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To express lithe precise meaning thftt one in- ij tends to convey a dictionary- of • Synonyms is need* d to avoid rei>e- jtiti'tn. The sin ngett figure of ! speech is antithesis In triis dic- llionavy the sppended Antonyms j will, therefore, be found extremely uluahle. Contains many other features such as Mythology, Familiar Allusions and For­ eign PhvHses, Prof, l.ols-tte's Memory System, • i'ne Art ol Never Forgetting." etc., etc. This wonderful little book bound in a neat Cloth binding and sent postpaid for $0.2Cv Full Lea'her, gilt tdtre, $0 40. postpaid. Order at once Petid for our large book catalogue, free. Addre-s all orders to THE WERNER COMPANY, AKKOH, OHIO. !®0UTH AFRICA STRUGGLES. tion of 1884 that doubt was long ago dis­ pelled by men in a position to know--by even Mr. Chamberlain himself. On February 4, 1884, before the convention was adopted, the Transvaal deputation addressed a letter to Lord Derby saying they expected the treaty would abolish the suzerainty in his reply o# a weeji later Lord Derby said: "By the omission of those articles in the convention of 1881, which assigned to her Majesty and the British govern­ ment certain specific powers and func­ tions connected with the internal gov­ ernment and the foreign relations, your government will be left free to govern the country without interference, to conduct its diplomatic intercourse and sh.-.pe its foreign policy, subject only to the requirements embodied in the fourth article of the new draft that any treaty with a foreign state shall not have ef­ fect without the approval of the Queen." This was England's official announce­ ment of the abandonment of the suze­ rainty and all right of interference in internal affairs. In September of last year (see London Times of September 31) Sir William Vernon-Harcourt, who was a member of the Gladstone Cabinet when the convention was signed, said: "As for the new convention. You have a convention in which the word 'suzerainty' has disappeared You have a reservation of the control of the Trans­ vaal, and what was the result of that new convention? The result of that new convention was strted by Lord Derby (quoting Lord Derby). There­ fore I think you may take it with ab­ solute certainty that the new convention of 1884 was this: It kept the control of foreign affairs under the veto of the British government, and in respect of their internal affairs struck out the word 'suzerainty,' leaving or giving to the people of the Transvaal absolute in­ ternal authority--home rule, in fact for themselves." In 1890 Lord Sailsbury was in power and certain questions arose between the Transvaal and England. W. H. Smith was the Conservative leader of the House of Commons, and as the representative of the government said on the floor of the House: ' 'The convention of London made in 1884 between her Majesty and the South African Republic contains no express reservation of the Queen's right of suze­ rainty, and though her Majesty retains under the convention the power of re­ fusing to sanction treaties made by the South African Republic with foreign states and nations and with certain na­ tive tribes, the cardinal principle of that settlement was that the internal govern­ ment and legislation of the South Afri­ can Republic shall not be interfered with." Again Mr. Buxton, speaking on behalf of the government in the House of Com­ mons, concerning the convention of 1884, said: "That was an interpretation of the existing relation* between England and the Transvaal, which he thought clear­ ly laid down the principles which guid­ ed our conduct in the matter. Though they might differ from the way in which the Transvaal carried out their princi­ ples of administration, he did not see that under existing circumstances the government had a right forcibly to inr terfere with regard to those questions." VIEWS OF CHAMBERLAIN. At the time of the Jameson raid Mr. Chamberlain, Colonial Secretary, in a dispatch declared the Transvaal repub­ lic to be "a foreign state, a foreign power, with which Her Majesty is at peace and in treaty relations." Again in February, 1896, on the floor of the House, Mr. Chamberlain said: "I do not say that under the terms of the con­ vention we are entitled to force reforms on President Kruger, but we are entitled to give him friendly counsel If this friendly counsel was not well re­ ceived, there was not the slightest in­ tention on the part of Her Majesty's government to press it I am per-5 