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* " ; 1*: > - - • , - 1"*' « ' . • "-* •-lVy- '. "-1v?- * VOL, 59. SECTION TWO McHENRY, ILLINOIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 5, 1934 NO. 40 An Ordinance ta Regulate the Sale o/ Alcoholic Liquor B* jtordained by the City Council O# the City of McHenry, that ' • 1. Definitions.) Unless the eonte>t ^Otherwise requires, the following terms as used in this ordinance shall be construed according to the "definitions given below. • <AIcoholic liquor--any spirits; wine, '.'beer, ale, or oth^r liquid containing TOore than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume, which is fit for beverage purposes. Retail sale--the gale for use or consumption, and not for resale. ^ Restaurant--any public place kept, used, maintained, advertised, and held Out to the public as a place where meitls are served, and where meals are actually and" regularly served, without sleeping accommodations', such space being provided with adequate and sanitary kitchen and dining room equipment and capacity and having employed therein a sufficient number and kind of employees to prepare, cook and serve suitable food for its guests. 1 Club--a corporation organized under the laws of this State, not for pecuniary profit, solely for the promotion of some common object other than the sale or consumption of alcoholic liquors, kept, used and maintained by ite members through the payment of annual dues, and owning, hiring or leasing a building or space in a building of such extent and character as may be suitable and adequate for the reasonable and comfortable use and accommodation of its members and their guests and provided with auitable and adequate kitchen and dining room space and equipment and maintaining a sufficient number of servants and employees for cooking, preparing and serving food and meals for its members and their guests; PROVIDED that such club files with the Mayor at the time of its application for a license under this ordinance two copies of a list of names and residences of its members, and similarly files within ten (1<0) days of the election of any additional member hid name and address;. AND PROVIDED FURTHER, that its affairs and management are conducted by a board of directors, executive committee or similar body chosen by the members at their annual meeting, and that no member or any officer, agent, or'emptoyee of the club is paid!, or directly or indirectly receives, in the form of salary or other compensation any profits from the distribution or sale of alcoholic liquor to the club or th5 members of the club or its guests introduced by members beyond the amount of such salary as may be fixed and voted at any annual meeting by the members or by its board of directors or other governing body out of the general revenue of the club. „t JL License required.) It shall be unlawful to sell or offer for sale at retail in the City any alcoholic liquor without having a retail liquor dealer's license, or in violation of the terms of such lipense. 3. Applications.) Applications for such licenses shall be made to the Mayor in writing, signed by the applicant, if an individual, or by a duly authorized agent thereof, if a club or corporation, verified by oath or affidavit, and shall contain the following information and statements: (1) The name, age, and address of the applicant in the case of an individual; in the case of a co-partnership, the persons entitled to share in the profits thereof, and in the case •of a corporation, for profit, or a club, the date of incorporation, the objects for which it was organized, the names and addresses of the officers and directors, and if a majority in interest of the stock of such corporation is owned by one person or his nominees, the name and address of such person; : (2) The citizenship of the applicant, his place of birth and if a naturalized citizen, the timfe and place of bis naturalization; (3) The character of business of the applicant; and in case of a corporation, the objects for which it was formed; <4) The length of time that said applicant has been in business of that character, or in the case of a corporation, the date on which its charter was issued; <6) The amount of goods, wares mad merchandise on hand at the time application is made; <6) The location and description of the premises or plaee~-.of^ business which is to be operated under such license; " <7) A statement whether applicant has made similar application for 'i" similar other license on premises other than described in this application, and the disposition of such application; <8) A statement thai applicant has mrver been convicted of a felony and is not disqualified to receive a license by reason of any matter or thing contained in this ordinance, laws of this State, or the ordinances of this City. ( 9 ) Whether a previous license by any state or subdivision thereof, or by the federal government has been revoked, the reasons therefor. <10) A statement that the applicant will not violate any of the laws of the State of Illinois or of the Unit- States, or any ordinances of the City in the conduct of.his place of. business. 