congress, or any member of congress to be appointed to federal office created or with salary Increased during his term, la congress. Sect. 7 provides that revenue bills must originate In the lower house; the veto of the President may be overcome only by a vote of two-thirds or more of each house; and If the President fall to return to congress any bill within ten days It shall he law, unies3 congress adjourn within the ten days, when It shall not be law. ^ Sect. 8 defines the powers granted to congress: to tax, but uniformly throughout the country; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to make uniform laws on naturalization and on bankruptcy; to coin money, and to fix standards of weights and measures; to establish po6t offices and post roads; to grant patents and copyrights; to constitute the lower courts; to define and to punish piracies and the like; to declare war; to raise, maintain, and Control army and navy; to call out, to organize, and to arm the state militias; to govern a federal district, the seat of government; and--the "elastic clause," on the Interpretation of which there has been constant disagreement--to make laws necessary and proper for execution of these powers, *Bd of all other powers vested in the government; in any of its departments or officers. Sect 9 enumerates the powers denied to the United St«*l*s government:-the prohibition of the slave trade before 1808; suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, except for public safety In rebellion or Invasion; the passage of any bill of attainder, or ex post facto law; the levying of a direct tax not based on population, or of any export tax; commercial preference for one port over another, or levying duties on vessels sailing from one state to another ; the draft of money except by legal appropriation ; and the granting of any title of nobility, or permitting the receipt, without consent of-congress, at any present or title from a foreign state by per- Sons holding office under the government. Sect. 10 enumerates the powers denied to the states. Some of these, in thejiature of a bill of rights--e.g. that there be no bill of attainder or ex post facto law--are repeated from the list of powers denied to the federal government; others deny to the states what has been granted In the preceding selections to the federal government. ARTICLE II deals with the executive power, vested to a President, who, with a vice president, Is fleeted for four years by electors chosen by the states, the number of electors for each being equal to the total^ nunjber of senators and representatives from tEe stales. (The Twelfth amendment 1808-4) to the Constitution makes the choice of President and vice president separate; provides that no elector tote for candidates for both offices from the same state; and stipulates that If there Is no choice by a majority of the electors, the house of representatives, voting by states, shall choose by majority a President from the three highest candidates for the offlce, and the senate choose by majority a vice president from the two highest candidates.) - Sects. 2 and 3 detail the powers of the Presi-. dent He Is commander in chief of the federi*^ army and navy, and of state militia In the service of the United States; he grunts reprieves or pardons, except in Impeachment cases; with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the senate he makes treaties and appoints ambassadors and other public ministers, consuls, Judges of the Supreme court, and other officers not otherwise provided for by the Constitution, or. In the case of minor officials, by act of congress; he has the. veto power already described; "he gives congress information of the state of the Union"--a method of initiating legislation by tl)e "Presidential message"; he may convene congress for extraordinary sessions; he receives foreign ministers; and he tnkes enre that the laws be faithfully executed, besides commissioning all federal officers. Sect 4 provides that the President, vice president, and all civil officers (not including members of congress, «s the Constitution has been interpreted) may be removed by "impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors." ARTICLE m Is devoted to the Judicial department, which. It provides, shall be vested In one Supreme court and In Inferior courts ordained and established by congress. Federal judges, appointed by the President with the approval of the senate, hold office during good behavior. Sect. 2 states that in all cases affecting public ministers, and those in which a state shal\ be party, the Supreme court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all other cases It shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions as congress shall make. Sect. 3 provides that "rreasr>n against the United States shall consist only in levying war, or In adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort" ; that "no person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses. . . . or on confession in open court"; and that congress shall have power to declare punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall extend beyond the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV deals with Interstate and" Territorial relations. Among its "provisions are: those for the guarantee by the United States of a republican form of government to every state, thus giving congress some check on the constitutions of would-be states; for repelling invasion of tho states by federaf powef, and for their protection against domestic violence upon application by the state legislature, or. If It be not In session, of the state executive. ARTICLE V provides for the adoption of amendments to the Constitution. Amendments are to be proponed either by a two-thirds vote of both houses of congress, or by a convention called on the ap? plication of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states. Proposed amendments must then be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states, or by conventions In three-fourths. ARTICLE VT provides