fectly willing to withdraw it, and to seek a different solution if it should not prove acceptable to the President, The rights of our action under the conven­ tion are limited to the offering of friend­ ly counsel, in the rejection of which, if accepted, we must be quite wil- ling to acquiesce." In May of the same year he said: "In some quarters the idea is put forward that the government ought to have is­ sued an ultimatum to President Kruger, an" ultimatum which would have cer­ tainly been rejected and which must have led to war. Sir, I do not propose (to discuss such a contigency as that. A I war in South Africa would be one of the ; most serious wars that could possibly j be waged. It would be in the nature of a civil war; it would be a long war, a | bitter war. and a costly war. It would i leave behind it the embers of a strife ' which I believe generations would hard- ; ly be long enough to extinguish. To go to war with President Kruger in order to force upon him reforms in the inter­ nal affa irs of his state, in which secre- : taries of state, standing in this place, ; have repudiated all right of interference --that would be .a course of action as 1 immoral as it woyld have been unwise." ! From the plain language of the con­ vention and from the interpretation | placed upon it by successive English Ministers, it is plain that the Transvaal Republic, so far as all its internal affairs are concerned, is as independent as the United States, with the same right to extend or withhold the suffrage, to im­ pose taxes, to grant concessions, that any independent government has. CLAIMS OF tTITLANDERS. Snch was the status of the Transvaal Republic under the convention of 1884, ' 'a foreign state, a foreign power, with which her Majesty is at peace and in treaty relations"--a free and independ­ ent people. The rich gold discoveries of 1885 and 1886 (prior to these years gold mining in the Transvaal attracted few settlers) at Moodies and Barbertqn, and later at Witwatersrand, brought; in speculators, traders and miners with a rush. Within two jTears 10,000 or 12,- 000 came in. These immigrant® have been called by the Dutch term uitland­ ers--in plain English, outsiders, im­ migrants. At the present time the pop­ ulation is divided, as has been wittily said, into three classes: First, those who are only waiting for the time when they will be able to leave the country-- the uitlanders; second, those who hope that lime may speedily come--the Boers; and, third, those who have no hope at all--the negroes." It is estimated there are at present about 70,000 Boers and 170,000 uitlanders, principally English (about four-fifths), but with large num­ bers of Germans, French, Americans and Scandinavians. On behalf of the uitlanders it is claimed they pay nearly all the taxes, own nearly all the personal property, have developed and built up the coun­ try, and yet have no vote or voice in the government. Without detailing them at length we will assume that the griev­ ances of the uitlanders have not been overstated, that they exist as depicted that the Boers are as tyrannical as descri government is a cor oligarchy. Yet the 170,000 uitlanders- mostly men, 'int? grouped in close touch with each otb«*r. having nine-tenths of the personal prop­ erty and ample opportunities for organ­ ization--have lived in meek subjection to the 70,000 widely scattered Boers--- farmers--without rebellion and with­ out insurrection. When Dr. Jameson, in December, 1895, came over the bord­ er with his 500 well-armed men for the sole purpose of aiding the 170,000 uit­ landers at the eleventh hour a corporal's guard of 100 went out to meet him and these and the Johannesburg committee promptly laid down their arms without so much as a skirmish. Then the com­ mittee complained that Dr. Jameson came too soon--to soon! as if any day could be too soon for 100,000 men con­ centrated together to rise against 30,- 000 scattered farmers; as if either En­ glishmen or Americans would stop to count the odds or the cost if really op­ pressed to the point of insurrection. GRIEVANCES OF UITLANDERS. And, by the way, where are these 100,- 000 uitlanders serving at the present moment V But no matter what the uit­ landers are now doing, the point is that at no time from the discovery of gold to the outbrea.k of the war did their griev­ ances compel them to an insurrection-- in fact, at no time were the grievances such that the German, or the French, or the American, or the Scandinavian uit­ landers addressed any