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. . . _ . . . > :» - w..: • k PI.AINDEALER, McHENRT. HA British Aviator Relates Experf- •fice of Four Datyb ^tefcv'« Forced to Abandon Machine, He Had to Make Hie Way Through Almoet Ittipefwtrable Bush, In Con-7-'*. sUnt Fear of DeaHu is&y,: Robert H. Moulton tells why farmers should give serious attention to production of this valuable live stock--Profits sure to be large for many years-demand exceeds supply F ALL the wool grown in tie United States last year were nwde Into pure, all-wool cloth, and the cloth were cut and divided equally among the men and women of the country, there would be about 44 square Inches of such cloth allotted to each person; and if the,present decline In wool production continues for a few •"•ar longer there will not be enough cloth to make a respectable bceecheloth per capita. Such was the declaration of a speaker before , tbe recent wool and textile conference, held in ' Philadelphia. In a short paragraph this sums up, not alone the Situation which we as Americans face, but which the whole civilized world is fac- -- Ing, The Impending shortage of clothing is at ^ hand. For every 1,000,000 acres of land in the United States in 1900 there were 67 sheep, while today, with a steadily increasing demand for wool and mut­ ton, the same area can boast of less than 60 sheep. The decline in numbers during this pe­ riod has amounted to something like 9,000,000 sheep, although our popu- **• / «lation during the same period has increased 16,- 000,000 soi^ls. Last season we clipped slightly over 42,000,000 fleeces, as against 44,000,000 for 1890, or a reduction of 2,000,000 in 15 years. Oyr popula­ tion then -was calculated i- to be 75,994,575, whereas it stands today far above . i the 100,000,000 mark, or a i gain of about 26 per cent. , j In the past 15 years the n wool production -has de­ creased 4 per cent, thus I Heaving a difference be- I tween production and in-,, r creased population a chasm of 30 per cent dlvid- ; ing it. _ ^ ^ There are more than 20,000,000 men In Europe i under arms, wearing out six times their normal «S consumption of wool. As the war progresses the »£• available wool of the world is certain to be con­ sumed to the last ounce. Cotton, linen, and other ^ fabrics may be used, but wool will be used as long as it is possible to secure it for the fighting ' i forces. But there Is no real substitution for-this. Cotton may serve the purpose during the sum­ mer; for winter campaigning, especially in Rus- aia and the mountain districts, 'wool is necessary. Aside from the tremendous demand for wool for warriors, which has been responsible for the present shortage, ajid which has brought the wool shortage down to hand-and-inouth proposi­ tion, there is a shortage in production. Australia, chief among wool-producing countries, Is nearly 40 per cent short of her normal sheep supply, be­ cause of a drought that killed sheep by the tens of thousands. But this country still has twice as many sheep as we have in the United States. People llflng in regions demanding woolens A(A3TAAl/AffJN&PJtAtfCtt m AW JW//4Y SfA/<££S A* also reside in the greatest sheep-raising zones. In fact, sheep are raised in every region where wool is in demand, save in the polar regions. It Is natural that the woolen industry should spring up in primitive communfties and among people who are too poor to afford purchased material for clothing. Therefore, wool growing and manu­ facturing as an industry has a place ?n practically all countries. As a country increases in popula­ tion, however, the lands must be utilised for in­ tensive agricultural purposes and the range- for sheep 4s reduced In more recent years as a con­ sequence. In our own West this is very apparent. The wool-growing Industry In Europe and America has not kept pace with that in newer countries. Nearly one-half of the world's present commercial supply of wool irf produced In Aus­ tralia. New Zealand and Argentina. Notwith­ standing the fact that the production In the Unit- -ed States is not Increasing materially, wool is produced In every state of the Union. The varied and wide adaptation of sheep In the Utiited States Is one of the promising features of the future. If farmers will but appreciate the wonderful fea- 1 . . . KfTsr* -yl.t ft* -Scattered all over the Yucatan peninsula are monuments to a civilization that nourished thou­ sands of years ago. Just how many thousand no­ body knows and Scientists differ very materially In their ideas on the subject. The prevailing belief, however, is that this civilization was in full swing as late as the beginning of the Christian era. Other scientists assert that the ruins antedate those of Egypt. Yucatan can well be called "The American Egypt." The ruins of 172 cities, big and little, have been discovered and not a quarter of the territory has been explored, that is, carefully explored, for the tropical verdure