that the Constitution, and the laws and treaties made thereunder, shall be the supreme law of the land. ARTICLE VII provided that "the ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution." AMENDMENTS ARTICLE I declares that congress shall make no law respecting the establishment or the fres exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech or the press, or the right of petition. ARTICLl'i II holds that, "a well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right ot the people to keep and bear arms shall not be Infringed." ARTICLE IV affirms the right of the people to be secure in their person and property against unreasonable seizure and search, and that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause and under oath. ARTICLE V decrees that no person shall be held to answer for a serious crime except on Indictment of a grand Jury, nor be twice put In Jeopardy of life for the same offence, nor compelled to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or happiness without due process of law, and that private property shall not be taken for public use without Just Compensation. ARTICLE VI provides that in criminal'prosecutions the accused shall have a speedy public trial in the district where the srlleged crime wiiS Committed, shall be Informed of the nature of the accusation, and shall have the assistance of counsel and of witnesses In his favor. ARTICLE VIII says: "Excessive ball shall not b« required, nor excessive lines imftosed, nor cruci and unusual punishment inflicted." ARTICLE X reads: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by It to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people." From 1803 to the CJvil war no amendments were added. Three were then adopted as part of the federal government's reconstruction policy. Article XIII prohibits slavery. Article XIV denies to the states the power to abridge the privileges or Immunities of citizens or to deprive any person^ of life, liberty or property without due process at law. Article XV denies to the states the power to abridge "on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude" the right of citizens to vote. In 1913 the Sixteenth and Seventeenth amendments were adopted. They provide for the levying of an income tax and the direct election of senators. • The Eighteenth amendment, providing for na« tlonal prohibition, became effective by ratification Jan. 10, 1919. The Nineteenth amendment, providing for woman suffrage, became effective by ratification August 26, 1920. Many movements looking to the further amendment of the Constitution are under way. For example, one provides for the prohibition of child labor; It has Just been passed by congress and must now be ratified by the states. A second, fostered by the National Woman's party, would put women on an equal footing with men before tho law. A third would allow congress to override aft opinion of unconstitutionality by the Supremo court by repassing the act in question. Watch Cutlcura Improve Your Skin. On rising arfd retiring gently smear the face with Cutlcura Ointment. Wash off Ointment in five min^tpw with Cutlcura Soap and hot water. It Is wonderful what Cutlcura will do for poor complexions, dandruff, itching and red. rough hands.--Advertisement. How American Fliers Gained Day on Trip "A newspaper date liue--'Parama- Shru Island, Kuriles, May 17'--has done more to make the internatloual date line an understandable reality to millions of readers than could numerous chapters In school geographies," says a bulletin from the Washington headquarters of the National Geographic society. - "This unusual date line appeared In the morning papers of May 17 that had gone to press about 4 o'clock in the morning. The dispatch told of the arrival the same day, Saturday, at 11:35 in the morning, of America's round-the-world _ fliers -- apparently seven and a half hours after the papers were printed. "But because the fliers hod hurdled the date line Immediately after leaving the last Aleutian island they had Jumped twenty-four hours Into the future. Their arrival was really about sixteen and one-half hours before the papery went to press. They had begun to speak a different language f r o m A m e r i c a -- t h e i r 1 1 S a t u r d a y was the same as 11:35 Friday in the Uuited States." ^ONARQfr > DUTCH PROCESS COCOA T*HE smart buyer is die ^ one who ikopi until IM discover* a combination of high quality and low price. Most houaewivea are •chrewd buyers. That's whv they are turning mora ana Mora to Monarch Cocoa. Monarch is a genuine Dutch Process Cocoa. It coats only •bout hall ss much aa you would expect to pay lor such •vj quality. That « the realtor its growing ropulufcj. Important to All Women Readers of This Paper $wamp-Root a Fine Medicine Thousands upon thousands of women have kidney or bladder trouble and never autpect it. Women's complaints often prove to be nothing else but kidney trouble, or the result of kidney or bladder disease. If the kidneys are not in a healthy condition they may cause the'other organs to become diseased. You may suffer pain in the back, headache and loss of ambition. Poor health makes you nervous, irritable and may be despondent; it makes any one to. But hundreds of women claim that Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, by restoring health to the kidneys, proved to be just the remedy needed to overcome such conditions. Many send for a sample bottl4 to see what Swamp-Root, the great kidney, liver and bladder medicine will do for them. By enclosing ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., you may receive •ample size bottle by parcel post. You can purchase medium and large siie bottles St all drug stores.