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- ••} • . - ,p - -» f* 4 i t"»»s »*,4F « «» J"~ &' ;f,i f*? v * ̂ s?tr ' v •,-« ^•"•,,, •**$; ,r 'J i-Vr ... «; ,.^ . .•_. ,:v '• •. 1.- »-< V •• 4- *•• $, • • •:: •>•.• • • i-y'i-.itf-.ii :•' *r' ; * - «" • - » • ^ / iuf» Tf/fOMttrsmfs ///r/tfWM& sf///c/r tt/rrsi0C/rwwAm£di/PMm7zm mfffiSrMD dFCO/YD rofd. Z//D//J ><c?y 2,1: _.., M?ros CQPmc//rfi> OT many cobblers of the present day know that they have a patron saiit, but they have. Saint Crispin was his name and he held forth way back in tie third century eachlng Christianity In the day- ne and making shoes at night. S< >me said he stole the leather, while others declared that he got it from, heaven. The former assertion was probably instigated by the less saintly cobblers, for St Crispin sold his shoes very cheap. The shoe trade had quite a high , , station in the old days. Qeorge • Fox, the first of the Quakers, was • shoemaker. Hans Sachs, the most eminent poet Of Germany, was a cobbler. So was William Gif- *°rd* the famous editor of the Quarterly. Shoes, as we know them, are purely a western Institution. But there is a reason and incidentally a queer juxtaposition. A Christian takes his hat off when he enters a church or a house; an Asiatic shows his reverence by taking his shoes off. Ob­ viously it would be quite a nuisance to stoop down and unlace your shoes every time you called on a friend or went to church. So the Asiatics wear •hoes that can be kicked off as easily as we can remove our hats. Some are made with straw soles and sell for about ten cents a pair; others are made of wood; while still others are made of leather of various kinds. When shoes are reduced to such simple proportions. It is but natural to expect some rather crude effects. Peasants often cut strips of wood. 6H0£ FACTO/?*, cma. SflifOfdWi id/m/& It was from tnis queer style that the high heel developed, only in those days the heel was sever* al inches higher than those now worn. Of course, the smallest shoes of all are worn.by Chinese, women. Some of these are ouly two inches long. The present empress is trying to break up the cruel custom of misshapening tfte feet. Probably in another generation these di­ minutive shoes will be a curiosity, but up to ^ few years ago, a Chinese girl whose feet were four inches long found it a difficult proposition to get married, while the parents of the girl with the two-inch foot was overrun with applicants. As a compensation to the?e Chinese women for the tortures they underwent during the time their feet were being maltreated they took great pride in embroidering beautiful designs upon their shoes. Very few shoes for women are on sale in China, as nearly all women make their own. In the northern countries, coarse leather boots are the customary footwear, partly on account of the cold, but principally because a low shoe is pf too shallow draft to navigate the poor roads. A large percentage of these boots are of home man­ ufacture, roughly stitched and crude in appear­ ance. Just why shoes for poor persons.came Into is a question that remains unanswered. way/am# mmw mm _ ,, , ^ vogue .o a. '|u<ouuu wim. leiuttiuB unanswered. 2 " , tho,?g about th® blg toe and the boa1"4 They originated in the Grecian sandal and have and trudge along as comfortably as the man who developed with the increasing tenderness of feet to buys the ready-made shoes of America, and in some cases even more so. Another scheme is to use a block of wood and stick a knob in it so It will rise between the big toe and its neighbor and by a dexterous and practiced use of the toe muscles, It answers very well indeed. In Brittany the making of shoes Is a village oc­ cupation. The whole family chips in on the work, from the six year old child to the great grand­ father, and between them they make the most of the wooden shoes that are on the market. An American bov would probably fall down and skin his knees If he were to try to play in wooden shoes, but the little Dutch and Belgian boys romp about the streets to their heart's content in them and never even drop them off. We have been wearing practically the same kind of shoes for so many years that we are liable to forget that they varied in styles as radically as women s hats do now. During the time of Edward IV. in England, the