4. Restriction" on Licenses.) No such license shall be issued to: (1) A person who is not a resident of the City of McHenry; the State of Illinois, or by the Coil- j primary elections, during the hours jrress of the United States. the polls are open within the political 7. Disposition of fees.) All such area in which such election is being: fees shall be paid to the Mayor at, teethe time - Application is made, and 18. View front street.) ,In premises shall be forthwith turned over to the ' upon which the sale "(k alcoholic li- (2) A person who is not of goodjtreasurer. In- the event the licenso quor foe consumption upon the premcharacter and reputation in the community in which he resides; „ ; (3) A person who is not a citizen of the United States; 1 (4) A person who has been convicted of a felony under the law* of the !3tate of Illinois; ^ , ; (-5) A person who has been convicted of being the keep?r or is Keeping a house of ill fame; (6) A person who Has been <cdnvicted of pandering or other crime or misdemeanor opposed to decenty and morality; , (7) A person whose license issued under this Ordinance has been revoked for cause; (8) A person who, at the time of application for renewal of any license issued hereunder would not be eligible for such license upon a first applies* tion; (9) A co-partnership, unless all of the members of such co-partnership s"hall be qualified to obtain a license; (10) A corporation, if any officer, manager or director thereof, or any stockholder or stockholders, owning in the aggregate, more than five per cent (5r/f) of the stock of such corporation, would not be eligible to receive a license hereunder for any reason other than citizenship and residence within the political sub-division; (11) A person whose place of business is conducted by a manager or agent, unless said manager or agent possesses the same qualifications required of the licensee; (12) A person who has been convicted of a violation of any Federal or Starte law concerning the manufacture, possession or s^l©-ef~alcoholic liquor, applied ,, for. is denied, the »fee shall ises is licensed (other than as a resbe returned to the applicant; if the taurant, hotel or dub)', no screen, license is granted, then the fee shall blind, curtain, partition, article or be "deposited in the general corporate I thing sliall be permitted in the winfund or in such other ' fund as .shall i dows or upon the doors of such licenshave beenJesi^nated! by the Council, i ed premises nor inside such premises, by prope&Action. which shall prevent a clear view into 8: Consumption on premises.) Tt J the interior of such licensed premises shall be unlawful for anyone not hav- ! from the street, road or sidewalk at ing a Class A, B or D License, to sell times, and no booth, screen, pai> or offer for sale any alcoholic liquor, ! Mtion, or other obstruction nor any for consumption on' the premises ; arrangement of lights or lighting where sold, or to permit the same to sha11 be permitted in or about the 1nl> e Consumed on the premises where I terior of such premises which shall sold. ' prevent a full view of the entire in- 9- List.) The Mayor shall keep or ' terior of such premises from thi? cause to be kept, a complete record of ' street, road or sidewalk, and said all such licenses issued by him; an 1 j premises must be so located that there shall furnish the clerk, treasurer, and • s^a" ,^e a full view of the entire inchief of police each wflh a copy their- | te^rioi- of such premises from the of; upon the issuance of any new li- j street, r°ad or sidewalk. All rooms cense, or the revocation of any old |where liquor is solfi for consumption license, the Mayor shall give written notice of such action to each of these officers within forty-eight (48) hours of such action. 10. Transfer of License.) A licenso upon the premises shall be continuously lighted during business hours by natural lights or artificial white light so that all parts, of the interior of the premises shall be clearly visible. In shall be purely a personal privilege, •Case the view into such Heense-1 £ocd for not to exceed one (1) year j Premises required by the foregoing after issuance, unless sooner revoked, j Provisions, shalr be wilfully obscured as in this Ordinance provided, and ' hy the licensee or by him wilfully sufshall not constitute property, nor I to 1,6 obscured or in any manshall it be subject to attachment, gar- 'ner obstructed, then such license shall nishment or execution, nor shall it be i subject to revocation in the manalienable or transferable, voluntarily or involuntarily, or subject to being encumbered or hypothecated. Such license shall not descend by the laws of testate or intestate devolution, but it shall cease upon the death of the licensee, provided that executors or administrators of the estate of any dener herein provided. In order to enforce the provisions of this section, the Mayor shall have the right to require the filing with him of plans, drawings and photographs showing the clearance of the views as above required. 19. Revocation.) The Miayor may subsequent to the passage of this Ordinance, or shall have forfeited hi^ i business of the sale or manufacture of ceased licensee, and the trustee of | revoke any retail dealer's license for any insolvent or bankrupt licensee, I any violation of any provision of this when soach estate consists in part of ! Ordinance, or for any violation of any alcoholic liquor, may continue the State law pertaining to the sale of bond to appear in Court to answer charges for any such violation. (13) A person who does not own the premises for which a license is sought, or does not have a lease thereon for the full period for which the license is to be issued- (14) Any law enforcing public official, any mayor, alderman, or member of the City Council or commission, or any President or member of a County Board; and no such official shall be interested in afiy way, either directly or indirectly, in the manufacture, sate or distribution of alcoholic liquor. (15) Arty getison, association, or corporation not eligible for a State retail liquor dealer's license. 5. Classification - fees.) There shall be four (4) classes of licenses: (1) Class A License, which shall authorize the retail sale, on the premises specified, of alcoholic liquor, for consumption on the premises, as well as other retail sale of such liquor. The annual fee for such license shall be the sum of $225.00. (2) Class B Licenses, which shall authorize the retail sale of bottled beer in restaurants, when purchased with food only, for consumption on the premises where soldi The annual fee for such license shall be the sum of $40.00. _ alcoholic liquor under order of the appropriate court, and may exercise the alcoholic liquor. 