makes the finding of them very difficult. You might pass within a hundred feet of a wonderful old temple or pyramid a hun­ dred times and not discover it, so effectively does the jungle screen these crumbling monuments of > the , distant past and shield theiu from the prying eyes of this inquisitive and presumptuous age. Of the 172 clusters of ruins discovered, two sets represent what were once large and prosperous cities, of about half a million Inhabitants each. Doubtless at different times each one of these, two cities was the capital Of the country. One of th6 cities Is Uxmal, pronounced "Ush- mul," situated In the southwestern part of Yuca­ tan, ajid the other is Cliichen Ifza, In 'ffie Eastern part of the state. One is six miles away from the railway's end through the jungle and the other 18. Jn both cases the road leading out is little better than a trail and without question the roughest road that a wheeled vehicle was .ever pounded to pieces on. To my mind the most Interesting ruin of an Is "Tfoe House of the Dwarf" at Uxtnal. It Is ft pyramid, with a temple on top where the priests made human sacrifices. The steps on one side are ' fairly well preserved. A double chain is run down them so that it is possible to reach the top if you have a cool head. Once there you crawl through a hole knocked In ihe temple wall and come out on a platform which was the sacrificial altar. On that platform the priests stood and with knives of flint cut out the hearts W living victims and held the gruesome objects aloft, still throb­ bing, for the populace below to gaze at. In the great quadrangle at the foot of that side of the pyramid the Inhabitants of the city gathered to watch these festal doings. Fifty thousand people could stand lri It. Around this huge court runs a palace, two stories high and benufifully carved, which was the home of the nuns, for whose special delectation these sacrifices were made. The nuns were the aristochits of ancient Maya society. On all four of the inner sides of this palace are carved two huge snakes, whose bodies are en­ twined as they twist around the structure.AThese snakes have human heads and tassels for tails. In all the ruljis the carvings are of the same pe­ culiar design. The patterns of the borders and ihe genet*al ornamentation strongly suggest the Egptlan. * What is most wonderful of all Is how they were able to cut those huge blocks of stone and then carve them so beautifully without metal ham­ mers or chisels. There Is no iron or other metal in the country and so all they had to work with w.as flint. How they raised the blocks Into place . none can explain. That remains as much of a mystery as the Pyramids of Egypt. This Is used as an argument to prove that the same race of people dld,them both. There are many more ruins staMlng at Chlchen It*a than at Uxmal, but In both cities all the smaller structures and private houses have disap­ peared. The ages have worn them awn.v or earth­ quakes shaken them down and the jungle has cov­ ered all. The natural accumulation of soil for, cen­ turies has also covered them many feet deep. The bases of the big buildings still in sight are, of course, below the present surface. Not much has been done in the way of excavating, for the gov­ ernment Is only just turning its utteutlou to these wonderful relics of the past. The ruins have several feats in mason work that are beyond our twentieth century architects, such as arches without keystones, leaning walls, round corners, hanging terraces, and so on. 'The wills are all enormously thick and the rooms rather small, even In the houses of the governors or kings, or whatever they were called. Most of these rooms are now inhabited by bats and are not at all pleasant places. There are no flat ceiling to be found. All are finished with pointed arches. George Miner, In the Mexican Review. tures of' thee* histqrte animals. Not only are wool val­ ues certain to increase, but maintain a steady fid heavy market dt-and from all "sides for, 'it generation to come, tfche reasons are very ap­ parent, namely: First, the wool-using popula­ tion of the world has Of late Increased more rap­ idly than wool" produc­ tion. > Second, wool's greatest competitor, cot­ ton, has been in short supply relatively, dearer than wool, especially coarse' wool < Third, em­ ployment at high wages has been so plentiful that tlie masses have been in a position to buy clothes, and clothes made mostly of wool In­ stead tof cotton and shoddy. There are nearly 50,- fewer sheep in w orjd today than 15 years ago, and more than H10.000.000 more people demanding wool. In the consumption of wool the United States Is far and away in advance of either of the otfogr great nations, for although somewhat behind the United Kingdom In the quantity required for her factories, all that Is manufactured here Is retained for clothing and Other uses of our people, and, in addition, vast quantities of woolen