--Advertisement. Want Weather Report Prof, llurold W. Melvin, head of the English department of the engineering school of the Northwestern university In Chicago, has found out h.v taking a poll of his classes that the weather report Is ivad by more students than any other type of news appearing In the dally newspaper. Sporting news attracted the first attention of about half of t|ie students. Couldn't Be Sure "Do you dance all the latest?" "No, I was home all day yesterday." AMERICAN PROCESS a*i Grocers-- Monarch Coffee, Carsdpk Sweet Pic Whs. Condimenu, FruiBpVectraibleo •nd all proaFucf? our kitchens are sold only by Regular Retail Grooare who own and oparac* their own atorea. W% tmm$ mtt la Chmm Sfsfn. • olsn a'a • a • a 4 i a a a e a e e « a i > REED, MURDOCH & CO. * Eitabiuked 1853 Chicago -- Boston -- Pittsburgh -- New York T17HY the diScnon is the pikes of Monxrdi end Farm House Cocoas? Farm Ho use Cocoa is priced lower than Monarch becsuaa it is a different o£ ~aa<U bf iha Anate Prooaat. H joa prefer -- ess to Dutch Proceqa Cocot, always fcuy Faro House. People who use /uAerican ProOesa Cocoa e-tchisfvety are entbuftiasrc sboijt Fain Howe. The hifh qvsttyeeH low price form a coca* fw don*t ohen find. THEY LOOK AT YOUR SHOES! SHIHOKA AMERICA'S HOME SHOE POLISH JK 1L Keeps All Kinds of Shoes Neat and New Looking Shmola for Black, Tan, White, Ox-Blood and Brown Shoes Shinola and the Shinola HOME SET make the Ideal Combination for the care of shoe*. Shinola shines quick with little work. Shine your Shoes often. The Latest Creation * Caller--So the angels have brought you a new baby sister. Jim (disgustedly)--To see the fnss Sis mnkes over her you'd think she came from Paris. * Fifty Year• to Come Regulus is at a dlstai.ee of aodir OOO.OOO.KUO.OOO miles from the earth. Its light takes about Hfty yean to travel to us at thtf rate of miles a second. Children Cry for "Castoria" Especially Prepared for Infants and Children of All Ages Mother! Fletcher's Castorla has been in use for over 30 years as a pleasant, harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Teething Drops and Soothing Syrups. Contains no narcotics. Proven directions are on each package. Physicians everywhere recommend It. The kind yon always bougiit bears signature at Helpful Advice to / Overworked Women, July Second Also Independence Day July 2, in a way, Is Declaration nt Independence day. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee Introduced in the Continental congress these resolutions : "That these United Colonies are. and of right ought to be, free nad Independent states, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain Ic, and ought to be, totally dissolved." These resolutions, seconded by John Adams, were put aside for a time. On June 10 a committee was appointed to prepare a declaration "to the effect of the said flr6t resolution." On July 2 the Lee resolutions were considered and passed. The resolutions were short, but they constituted a declaration of the independence of the United Colonies. Two days later, July 4, the Declaration substantially aa drafted by Thomas Jefferson was adopted. Mystery shrouds some of the proceedings of the Continental congress In connection with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. We think it was Caesar Rodney of Delaware whose vote turned the scale in favor of tlie adoption of the original resolutions of Richard Henry Lee. Rodney had gone to Delaware and was not expected to return to Philadelphia for some days. On July first It was realized by the friends of the resolution that his presence might be necessary to secure their adoption. A mounted messenger was dispatched t# urge him to return Instantly to Philat* delphla. The messenger made a record- breaking ride to the home of Rod" ney, who duplicated the pace of tha rider in order to reach PliiladelpMf in time to vote "aye" on the resolutions. Rodney has been called "Th# Man Who Made the Fourth." Of course, July Fourth is the reai Declaration of Independence day, bat July 2, nevertheless, has Its claim ts fame as one of Liberty's days,4 I) AY in and day out, week in and week out tired, over-worked housewife and mother toils on, sweeping, dusting, cooking, cleaning and mending. Ia it any wonder that after a time a weakness, such as Mrs. Chapman had, develops and the wife and mother pays a toll in physical weakness and pain for her efforts of love, tihe. natural result of overwork f Women who find themselves afflicted with weakness, pain, headaches, backache, nervousness, irritability and melancholia will bo int<-mrt<xl in Mrs. Chapman's letter, and should realize that Lydia E. Piakhain's Vegetable Compound, made from roots and herbs, is ««peri»lly adapted to overcome such conditions. Mrs. Chapman's Letter Reads as Follows: _N1BW ALBAKY, IND.--"I took Lydla E. Plnicham's Vegetable Compound ftr WMlciieBs which many women have from over work, and from whfchl suffered for quite a while. I wasn't lit to do my worl* and my sister advised me to take this medicine. After the first few dayb the pains were not so severe aa they bad been and after taking a few bottles I am not bothered any more. I am doing my housework every day and higrhly recommend tho Vegetable Compound to any woman suffering from female trouble. Only yesterday a friend called me on the 'phone end knowing what It did for me wanted to know what to ask for at the drug-etore, as she meant to give It a trial."--MRS. C. EL CHAPMAN. 1920 El a Street, New Albany, Indiana. Another Caso of Nervous Breakdown , MEMPHIS, ?"ENN.--"Two yeara ago I waa completely ran-4oim ill my nerves were a wreck. I could not sweep a room without resting, I eonM netlra any of my work except a little at a time and the doctor's medicine did not help me. fine day some one threw a little book on to my porch and in it I read several testimonials of women who had been like mv-elf. I went right out and got me a. bottle of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and before I had taken th» whole of that bottle I knew It waa helping me. I took six bottles and then in, about three months I took tyro more. Now I am in perfect health. I do all my own work and could do more. I can truly say that 1 know Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound gave me my be&llh."--MiCS. O. J. HtXi'Ki h.v. S. Georgia St., mm pnhhilsa. TT*eMn«nI . " Thousands of Women owe their Hi to lydia E. Pinkham's o --il MEDICINE CO* LYNN,