parliament had to pass a law regulating the ' length of shoes. Some of them were made so long as to be dangerous. Princes sometimes wore them even two feet in length, with the ends stuffed out with straw One worthy Scotch king doubled his back and attached the points to his belt. But of^course that style was in vogue before the days of trolley cars. Then, In the next generation when the law pre­ vented long, pointed shoes, (hey began to broaden and this continued until they had to pass another law to stop the broadening It was at about this time and later that choppines came in. These were high supports under the soles, lifting the wearers some six or eight inches nearer the clouds. the heavy leather affair we all know. Yet an Irish lassie who goes about barefooted all her days lias a natural sole upon her foot from a quarter to a half Inch thick. And she does not have corns, either. But Americans need not complain of the In­ stitution. We made 242,110,035 pairs of shoes In 1905, or a pair for every Inhabitant of America, France, Germany, Austria, and a few of the small­ er countries. The value of the Industry was $320,- 170,458. All that was for one year's output, or more money than there was in th* world when the first sandal was made. The American shoe Is now walking the streets of every capital of the world; it Is In the shops in every center of trade; and even on the thresholds of far eastern temples, the American shoe lies beside the crude woodeh sandals, and late comers stop a moment to examine it and try it on, if no one is looking. One of the greatest problems which modern civilization has had to face is the clothing of feet. In the days centuries upon centuries ago, when man was only a wild beast of the jungle, he wore no shoes and therefore was not bothered with corns. But today when every part of the body is covered except the hands and head, man's wearing of shoer has become a necessity. Thus some of the functions of modern civlliza- tions' "pedes" are disappearing. Toenails, no longer being an actual need among tribes which wear shoes, are disappearing and a scientist a few years ago declared that within 100 years there will be no toenails. Even the American Indian who, a hundred y^ars ago, wore moccasins, to-day clothes his feet in ^brogans and he would laugh at his brother red­ skin who took to wearing animals' skins on his feet. There are few tribes In the world to-day, ex­ cept In the darkest portions of Africa, who still spurn the wearing of shoes in some form or other. Of course, every nation has its own special kind of shoes, some of which consist of nothing more than a flat piece of board and a, strap. That sort are; classed under the general caption of "sandals." Hundreds of years ago, when people wore no shoe^ thpy never complained of rheumatism; they never hpd ingrowing toenails, neither did they cultivate corns and seldom could they boast of an attack of gout. They called it "evil spirit" then. But the advance of civilization had Its drawbacks. The feet were clothed, but at the same time the wearing of the shoes brought on disease of these supports and some authorities doubt whether civilization's feet are any better off to-day than they were a thousand years ago when they were filled with silvers, brambles and the like, but were not nearly as wide a topic for discussion a* they are to-day, for then people didn't mind the little inconveniences. To-day, great progress hav­ ing been made In that line, smaller ailments of the feet are a source of complaint. The most civilized portions of the world have developed a tenderness of the feet which has be­ come a tradition In the circles which have made the greatest progress. People who wear pointed shoes are compelled to suffer the same agonies that would come If their toes were bound together with adhesive tape and they were compelled to walk about thus conditioned. Others who wear shoes too small have swelling of the feet when they take off their shoes. Shoes too large produce corns, just as do small shoes. Young ladies and some older ones who follow the fashions with good intent, equip themselves with French-heeled shoes, whlcft r»l«e the heels into the air from three to six Inches. This of course gives them a beautiful Instep, they claim, and it also keeps them walking on their toes. It