fabrics are Imported from abroad. A large percentage of the w>l con­ sumed in the factories of other country's Is man* ufactured for export and sold for use beyond their borders, giving the United States pre-emi­ nence as a wool-consuming tuition. The Mercado Central de Frutos, located at Buenos Aires, Is the largest wool market In the world. This port and Bahla Blanea. the great southern Argentina port, handles practically all the wool grown In the republic. At shearing sea­ son wool arrives on ships and trains. In 1873 the world's sheep population was some­ thing like 400,000,000 sheep, whereas today the number is approximately 630,000.000, of which Argentina has about one-sixth, being exceeded In ntimbers only by Australia, which has 83.000,000 to Argentina's 80,000.000. The United States has something like 55,000.000 sheep, Asiatic Russia 80,000.000 and {Jreat Britaijn and Ireland about 25,000.000. South America, all told, has more than 100.000,000' she*»p, of which two-tlilrds are In Argentina. There are ten sheep to every man, woman and chltd, or an average of 50 sheep per family. Western Canada Is rnmlng to be a great sheep country, and here, where millions* of acres jpt grazing land adapted to sheep raising are found, exists one of the finest natural sheep-ralslng sec­ tions close to centers of mutton aitd wool con* sumption' to be found in the world. The part Canada will play In answering the world's de­ mand for woolens Is certain to he Important In the near future, for farmers have caught the In­ spiration resulting from steady prices and a heavy demand for meats and wools. Our department of agriculture recently gave, out a statement which reveals the real ,situation In facts and figures. This statement was to the effect that the 'production of wool In the United States In 1915 was 288.777,000 pounds, as com pared with 290,192,000 pounds In 1914. and 296,- 176.000 in 1913. In other words, while we seem to have lost little In production as against 1899. we dropped off 7,000,000 pounds In these two years. Promotion of increased production of sheep un­ doubtedly is out great economic problem. One of the paramount features regarding the present shortace in clothing Is due to the universal lack of proper grading and caring for the wool from farm to factory; Althojigh the United States ranks as one of the leading wool-producing coun­ tries of the world, thousands of pounds of good wool annually are permitted to go to waste be­ cause of th^ farmers slackness in grading and preparing his clip for the market. The present educational program of the bureau of animal hus­ bandry tends tn remove' this loss. ^plils mean* *hat the amount of wool Imported annually by(|Anie/ican manufacturers Is equal to more than oHeibaif of the home-grown clip. For­ eign wool growers. Au«trallans In particular, maintain a uniformly high-grade standard in th<* handling of their wools. This care in preparation for market, has served to give that country a wool hacked by a reputation that readily Insures It full value at the time of selling to the manufacturer. Our' modern agriculture needs sheep, .more sheep. We need sheep to meet modern practical conditions. Farmers ran positively do nothing better than enter sheep breeding with a strain, say. like the Shropshire, which have gained the reputation of being adapted to any sheep-raising region of the continent, and being the "farmer's sheep, a rent-paying sheep, a tenant's sheep, a money-making sheep, wool-producing, mutton- carrying, quick-fattening and hardy sheep" This breed is not only an economical feeder, but, like other improved breeds, good soil conveyors. They are adajfted to the most Intensive system of agri­ culture. Self-Defense. to take a vacation this jfearT" ^1 gtiifss so. I can*t-*fi1topl to, but I think I'd bitter knock off work for a week just to get rid of the people ,who insist on asking me when I'm going to, and where I'm going, and If not, why?" C.f 1 JURYMEN JUST LOOKED WISE p Understanding No English, Welshmen I Wertf Not Impressed by Arguments Made In That Language. * . -v • . ... . . . - < Itormerly. states Julian P. Alexan­ der, In Case and Comment, there were many Welshmen who could not un­ derstand English ftud vfere yet placed upon the Juries of the court. One in­ teresting story is told, illustrating the difficulty of ndjusttng tl«e court lan- imgn tft the Intelligent of the jurias and claimants, and the necessity tor a fixed common court language. A wife murderer laced a determined court.'a jury box filled with honest Welsh free­ holders, and. In his vision, the out­ lines of the gallows. Able prosecutors, obedient to parliament's fixed flat that pleadings and arguments be rendered in English, waxed as eloquent as that medium permitted. The stolid Welsh­ men were .entertained, but not . en­ lightened. The counsel, observing a significant lack of s.vnipatliy and only inlid furiosity wholly ioroiumensurate with their