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;, vw,?m*s ». i> > \ V V,. V Si - ' '% '- fr -k 1*?) ic RllMXT S the world on the eve of another commercial revolution due to an iccidental chemical discovery? Is synthe­ tic rubber going to a.ke its place upon equal terms of com­ petition with the juice o£ !ft<•> »„es and plants which so long fcave supplied the rubber commerce? <Jtt«t at the present time English and German chemlstB are disputing ®ver their claims to precedence In Binding a way to create from certain raw materials a chemical counterpart of natural rubber. The world at large la not directly concerned in the deter­ mination of this question of priority, but it has a very deep interest in the commercial practicability of these dis­ coveries. Two years ago Dr. F. E. Matthews ®f England, then associated with other distinguished chemists, among 'them Prof. W". H. Perkin, Sir William Ramsay and Prof. Fernbach, was seek­ ing to perfect a cheap process for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and by cliance left some isoprene and metallic sodium in contact for a period of about two months, going off In the meanwhile for his summer out­ ing. Upon his return Dr. Matthews was amazed to find that the isoprene had in the interval been converted Into solid rubber. The long sought key to the riddle was thus uncovered by an accident. Isoprene is an oily, volatile hydro­ carbon. It was obtained by distilla­ tion from caoutchouc fifty years ago by Williams, and the analysis of lso­ prene showed that it was chemically identical with the oil of turpentine. Theproblem since that day has been twofold; first* to derive isoprene from abundant raw materials, and then to effect Its conversion Into rubber through the medium of plentiful and cheap reagents. In order to compete prith nature's product ijt was neces­ sary that artificial rubber should be made in large quantities and at a oost *hich would put it on a par at toast Tdth tfie texpense of gathering trol and that the synthetic rubber fac­ tory would be located where It could reach easily its raw materials and its market for the finished output Climatic and geographical conditions have prescribed the zones in which the rubber plant can be successfully grown, even though Ite cultivation be subject to scientific methods and are free from the haphazard ways of the rubber hunter. ID England the present discoveries are hailed by Sir William Ramsay and his fellows not so much aa a prom­ ise of commercial advantage but as a professional achievement which puts the British chemist ahead of his rivals across the Channel. That the Germans have good reason to be satis­ fied with their own accomplishments in thiB very field Is undoubtedly true. The Germans claim that they have now a method for making rubber synthetically which will soon be ready to compete with the output of the tropical forests. Back In the '80's Tllden, an English­ man, gave long study to the problem of making synthetic rubber, but aban­ doned his work finally becauae he did not believe the attainment practicable. The individual was powerless to cope with so gigantic a problem and his resources were unequal to the task. Capital was necessary as well as the united efforts of m%ny men. In fact )n one factory alone in, Germany there were 300 ocllege "bred chemists concen­ trating upon the technical researches litres of it. This showed us that we had the right formulae, the scientific execution of which was no longer questionable. But with the making of isoprene our troubles were not ended; on the contrary, they were but beginning. " We wej« confronted with the pro­ blem of converting this liquid into that tough, elastic, plastic colloid whloh was to be a successful substi­ tute for rubber, In truth itB very counterpart. Theoretically the task was easy, because, as Bellsteln says. Isoprene is converted into caoutchouc by treating It with muriatic acid. Of course, -we tried that at onoe, but for our pains we got nothing but oily ohlorldeft--not a trace of rubber. We were apparently defied. " We tried all sor^s of likely and Imaginable physical and ohemical mediums in connection with laoprene, but the wilful stuff refused to thicken. Finally I discovered the power to per­ form this miracle hidden away in. heat. There was nothing new In heating isoprene, but the result we obtained thereby was new. Other authorities had tried heat, but all they got was either an otly or at best a resinous substance. " Polymerism In chemistry Is that property peculiar to ^ome compounds by which they differ In their mole­ cular weights and also In their chemi­ cal properties even when formed from the same elements and combined 1n the same proportions. In 6ther Thousands upon thousands periments have thus been brought to a crystallised knowledge which makes it possible and practicable to embark upon the manufacture of rubber syn­ thetically from available cheap mate­ rials. The plantations in the far east have been developing ©fer a period of fully thirty-five years, and In a sense they have the start of the artificial product in a quantitative estimate, but this