twists the spine and exerts pressure upon the base of the brain which brings on fearful head­ aches If the practice Is kept up for any length of time each day. Skeptical persons with set Ideas on shoes are talking of asking the next session of congress to put a tariff on French heels which will effectively bar them from this country. But there are so many wives of congressmen and sen ators who declare that French heels are far more comfortable than half-Inch heels, that the bill has about i.s much show as the traditional snowball. Morning Tonic. The duty of the young man toward his future self Is the greatest duty that he has. It is greater than his duty to parents, friends or society, for It Includes all these. We should so live that '«ur future selves shall have nothing to reproach us for. Keep clean, keep the body clean from vice, from drink, from drugs. Keep the mind clean.' Benefit in Radiumized Water ib Magdeburg, Gavmany, two ]>!;y>i clans are using what mlgM be called raalumlzed water in the treatment of .gout, and rheumatism. Recent ex ,'perinients by medical men of reputa­ tion are stated to have established the fact that the gaa emitted from radium jpJssess^s the' same qualities as the radium itself and is the principal heal factor In the various mineral wu tela used in the healing of diseases. 1: has been found that the various (funeral waters lose the radium gas in transportation, and after long ex­ periments a means . has been devised for charging distilled water with radium gas through a comparatively inexpensive apparatus placed in drug stores, hospitals, etc. A small piece of radium Is placed in this Ingenious device and the ray», pef-meate distilled Hater for a short space of time, wtuen the water is drawn eff and used for drinking or bathing, as prescribed by the physician. The Child and the Law. While discussing the juvenile court before the charities and corrections conference of Washington. Judge S. J. Chadwick of Colfax said "less law, not more law," was the fundamental Idea underlying the modern system of deal­ ing with the juvenile delinquent, and he added that "what is needed Is the sweeping away of the rigors and hard­ ships of fixed rules," so that judges may have "unrestrained discretion to deal with each case In his own way considering the child. Its environment its opportunities. Its disposition and its hopes." ~ 1 Such is the modern progressive view, and Its soundness is too appar­ ent to call for special emphasis. The hard rules of ihe law are not for the child. Applied to the child, they, often confirm untoward predispositions and tendencies. The broadest possible dla- cretion should be given courts create I to deal with juvenile delinquent*.-' Seattle |Pogt-Iutelli|aBMr. ILLINOIS STATE NEWS Bioomlngton.--James H. Gaherty, an employe of the Illinois Central, purchased a pair of shoes for three dollars from a local firm. Alleging a defect, Gaherty refused payment and was sued. He lost his case In the justice court, costs being assessed against him of $6.86. He appealed to the county court and lost there, his costs there being $11.90. Still confi­ dent of victory, he has appealed to the circuit court. Vlrden.--Virden township gives: Bryan, 441; Taft, 298; Stevenson, 483; Deneen, 349; Perry, 454; Oglesby, 389; Beidler, 440; Rose, 399: Jeffris, 446; McCullough, 392; Mount. 444; Russell, 397; Hall, 446; Stead, 393; Pickering, 447; Davis, 384; Baker, 451; Hippard, 390; Graham, 436; Wil- •on, 228; Crawford, 461; Paddock, 276. Hillsboro.-r-Pinioned under his en­ gine when it side-swiped on a switch of the Big Four railroad, Engineer Frank Suter was crushed to instant death. Suter was a former resident of this icty and was well known in rail road circles here. He was 36 years old and unmarried and resided with his mother in Mattoon. East St. Louis.--In an election argu­ ment, Joseph C. Tosnock stabbed his brother, Robert, Inflicting a fatal wound. Their father, J. w. Tosnock, was casting his ballot when the young j men fought. Attracted back to his > home by a crowd, he found Robert, wounded, lying on the ground. Canton.--The Parlin & Orendorff Company of Canton was so sure that the country's stability was assured in a commercial way that it did not wait to find out the final results of the election. The concern shipped a train consisting of 40 large cars loaded with agricultural Implements. Duquoin.