memorials to their government for intervention or protec­ tion. Assuming the grievances to have been all that has been described, the country was at peace. With the coun­ try at peace, with no insurrection, no rebellion, no bloodshed, no lives threat­ ened, with all uitlanders--English, Ger­ man, French, American, Scandinavian --treated alike, England had no right to intervene on behalf of her subjects and demand they be given the right to vote, or any other privileges. But the con­ ditions under which England might in­ tervene have been tersely stated by Mr. Chamberlain. RIGHT OF INTERVENTION. On March 20, 1899, in reply to a ques­ tion as to Great Britian's right to inter­ vene in the affairs of the Transvaal, Mr. Chamberlain from his seat in Parliament said: "There are certain cases where we can intervene in Transvaal affairs: "1. In the first place, we may inter­ vene if there is any breach of the con­ vention. "2. There is no doubt we should have the usual right of interference if. the treatment of British subjects in the Transvaal was of such a nature as would give us the right to interfere as to the treatment of British subjects in France or Germany. "3. Then there is only one other case --the third case. We can make friend­ ly recommendations to the Transvaal for the benefit of South Africa generally and in the interests of peace. '1 In concluding Mr. Chamberlain said: ' 'I do not feel at the moment that any case has arisen which would justify me in taking the strong action suggested." We may accept Mr. Chamberlain's proposition as a <,fair statement of the rules governing international relations; and we may accept his further state­ ment that no case had arisen which warranted intervention. Needless to say, between Mr. Chamberlain's state­ ment in the House and the outbreak of the war seven months later, British sub­ jects in the Transvaal were subjected to no new oppressions--conditions had not changed for the worse; on the contrary, just before the beginning of the war the Boer g •vernm'ent passed certain laws tending to relieve the uitlanders--not much, it was claimed, but certainly no new oppressions were devised. Having ascertained the rights of Eng­ land under the convention as-interpre­ ted by all the British Ministers and by Mr. Chamberlain, what follows? Inter­ vention and demands absolutely incon­ sistent with England's rights as defined by Mr. Chamberlain himself. 1. A demand that the uitlanders shall be admitted to citizenship after five years'residence. 2. The recognition £ England's suze­ rainty and right to intervene in the in­ ternal affairs of the South African Re­ public. The Boers yielded the first demand, but would not yield the second. Step bf step England forced the Boers to the wall in the negotiations which followed, and, finally, when the Boers, to preserve the independence they had won under the convention of 1884 and which they had enjoyed without -question, for four­ teen years, showed a disposition to yield everything, England specifically insist­ ed upon the long-abandoned suzerainty and upon the right to intervene in the internal affairs of the republic. CONTROVERSY OF 1899. In the spring of 1899, at the request of England, President Kruger, Sir Alfred Milner as High Commissioner for England, and the President of the Orange Free State met at Bloemfontein in friendly conference. ' 'The conference broke up over the eternal franchise dif­ ficulty, " says Sidney Brooks. President Kruger "proposed that certain of the matters in dispute should be submitted to arbitration." Sir Alfred Milner was obliged to answer, in effect, that on any matters of real importance there should be arbitration between a suzerain state awl its dependency." tiui'h pistoling controversy does not i^su^Bte&ndiiig the Here is a Rare Opportunity for f. 1 1 The Ciothisigr^Wearer! Irl m $ s I m m % t m ' § We have always advocated the best way to buy your Clothing, to have the garment laid before you, and we still stick to that opinion. We still have a fair assortment of Overcoats, and a goodly number of winter weight &uits on our counters, that will be sold Regardless ft Cost for the next thirty days, in order to make room for our large spring stock we are now con- - tfacting for with the manufacturers. | For the economical Grocery Buyer we have | made up the following list to be sold in $5.00 lots only. 30 lbs best white Granulated Sugar. . ?»fl 00 20lbs good Rice. 1,00 4 lbs good bulk Coffee..'..,.... 1.00 21 lbs Uncolored Japan Tea 1. 