advantage will not continue if the chemist manufactured can make rubber synthetically as cheaply as Dr. Hofmann predicts. In 1910 and 1911 the world produc­ tion of india rubber reached a total of about 80,000 tons and the, world consumption of caoutchouc was in the neighborhood of 75,000 tons. Figur­ ing the coat of this rubber at an aver­ age of |1 a pound the total value of the production reaches $160,000,000. Synthetic rubber,' 4t is believed, would make It possible to widen the field of application of rubber. Make­ shifts and substitutes of one sort or another are now used In many direc­ tions, because natural rubber is too expensive. Therefore, the public is Interested In the artificial product first because It will add stability to the price of the rubber from trees, and next it will make it possible to apply it in many ways now prohibited by price and the relatively limited out­ put of plantations and the wild growth. Whether the basic isoprene be made from a starchy substance after the English process or from a product of coal, as Dr. Hoffmann has chosen, there will be Immense quantities of by-products which will be a part of the systems employed in making iso­ prene and in converting it into coun­ terpart caoutchouc in either case. It would be financially prohibitive to neglect these by-products In concen­ trating upon the manufacture of arti­ ficial rubber. Dr. Hoffmann says that if 25 per cent of artificial rubber could be pro­ duced from every pound of basic mate­ rial, then a factory turning out half a million pounds a day would require 2,000,000 pounds of the mother sub­ stance, three-quarters of which would accumulate every twenty-four hours in the form of by-products. This gives an idea of what #he chemist-manufac­ turer has before him, even though the secret of synthetic rubber has been solved. With characteristic thorough­ ness, the Germans are working away at this end of the question. So far as is known the German synthetic rubber has met all the ex­ acting tests and analyses of other German chemists. On the other hand, it is said that the English artificial rubber is not chemically identical in its atomic makeup with natural caout­ chouc, and the critics declare that this artificial substitute will not meet all of the requirements. It seems that the artificial rubber contains one atom of carbon less than nature's caoutchouc, and whether or not this IN PLAIDS OR CHECKS MATERIALS POPULAR PQR Y3H|NQ GIRL'S AUTUMN CLOTHES. Designs Are as Pretty as Ever, and In the Fullest Vogue--The Scotch Fabrics Are Also Strict­ ly Correct. When in doubt as to missy's au­ tumn hat, coat or dress get something with a touch of plaid or check, for materials with these patterns are again eminently in vogue for young people and they seem quite as pretty as ever. To quote the dressmakers for the Junior world, one can never get away IIP from the suitability of such mate­ rials to youth--the Scotch fabrics with their varied melange of color and checks, big and little, seem so juvenile and correct for young peo­ ple's wear. So here they are again with us, holding a breath of new color sometimes, 'showing the familiar de- BLOUSE SLEEVE IS NOVEL nature's rubber and delivering it at jthe factories. Fermentation is an action set up by various kinds of germs, and Prof, fernbach found the germ that would •convert certain plentiful starchy mate­ rials into fusel oil, and from this fusel vOil he obtained cheap Isoprene. It ^ras this isoprene which Dr. Matthews ^earned by accident how to turn into rubber by means of sodium. Sir .William Ramsay and his associates believe that rubber can be made in this way at a cost of about 24 cents a pound. From 26 to 28 cents a pound is what It costs now to collect rubber in the far east and amid the forests of the Amason. The heaviest after expeuiw Is Involved In trans porting the raw material to manufac­ turing centers, and also in purifying this rubber so that it shall be fit to So into the finlBhed products. The rubber hunter mixes the juice or latex of many trees, and the raw stuff 1b seldom uniform and is fre­ quently filled with foreign substances and even pebbles, the latter hidden away in the gum to increase the weight. The coBt of getting rid of these things Is heavy, and this fact must be borne in mind in giving prop. mr value to any procesa for the syn­ thetic making of rubber, it is natural to suppose that a chemical produc­ tion would be subject to perfect con- involved in that single establishment. Many factories in the fatherland had joined in this International effort to find an artific]^* process by which rubber could be built up syntheti­ cally from raw materials readily available, but to the Elberfelder Far benfabrlken belongs the distinction of priority in the solution of the problem. Dr. Fritz Hofman, director in charge at Elberfeld, gives his own story of the pursuit of the elusive key. " By mere chance my attention was called to this question of synthetic rubber through a lecture delivered In London about six years ago by Prof. Dunstan. As a pharmaceutic chemiBt in a dye factory my work did not take me in the