---The board of directors of the Duquoln children's home, the southern Illinois institution of the Illinois Children's Home and Aid so­ ciety, has announced that the home of the society at Rantoul will be con­ solidated with the home here, effective at once. ON THE DRUMMERS HE MET % BY GEO* V. MOBAftT, ("HUGH M'HUGH.") Jerseyville.--Henry Herold, a clerk recently employed in the James H. Smith department store on State street here, was awarded $12,500 dam­ ages by a jury in the circuit court at Plattsmouth, Neb., against Henry Coats of Plattsmouth, for false impris­ onment. Mascoutah.--After selecting a cas­ ket and paying his funeral expenses in advance, Thomas Shuh, 60 years old, the "bachelor hermit' of this town, drank four ounces of poison and Afcas found dead several hours later by friends who forced the door to his room. Urbana. -- President Edmund J. James of the University of Illinois is­ sued an address on the subject of haz­ ing, to students. James declared the sport would not be tolerated and that any student found guilty of hazing would be dismissed from the univer­ sity. Springfield,.--The management of the Illinois corn show wishes the pub­ lic to bear in mind the fact that the entries close November 16. This hav­ ing become generally known, all pos­ sible chance for friction among disap­ pointed exhibitors will be eliminated. Illiopolis.--The residents of this place, even the most radical "te-too- tallsfs," feared they would be driven to drink If the present conditions con­ tinued. The town faced a water fam­ ine by virtue of the fact that the wells were going dry at aft alarming rate. Springfield.--The sheriffs force were looking for John Stonkus, whom It was claimed relieved Joseph Nord- kus, a saloonkeeper on South Eighth street between Washington and Ad­ ams streets, of $300. Stonkus is a resident of lies junction. Nashville.--J. L. Connors, represent­ ing an eastern syndicate, has been in Rlchvlew for several weeks, procuring oil options on lands. Reports from Richview say he has obtained numer­ ous options. Richview is near Centralia, where oil was struck. Taylorville.--In the circuit court three suits aggregating $2,600 were filed against the Illinois Central Rail­ road company, being based on Injuries which happened to a string of horses handled by Charles Wilson of Taylor- ville. Modesto.--Mead Shttmway, formerly of this city, who was sentenced to be hanged in Lincoln, Neb., following con­ viction on the charge of murder, was granted a stay of execution on the eve of his Intended execution. Havana.--Intelligence was received here announcing the death of Pfof. W. H. Williamson, 75 years old, formerly president of Dixon college and at one time superintendent of the Havana schools. Chicago.--Dr. Helen Kellogg, in her address on "Tuberculosis" before the Kilo association, said that one pf the greatest preventative and curative agents In the treatment of consump­ tion is fat. ' Springfield.--That the Chicago, Pe­ oria & St. Louis railway plans exten­ sive improvement of Its roadbed be­ tween this city and Peoria is shown in the purchase just made of a big gravel pit at Parkland, near Peoria. Paxton.--Upton Schaub of Watseka, who Is Interested In the Chicago, Kan-, kakee &, Champaign electric railroad, reports franchises for Ashkum, Dan- forth, Oilman and Chebanse received. Marion.--Charles M. Smith was killed In the Williamson county mines near Marlon. Wiley Fulkerson was killed in the Cartervllle district mines about the same time. Edwardsville.--To spite her daugh­ ter-in-law, who owned a dog of which she was very fond, Mrs. Walter Mason of Le Claire, caught the dog and beat and cut It so badly with a hatchet that It had to be killed. Springfield --Ella Bailey and Mabel Patterson, two negro women, were bound over to the grand jury In the sum of $200 each by Justice Frank E. Early on a charge of robbery. Mount Vernon.