expenditure of oratory and gesticulation, requested the judge to instruct the jury in their own tongue. The jury, awed and Impressed, retired to consider their verdict, filled with more than a reasonable doubt as to the prisoner's guilt and an absorbing curiosity as to what It was all about. In a remarkably short time the pris­ oner was surprised with a verdict of "not guilty," greatly to. the encourage­ ment of many wretched Welsh hus­ bands anxious to have an <end of tkeft" matrimonial suffering?. > ' - MUCH IN LI saii.'a There Is an opening In Yunnan City. China, fbr the introduction of soap. . Coast- guard stations will be equipped with alrplftnes for rescue and observation work. The present British parliament ha; lived longer than any of its 29 prede- • cessors since the act of union. ) It Is announced from PetrograJfUmt I all government posts, including min- | isteriai : women. : " ' S " *' j* Horrible experiences of n British ablator who came down in an East Africaq jungle are described by him in a letter just received by a relative at London. / The aviator, Lieut (1. Garrood, went up to bomb a German ambush on the Rufljl river, but through engine trou­ ble had to descend in the bush, the machine landing with broken propeller in a bog. It took him four days to make his way to a place of safety. He tells how in the duslc he was confronted with an ugly black animal about four feet high with vicious tusks. He climbed a tree and pre­ pared to put in the night there. Later he opened his eyes and saw something like two green electric bulbs about 30 feet from the tree. They moved aroutid In a circle. This continued for 45 min- utes. He says: "The tension was unbearable. I wanted to scream, shout and yell all In one, but Instead I burst out with The Admiral's Broom,' and with a full-throated bass I roared out the three verses. No applause, but a re­ ward--the leopard slunk away. Why had I hot thought of it before? "I went through my repertoire. I laughed as I finished 'Two Eyes of Grey.' It seemed so ridiculous. Then I got on to hymns, remembered four verses of 'O God, Our Help in Ages Past,' and sang the 'Amen,' too. Tttfe whole thing had its ludicrous side." Next morning while swimming a river he passed seven yards from a crocodile's mouth, but just reached tlie bank In time. Without food, or arms--his only weapon of defense his nails scissors--his progress through the awful bush was about 100 yards an hour. His clothing was in ribbons, and his flesh exposed to the thorns, sword grass and flies. "He swam seven more rivers that day and sank down exhausted against a tree. He could hear a lion roaring about 500 yards away, and, somewhat nearer, the grunting of a hippopota­ mus. He continues; "Being exhausted, I more or less lost consciousness for perhaps, half an hour or so. Nothing short of a hippo charging could have made me climb a tree. Am afraid life had little to offer about that time." It was while lying here that the lieutenant had / the annoying experi­ ence of surveying two large babboons, the size of a small man, quarreling over his trousers, now In threads, and among the tops of 40-foot trees. It was not until he had passed an­ other horrible day and equally terrible night in the bush that he at last was picked up by some natives. "Their eyes seldom left me," he adds. "Undoubtedly I was a strange sight--my legs bare and bleedljng, my short vest sodden, dirty and torn, no trousers, of course, Just a dirty sun helmet, a short stick in my right hand and with four days' growth of beard on my dirty face." Real Meaning of "Mara." The word "Maru," attached to the name of every Japanese merchant ship and commonly accepted as meaning "ship," has no especial meaning, ac­ cording to Captain Takeshlma of the Japanese steamship Hudson Maru, re­ cently captured and released by a Ger­ man raider in the South Atlantic. Cap­ tain Takeshlma said that the word Is the survival of a Japanese custom cen­ turies old. He explained the origin as follows: There are two opinions as to how the custom originated. One of the stories, which I believe Is the correct one, is that in ancient times the Japanese attached 'maru' to the name of anything precious or highly prised, as a sword or a baby. It was first applied to a ship's name about 2,- 000 years ago, when the Empress Jingo sent an expedition to Korea. She add­ ed the word to the name of the ship that transported the troops to Korea. Ever since then 'Maru' has been part of the name of every steamship or sail­ ing vessel. It is never used with the name of a warship." Use of Barbed Wire in War. The part tliatAarbcd wire has play­ ed In the war i# reflected to some ex­ tent by the foreign commerce reports, observes the St. Louis Globe-Democrat This Is peculiarly an American prod­ uct. the Blidden invention having been utilized on a large scale by John W. Gates at St. Louis. The descriptions from the front show the' effective use made of this