direction of rubber, but the problem fascinated me. " 1 found on reading up the subject that caoutchouc was based on iso­ prene, and I tried to prove it. To do that I had to have Isoprene, and, what was more, I had to have synthetic Iso­ prene and not the kind obtained by a dry distillation of rubber such as had hitherto generally been used. 1 had d task before me. " To the organic chemist coal is an ideal mother substance, and I chose it aB my basic material. In this we were Justified, and in March of 1909 Carl Coutelle and I succeeded In ob­ taining the first large quantity of pure synthetic Isoprene--several words, the structural atoms are differ­ ently arranged, and the body or sub­ stance thus differs from another of the same chemical get up but with its tiny units otherwise distributed. "We soon recognized that the poly­ merizing power of heat could be furthered by numerous chemical ad­ mixtures, but we soon found that there are many more substances that work in opposition to this end. In August of 1909 I obtained the first rubber polymerized by heat in the laboratory of the Elberfeld works. In September of that year I submitted a sample of this material to Dr. Gerlach. He was the first to confirm that our product actually contained caoutchouc. A month later Harries tested our synthetic material with his ozone method, and by this means was able to establish that our heat polymerized Isoprene was veritable India rubber." Dr. Hofmann frankly admits that should the extensive rubber planta­ tions cultivated under English direc­ tion in the Malay Archipelago meet expectations synthetic rubber will not be so necessary In supplying at a more reasonable rate the present market However, he says that the syntheslst has so adjusted conditions that he can compete with his ware in price and quality with the natural product. difference will prove vital either at once or later In the employment of the synthetic substance has yet to be established. Summer School. Particularly significant is th« growth of summer schools in the Carollnas, where the movement start­ ed comparatively late. At the Uni­ versity of North Carolina there was an attendance of 450 this year, just double last year's enrollment. At the normal school at Greensboro, North Carolina, a session of eight weeks was held, the first in the history of the institution, and 200 enthusiastic teach­ ers were in attendanoe. At the sum­ mer session of the Wlnthrop Normal College, Rock Hill, South Carolina, particular attention was paid to prob­ lems of industrial education and rural schools, and men of national promi­ nence participated in the work. Genuine Comfort and Artistic Appear ance Combined In a Recent French Importation. There is a genuine comfort in the sleeve displayed in ontyepf the recent­ ly Imported French '-iSj^pses^! "It is long, of course, for all Paris is wear­ ing long sleeves with the same eclat with which they adopted the short ones In the winter, and is tight from the elbow to the wrist. It fits com­ fortably into the armhole under the arm, but the upper portion runs right up over the shoulder to the collar. This affords an excellent opportunity to use a long length of lace, from three to four inches in width. The effect is very much like that of the popular raglan eleeve. The under- sleeve may be of tucked net, chiffon or ninon. The long lines'of lace from collar to waist lend the kimono effect without any of the looseness of the kinomo sleeve under the arm. This sleeve is generally buttoned from the wrist to the elbow with tiny lace or silk buttons, for the glove­ like snugness of the sleeve demands an opening. The ruffle at the wrist is often extended to the elbow, some­ times on the outer seam, again on the inner. To have a ruffle dainty, however, It must be fresh, and un­ less this can be accomplished it is advisable to omit it. RENT DIDN'T TROUBLE THEM Kentucky Families Had Free Quar­ ters, Since No One Called to Collect a Tribute. Fbr more than twenty years the three-story brick house at 26 East Sixth street. Covington, has been oc­ cupied by several families, and not one of the families has paid rent; says the Post of that city. AU would have paid the rent, but no one ever came •ad asked them to move. When one man did move he did so of his own volition, and then told his friends to move in and take his quarters. More than twenty yearB ago & friend of Edward Cooper, an expressman of Covington, was told by a friend that he could move Into the houae and not have to pay rent. Cooper did BO, and reared his family there. He did not occupy the whole house and he Invit­ ed another family to share It with him. Two 'years ago he invited the family of Charles Shumate to move into the fix the roof. They did BO. Later Coop­ er's family having left, he moved into one room and Mrs. Shumate invited her brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. J esse Shumate, to occupy part of the second floor. Mrs. Mattle Kor- denbrook and family of five children occupy the third story. "No one ever Bald anything about rent to us," said Mrs. Shumate. "About two years ago I saw an advertisement that the house was to be sold by the c,ty *or delinquent taxes, giving the house, rent free, provided they would | owner's name as Delehay, and the res- Growth Attached to It. "You've been sleeping in the tele­ phone booth, I believe," said the manager of the summer hotel. "Yes." "1 can give you a billiard table now. If you like." "No; I'll stick to the booth. I rath­ er like the room. It isn't large, but it'8 cosy." ldence at Danville, Ky. I do not know whether the house was sold, but no one came to see us about it." Horrible. "I had a terrible dream last night. 