--A mule colt kicked a lantern over In the barn of Joseph ; Hoover an<t caused, five t>arns and a i number of other outbuildings to be ! burned. I Dear Bunch: I'm headed for home, but the hurdles are holding me back! I met a whole flock of "the boys" in Rochester yesterday morning, and since most of 'em were making a flying leap for New York, you can be­ lieve me it was a swift squad of sports that climbed into one of Mr. Pullman's ! sleep-wagons and permitted them- j selves to be yanked over the rails, j A bunch of brisk ones--believe me! | There was Charlie Hammond, Iead- ! Ing man with the "Kitty, the Kash Girl" Company; David Torrence, first j heavy with the melodrama entitled I "The Haunted Automobile; or, Who Stole the Muffler?" Frank Westerton, j first low sad with the "Crazy-Quilt Burlesquers;" Emmett Corrigan, who j is lecturing through the provinces on j "How to Play Bridge Without Impair- i lag the Tonsils;" Malcolm William, I the handsomest leading man in the show-business -- when completely | shaved; William Burress, the Bath- [ Robe King; Charlie Abbott, who sells that fine Monticello honey-dew, and Arthur Shaw. Shaw travels for a clothing house in Cincinnati, and they call him Slim because he's getting so fat that every time he turns around he meets him­ self coming back. He's all to the good--that boy is! And such a cut-up! Slim knows more "look-out!-- there's-a-lady-over-there!" stories than any other drummer in the business. Then there was Nick Dalrymple and Tod Gilpin--two live ones with a full set of sparks flying. Nick goes after the orders for a hardware house in Columbus, and he knows everybody in the world--bar one family living in Yonkers. Nick has only one trouble, he will paddle after the ponies. Whenever he makes a town where there's a poolroom his expense-account gets fat and beefy, and Nick begins to worry for fear he may win something. He won $12 in Cleveland once, and he spent $218 at a boozeologist's that night getting statistics on how it hap pened. Tod Gilpin cuts ice for a match-fac tory in Newark, and he's the life of a small party. Tod's main hold is to creep Into the "reading-room" of a Rube hotel after the chores are done of an evening and throw salve at the come-ons. Tod tells them that their town Is the brightest spot on the map, and they warm up to him and want to buy him sarsaparilla and root beer. Then when he gets them stuck on themselves he sells them matches. "Pipe the gang to quarters and all rubber!" said Slim, about half an hour after the train pulled out. In the seat ahead of us a somewhat demure-looking Proposition in rain- gasolihe gaze, but the old lady caugbt him with the goods. "Is id to my face you go behind my back to make googley-googley eyea ad somevun--yes?" she growled, and in a minute the brewer's Jjrow was busy with the window pane. "Sweetie looks at Petie and Sweetie sees that Petle's p'etty face is getting sunburned, so it is!", cuckooed Mrs. Daffv; "and Sweetie has a dood mind to tiss him, too!" They opened a newspaper, crawled under cover, and began to bite each other on the chin. 4 "Go as far as you like!" said sum, then he went down and out. The man who helped to malc& Wee- hawken famous had his head cut, the window watching for an ice-wagon, and Mrs. Brew was industriously "How's My "ittle Girly Wirly?' Du bist bow rags had been sampling the seen ery ever since we started! We had all given her the glad glance, but she was very much Cold Storage, so we passed it up. As Slim spoke, the Proposition was joined by a young chap with a loose face, who had been out In the smok­ ing-room working faithfully on one of those pajama panatella cigars that bite you on the finger if you show the least sign of fear. Just then the train stopped for a few minutes, and we were put wise muttering "Du blst ein Narr! ein Narr!" Just then the train pulled out and saved our lives. Dave, Frank, Bill, Slim, Charlie, Malcolm, and I rushed feverishly up to the other end of the car to cool off, and there we landed on the outskirts of a bunch of drummers, who were fanning each other with fairy-tales about the goods they sold. "I'll back three of the lads in thai collection to dream longer than any other drummers on the track. It's a pipe that they can sell bills to each other all day and never wake up. A guy named Mutt Dawson was holding forth. He's a most reckless spendthrift with his words, and the meanest man to the English language I ever listened to. Mutt was telling them about hypno­ tizing a John Wanamaker merchant prince in Pikesville, Ind., to the ex­ tent of $200 for open-work socks, farm­ er's size, and then a chap named Jack Dean sent his balloon up by telling ua how