simple Invention, which the late Sena­ tor Ingalls said was suggested by the manner In whlph milch cows avoided bramble Pushes. It was woven and twisted into a barrier that seemed im­ pregnate until the British developed the u6e of artillery in such amazing fashion. The study of fortifications has been followed from the beginning of human history, and it l« a singu­ lar fact that a simple fencing device, designated for an untlmhered country, should surpass every other obstacle to the progress of a inoderq army. .. Art of Egypt. Art #tfstory, particularly in the branch of painting, has undergone some radical'revlsions in the last quar­ ter of a century, as a direct result of Egyptian archaeological research. Painting, as we know it today, is at least 3,000 years old--and we have found the originals to prove* It. The site of ancient Thebes, now represent­ ed by the modern villages .>f Karnak and Luxor, has been one of the richest quarries worked by modern scholarly excavptors of various nationalities. IVn years ago the New York M*tropoll tan museum's expedition established at Thebes a special school or atelier for the purpose of copying and recording e brilliant-painted scenes and inscrtp- <>ns uncovered in the royal ?'»mb cluip- els of Egypt's ruters? <gf JMwrt thiui. thirty '"centuries ago. I As beneficial as it is enjoy­ able--in other words, doubly beneficial: that's why WRIGLEYS is popular toe world over; Many a long watch or a hard lob Is made more cheerful by this long-lasting refreshment. The Flavor Aids appetite and digestion Feed the Fighters! Harvest the Crops Win DM War! \ I Save the Yields / On the battle fielda of France and Flanders, the United States boys and til#, k t ' Canadian boys are fighting side by side to win for the World the freedom that Prus» t, nanism would destroy While doing this they must be fed and every ounce at muscle that can be requisitioned must go into use toeave this year's crop. A tfmft harvest period requires the combined forces of the two countries in tram work, , :;k '4 as the soldier bovs in France and Flanders are demonstrating. < The Combined Fighters In Franoe and Flanders and'tlM tewhlnf ; larvesters In Amerioa WILL Bring the Allied Victory Roarer. , A reciprocal •maseiMat for the use c t f u r . workers has beeit perfected bctwaen i " into Canada, with the pmOcgc < United Stataa have been ooaaervM, sad help to save the enormous oops i Him will be nedy for haiveettog. HELP YOUR CANADIAN NBOffiOUKS WHEN TOOR OWN CROP IS HARYESUP (| |J A- Want* 40 OOO Harvest Hands to Tak* Car# at It* ' . • 4 13,000,000 ACRE WHEAT FIKLD. *&ne cent a mQe ralhray fare from the International boundary line to destination astftî dait fate saturnine to the International Boundary. High Wages, Good Board, Comfortable Lodgings. An identification Card issued at the boundary bar a Canadian hnmigratkxi Officer wfll i MS as trouble in returning to the United States. HARVEST IS SAVKP. more northward and awl* lw»Q way do your bit in helping ̂ Wn the War". For particaian i * where employment may be had, apsty to. to CJL Baaa 412,1121. kkm St.. dk^i, H. T. Canadian Government Agent*. SAXON 176 Mm km. $395 Buys Saxon Roadsteif Greatest Automobile Value Ever Offered Never has there been an au+os»obile value thai compare with this. Just rtop md figure op all that you get for $395. First and foremost, lull Mectric equipment (Wagner 2-unit type starting and iigh**ng system), high-speed Con­ tinental motor; demountable rims 30 inch by 3 inch tires; 3-speed transmission; Hyatt quiet b<.prn'rs; Feddert horeycomb radi­ ator: smart stream-line body; Atwator-Kent ignition system; cantilever type vanadium steel springs of extra length an<*. strength; Scheb!»r carburetor; dry plate clutch and twenty ra their feature* of costly car ^ r « l i t j j r P r i c e , n o w , $ 3 9 5 , £ o > b . D e t r o i t S a x o n " S i x " $ 9 3 5 , l a b . Saxon Motor Car Corp,, Detroit • See your local dealer NOW or write to us direct - Reaponaible r«pmtaUtiT«* wasted in all open territory. A Measly Haul. First Burglar -- Hello, pard! I haven't seen ye since you cracked dat crib on Jenkins street. Git anyt'ing? Second Burglar--Yes, but I didn't know it until about a week afterward. I cot de measles. INNER* .V. ̂ mm- Would Give Him the Lie. Bounder--This gas bill is only twen­ ty cents. Clerk--Well, sir? Rounder--Better make It 94J20* Sly wife keeps the bills, and I've been writ­ ing her that during her absence I've *>peut aU. my eveuings at home. Dipping in a strong solution of altlin will give new life to old luiir brushes. When your Eyes Need Care j Try Murine Eye Remedy Ho Bmarticn -- J'-iat Eve Com? r? et»ms V; MACARONI PATENTS Wateoa K-!» C. IMfe Batesraaauaable. kl BY OWNER! tf&S&ZVVZW** * froui Sbii.vii ^ ui.iCts frvMu fc'ai road to Youutfsu O. ©S Pittsfeiwtii t^gh suit* or eti!tiTa;:on; V '/"v.* Ki wat'TvcT; fruit an-; arte* rijrtl?, >***{ ao trade. I f . I I Wburner. 5. i X.K '>4-. i o-t