1 dreamed that I had died and gone to heaven." "Well, didn't heaven seem to be a beautiful place?" "Oh, yes, it was beautiful enough; but It seemed that the speed limit was fifteen miles an hour where." •very- Shoe Novelties. The colored silk stocking, especial­ ly deep purple and green, worn with the white shoes remain In style. Patent leather pumps are bound with a color to match the stocking. A French shoe that will not find SMARTEN UP THE SUNSHADE Good to Remember, as They Will Probably Be Needed for Some Time to Come. Is it possible that the Bhape of the umbrella is changing perceptibly after so many years during which It has gone its tranquil way? The new form is not so flat, and has rather more of the droop of the genuine mushroom. Obviously they are inspired by the ri- diculdus cloche and pagoda outlines assumed by very mundane parasols this season, yet they are themselves not in the least exaggerated; but by way of being an agreeable novelty. With little trouble or expense a par­ asol may be wonderfully smartened up, or even one of last year's may be brought up to date. Making a gauging from four to eight inches deep of chif­ fon or the finest soft silk or satin of the exact shade of the parasol or if a shade paler. Sew this on to the in­ side edge, allowing a little of the gauging to come below the edge. Along the center of the chiffon may be sewn a narrow silk cord decorated at vices of the Scotch clans, in dress silks and wools, in coats, hair rib­ bons and buttons. The pretty de­ signs are a great relief from the plain materials that have reigned so long--but, dear me, except for a light difference of detail, ^ome of the long coats showing the plaid or check reverse and decking are all but twin sisters to last year's wraps. This takes nothing away from their chai;m, tho deft changes here and there giv­ ing the last-agony touch In a way sufficiently piquant to suit the most ardent devotee of new fashions. At this season the long coat need* ed for school use, and which will, of course, come in for many other ao- caslons, is of more importance to the college maid or high school girl than anything else--anything but her hat, for without a suitable headpiece the most charming coat could not be worn, coats and hats of a kind need­ ing to run together. The shops are full of correct fabrics for it, the soft reversible coatings, plain on one Bide and plaid on the other, used last year and still with us, offering themselves as the most facile textures in the world for home sewing for all the trimmings of the coat are made of the reverse side of the material. Of the plaid touchy on little girl frocks, those short-skirted gowns maids from six to eight wear, there is no end, but somehow checks seem a bit more suitable for these than the larger plaids, and many of the Russian blouse styles lend themselves most effectively to a combination of checked and plain material. The design shown in the ill'ustra* tlon allows this use of the two mate­ rials In a very smart way, the coat being of a plain blue wool and the little skirt and blouse trimming of checked blue and white wool. Here the collar is a flat round affair, but if made in sailor form a shield with a high neckband could be used inside, and this arrangement might be bet­ ter for the lassies with tender throats. Serge, broadcloth and cheviot; are other adaptable mate­ rials, for, to be sure, the dress could be made of one fabric, and the style of it is good enough for the very best street suit. For girls of all ages--and for worn* en, too, for that matter--there are some perfectly round felt hats with rolling brims which respond very prettily to a binding and crown pip­ ing of plaid silk, or if the hat Is al­ ready bound and banded a Scotch quill may be added to the side. So if there are bits of handsome plaid and checked fabrics in the house they will come in very handy for the trimming of youthful hats, for the very wings themselves may be made of silk or velvet, and when of a fabric they always seem smarter than when the real thing. MARY DEAN. favor with many Americans is of laced patent leather with colored velvet upperB. It is better to wear white shoes with nothing but white or light frocks. The white shoe has been done to death this season. It is bad form to wear them with cloth, silk or, Indeed, any street costume save the linen coat and skirt. * Do not lay in a large stock of shoes even at bargain prices. Styles change and, oddly, feet look much bigger In shoes whose cut and leath­ er are out of date. If you value the appearance of your feet adapt the style of shoe to your foot. Do not crowd the foot into an unbecoming shape because' It is fashionable. YOUNG WIFE SAVED FROM HOSPITAL Telk How Sick She Was And What Saved Her From An Operation. Upper Sandusky,Ohio.