he sold the Slegel-Coopers, ol Bugsport, la., $300 worth of Panama hats for horses. The Hot Air association was in full session when Buck Jones caromed over from the other end of the car and welghed-ln with us. Buck Is a sweller. He tiynks he strikes 12 on all occa­ sions, but his clock Is all to the pazaz. Buck isn't a drummer--nay! nay! take back your gold! He'll look you straight in' the eye and tell you he's a traveling salesman --nix on the drummer! I think Buck sells canned shirt­ waists for the Shine Brothers. And now, Bunch, here is where I affix one of Uncle Sam's promises-to- carry to this document and drop It in the little green box. The Same Ever, J. H. (Copyright, 1908, by G. W. Dillingham Co.> IRRITABLE MAN HAS A "KICK." They Call Him Slim. to the fact that it was an incurable case of bride and groom. "Oh! Boozey is back to his Birdie!" said the brand-new wife. "Did Boozey like his smoky woky?" Boozey opened a bunch of grins and | sat down, while wifey patted his i cheek and cooed; *• j "Is ums glad to get back to ums j "ittle wifey-plfey?" Dave Torrence and Charlie Ham ! mond began to scream inwardly, with Slim chuckling like a pet porpoise. "Sweetie mustn't be angry with Petle, but Sweetie is sitting on Petle's 'ittle hand!" said the brifle, where­ upon Malcolm Williams exploded, and Slim began to grab for his breath. A Dutch brewer and his wife sat right ahead of Boozey and Birdie, and every once in awhile the old hop- puncher would turn around and beam benignly over the geld rims at the bride. "Boozey must snuggy-wuggy up closer to his Couzie and skeeze her 'itty arm --ho* no, not her waist! you naughty! naughty!" The brewer was back at the bride with another gold-rimmed goo-goo, when his wife got nervous and cut in: "Is id you turn your face to see someding--yes?" she snapped, and the foam-bullder ducked to the window and began to eat scenery. Westerton was almost out; Burress was under the seat sparring for wind; Slim was giving an Imitation of a coal- barge in a heavy sea, and the rest of the passengers were In various stages from hiccoughs to convulsions. "Is Boozey comfy wif his 'Itty weeny •.eenv Birdie?" chirped the brida. "Boozey is so happy wif his Izzy- wlzzy!" gurgled the husband; '"•how's my 'ittle glrley wirly?" "Oh! she's such a happy-wappy 'ittle flng!" giggled the dotty dame, pinch­ ing her piggie's ear, whereupon the brewer trled to hand the bride another Misuse of Apostrophe and Quotation Marks, Not to Mention "Kindly." "There are two things that are mis­ used a great deal," said the irritable man, "and the mishandling of them annoys me a lot. For one thing, some persons haven't the vaguest Idea of the proper use of the apostrophe. I've seen a word written this way, 'auto's,' which Is meant only to Indi­ cate the plural of auto. Now, there isn't the very slightest excuse for that and it makes me sore every time I see It. Then again, other folks don't know what to do with quotation marks. I have seen a sign on an ele­ vated station reading, ' "Keys" with the "agent." ' Now, what earthly use are those quotation marks about the words keys and agent? None, none at all.' There isn't any rhyme or reason in It." "Well," replied his listener, "there's another as bad as that. There's the use of the word 'kindly.' You hear a lot of folks using that atrocious vaude­ ville phrase: 'Thank you, kindly.* That makes me sick. I saw the other day in Brooklyn a sign, 'Gents will kindly not smoke.' Only gents would use that sort of language." i aijothe Curious Marriage Custom. An English traveler in northern Ni­ geria describes an interesting cus­ tom connected with marriage which he came across apiong the Fulani, a tribe of wanderlrig herdsmen who show no trace -of negro blood and are supposed to be of Aflatic origin. One might almost suppose that they had advanced ideas about the relations of the sexes. Before a man Is allowed to marry he has to stand a sound thrashing without wincing. In some parts of Europe this test of fitness for the wedded state might more reason* ably be applied to the woman. One is reminded of Thomas Edgeworth's friend, who in selecting a bride dropped hot sealing wax" on the girl's arm and fired a pistol off near her ear. Argument. ®iany a lawyer who puts up a good argument in court fa:la to be conYino* Ing at hojme.