00 20 bars good Soap...........,....... .50 8pkgs "Blossom Brand" Mince Meat. . .50 Yours for business, # JOHN J. MILLER, - West McHenry, III. £ * m A Fish Storyl satisfy Etigland^^HP Eng favorable to the goveramen law; "The tendency of thesAconcessions is that, with certain minor amendments, the bill meets Sir Alfred Milner's Bloem­ fontein scheme in every particular, with the exception that it substitutes a seven years' residential qualification for a five." But this did not satisfy England. On the conclusion of the conference Milner advised his government that it was necessary to give "some striking proof of the intention of her Majesty's govern­ ment not to be ousted from its position in south Africa, and the best proof, alike the proof of power and justice, would be obtained from the uitlanders in the Transvaal a fair share in the government of the country, which owes its existence to their exertions." "In other words," remarks the same writer, "the Transvaal - is to be coerced into granting a moderate franchise." On August 22. 1899, Sir Alfred Milner telegraphed Mr. Chamberlain the ful text of the concessions finally made by the Transvaal, granting: 1. Five years' retrospective franchise, as proposed by England June 1, 1899. 2. Eight new seats for the uitlanders in the first Volksraad and additional seats in the second if necessary. 3. Equal rights to vote for President and Commandant General. 4. ' 'This government will always be prepared to take into consideration such friendly suggestions • regarding the de­ tails of the franchise law as her Majes­ ty's government, through the British agent, may wish to convey to it." 5. "In putting forward the above pro­ posals, the* government of the South African Republic assumes (a) that her Majesty's government will agree that the present intervention shall not form a precedent for future similar action* and that in future no interference in the internal affairs of the republic will take p'ace: (b) that her Majesty's government will not further insist on the assertion of the suzerainty, the controversy on the subject being allowed tacitly to drop." These proposals Mr. Chamberlain, Au­ gust 2, accepted substantially as made as satisfactory, so fast as the franchise question was concerned, but added: "With regard to the conditions of the government of the South African Re­ public, as regards intervention, her Ma- hat--the--ful­ fillment of the promises made and the just treatment of the uitlanders in the future will render unnecessary any fur- ture intervention in their behalf, but her Majesty's government cannot, of course, debar themselves of the ordinary obligations of a civilized power to pro­ tect it& subjects in a foreign country from injustice." With regard to tlgt stfzerainty he refers to his dispatch of July 13. He concludes significantly: "Her Majesty's government also desires to remind the government of the -South African Re­ public that there are other matters of difference between the two governments, which will not be settled by the „grant of political representation to the uit­ landers and which are not proper sub­ jects for reference to arbitration," etc. This led to the Boer ultimatum of Tuesday, Oct. 10, requiring England to withdraw the troops which she was rapidly massing upon the frontiers of the South African Republic. Step by step the Boers had yielded every de- niaud made by England, short of sur­ rendering the independence which they had achieved in the convention We wish to remind the people of this vicinity that We constantly keep on hand a complete stock of the best brands of dried, smoked or salted fish, including White Fish, Mackerel, grring, etc. You will also find here e line of canned GILBERT, BROS. McHenry, Illinois^ ilUSICAL IN Watch Repair The Latest In Sheet Music Instrumental and Vocal. N. A. HUEMANN West McHenry, Illinois. WE SELL TH^M! Pure Drugs and Medicines Finest Perfumes Toilet Articles Paints and Oils Notions galore -- School Supplies, Etc. West McHenry , 111. GEO. W. BESLEY DAILY EXCURSIONS TO CALIFORNIA Through first-class and Tourist Sleeping Cars to points in California and Oregon (Continued on sixth paj •• ' every day in the year* .....PERSONALLY (ONDUGfD EXCURSIONS-- Every Thursday LOWEST R TES SHORTEST TIME ON THE RO D FINEST SCENERY Only route by which you can leave home anyday in the week and travel JIl'V.V tourist cars on fast trains all the way. For descriptive pamphlets and foil ^ formation inquire of nearest agent. , (HKACO & NORTH WESERN RAILWAY, I V . . • ' ' •• ; . ,