--"Threeyean •W I waa married and went to house­ keeping. I was not feeling well and conld hardly drag myself along. I such tired feelings, my &ack ached, my sides, ached, I H bladder trouble aw- : fully bad, and I could not eat or sleep. I had headaches, too, and became slmost a ner­ vous wreck. My doc­ tor WKJ me to go to a hospital. I did not like that idea very well, so, when I saw your advertisement in a paper, I wrote to you for advice, and have done as you told me. I have taken Lydia E, Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and Liv«r Pills, and now I have my health. " If sick and ailing women would only know enough to take your medicine, they would get relief. "--Mrs. BENJ. H. STANS- BERY, Route 6, Box 18, Upper Sandusky, Ohio. If you have mysterious pains, irregu­ larity, backache, extreme nervousness, inflammation, ulceration or displace­ ment, don't wait too long, but try Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound now. For thirty years Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made from roots and herbs, has been the standard remedy for female ills, and Buch unquestionable testimony as the above proves the value of this famous remedy should give every one confidence. Out ef Sorts SHOWING TWO IDEAS. The return of the "Tour de Cou," and a charming hat by Lewis of white moire, edged with chantilly and lined with black moir.--London Madame. Intervals with tiny colored satin roses --the effect Is very pretty when pink roses are used on the black gauging of a Batin parasol. Either lace or fringe may be similarly used. Tidy While Shopping. No matter how 'smaM may be your shopping bag, It will accommodate one of the toilet books which are at­ tractively bound and contain soap and face powder leaves, as well as a mani­ cure file and a nail stick. There are also individual purse E.anicure outfits which go Into oval-shaped pelt cases measuring about one Inch across their widest part and holding a file, an or­ ange stick, a tube of nail paste and a tiny vial of acid for removing fin­ ger stains. A folding mirror is an­ other toilet requisite which the tidy shopper should have In her bag. These come In white celluloid and are of oval shape. The lower section holds an Imbedded mirror and, swinging over it. is a flat lid which perfectly protects the glass--and the owner from the eeven years of bad luck which breaking a mirror is said to Invite Your Liver Is Clogged That's Why YoutVe Tired" --Have No Appetite,, CARTER'S LITTLE. LIVER FILLS will put you riu4i in a few daj They do, their duty. CureCon-^ stipation, Biliousness, Indigestion and Sick Headache SMALL PILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE* Genuine must bear Signature Richest Isi Hrating Qtialltlti FOR BACKACHE, RHEUMATISM* KIDNEYS AN© BLADDER FOLEY KIDNEY PIUS taisi DISEASES > TTLE PILLS *UUIT£ A OIF First Comedian--What is the differ­ ence between a beautiful girl and a codfish? Second Comedian--Give it up. First Comedlan-~One has a chance to become a fall bride and the other to become a ball fried. Compensation. A fairly prominent local pugilist wae injured several months ago In an au­ tomobile accident and had three ribs broken. Fully recovered, he was dis­ cussing the incident recently with friends. "I got $100 out of the auto owner, he said. "Had to give the lawyer half and It cost |56 for doctor's bills, but I made them pay 1109 for the thing, any­ how." RIGHT HOME Doctor Recommends Postum from Per. •onal Test. No one is better able to realise the injurious action of caffeine--the drug in cofTee--on the heart, than the doc­ tor. Tea is just as harmful as coffee because it, too, contains the drug caf­ feine. , When the doctor himself has been relieved by simply leaving off coffee and using Postum, he can refer with full conviction to his own case. A Mo. physician prescribes Postum for many of his patients because he was benefited by It. He says: "I wish to add my testimony in re­ gard to that excellent preparation-- Postum. I have had functional or nervous heart trouble for over 15 years, and a part of the time was un­ able to attend to my business. "I was a moderate user of coffee and did not think drinking it hurt me. But on stopping it and using Postum in* stead, my heart has got all right, and I ascribe it to the change from coffee to Postum. "1 am prescribing it now in capes at sickness, especially when coffee does not agree, or affects the heart, nerves or stomach. "When made right it has a much bet­ ter flavor than coffee, and is a vital sustainer of the system. I shall con­ tinue to recommend it to our people, and I have my own case to refer to." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek. Mich. Read the little book, "The Road to Wellvllle," in pkgs. "There's a reason." Ever read the akore letterT A m«w one ipprart fr«m lime te tine. Titer are (ewlM, tre* ui fan of kwws later**!. Adv. IMlil tiut JSI