20. Penalty.) Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of privileges of the deceased or insolvent ' this Ordinance shall be fined not less or bankrupt licensee after the death j than Five ($5.00) Dollars, nor more of such decedent, or such insolvency ! than Two Hundred ($200.00) Dollars or bankruptcy, until the expiration of j for each offense, and a separate ofsuch license, but not longer than six J fense shall be deemed committed on (6) months after the death, bank- > each day during or on wtolch a violaruptcy or insolvency of such licensee. | tion occurs or continues. A refund shall be made of that por- 21. J he Mayor of the City of Mction of the license fees paid for any .Henry shall act as Liquor Control period in which the licensee shall be Commissioner of the City of Mcprevented from operating under such i Henry, and he shall be assisted by the license, in accordance with the pro- j entire City Council of the City of Mcvisions of this paragraph. NHenry, and each member of the City Any licensee may renew his license CoUncn shall be designated as Asset the expiration thereof, provided, he sistant Liquor Control Commissioner. 1" th™ qua,ified *° reCtiVt a lic,ense I 22. All Ordinances and parts of Orand the premrses for which such re- ldiliances in confHct herewith are herenewel license is sought are suitable for such purpose; AND PROVIDED FURTHER, that the renewal privilege herein provided for, shall not be construed as a vested right which shall in any case prevent the Mayor from decreasing the number of licenses to be issued within his jurisdiction. 11. Change of Location.) A retail dealer's license shall permit the sale of alcoholic liquor only in the premises described in the application and license. Such location may be changed only upon the written permit to make such change issued by the Miayor. No change of location shall (3) Class C Licenses, which shall jba permitted unless the proposed new authorize the retail sale of alcoholic location is a proper one, for the reliquor in packages only, by a licensed 'tail sale of alcoholic liquor, under the pharmacist, but not for _consug»pttDn (law of tihis State, and the Ordinances on the premises where solcT The an nual fee for such license shall be the sum of $75.00. (4) Class D Licenses, which shail authorize the retail sale of beer for consumption on the premises where sold, in dance halls or dance pavilions only, and on|y during those hour3 when dances are being conducted in dance halls or dance pavilions. The annual fee for such licenses shall be the sum of $100.00. 6. BOND. That in no case shall any Retail License be issued for the sale of fermented, malt, or vinous beverages, or any mixture thereof, unless the applicant therefore shall first give to the City Council of the City of McHenry, a bond payable to the City of McHenry, Which Bond shall be in the penal sum of Five Hundred ($500.00) Dollars for Class A and D Liquor Licenses, and Two Hundred ($200.00) Dollars, for Class B and Class C. Liquor License®, and that said bonds shall be signed by at least two (2) good and sufficient sureties, or a responsible Surety Company, to 6e approved by the City Council of the City of McHenry, conditioned that such applicant for the license and any and all persons In his employ or such as are under his control, comply with every and all resolutions, laws, regulations and ordinances of said City, in force at the time of the approval of such bond, or that may be adopted by said City Council during the continuance of such license, which relate in any manner to the sale of 'fermented, malt or vinous beverages or any mixture thereof, or to the general peace and good government of the Cjity of McHenry, and said Bond shall ofe. further conditioned that such applicanr\shall pay, or cause, to be paid, all fines, penalties and costs which may be legally imposed upon him or imposed upon his employee cr employees, servant or servants, agent or agents or any other person or persons under his control, for any violation or breach of any such resolution, rule, regulation or ordinance aforepaid. In addition to the foregoing bond, every such applicant for a beverage license shall also file with the City Clerk of the City of McHenry, any bonds which may be required by any act passed by the Legislature of by repealed, and the Ordinance now in effect pertaining to beer licenses is hereby repealed. 23. This Ordinance shall take effect and be in full force and effect, from and after its passage and publication, as provided by law. Approved: PETER J. DOHERTY , Mayor of the City of McHenry Attest: PETER'A- NEISS City Clerk Passed: April 2nd,«>sl934.. Approved: April 2nd, 1934. Published: April 5th, 1934. of the City. 12. Peddling). It shall be unlawful to pedd4e alcoholic liquor in the City of McHenry. 13. Sanitary conditions.) All premises used for the retail sale of alcoholic liquor, or for the storage of such liquor for such sale, shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition, and shall be kept in full compliance with the ordinances regulating the condition of premises used for the storage or sale of food for human consumption. - 14. Employees.) It shall be unlawful to employ in any premises used for the retail sale of alcoholic liquor any person who is afflicted with, or who is a carrier of, any contagious, infectious or venereal disease; and iz shall be unlawful for any person who is afflicted with or a carrier of any such disease to work in or about any j premises or to engage fn any way in ' the handling, preparation or distribution of such liquor. 15. Location restrictions.) No license shall be issued for the sale at retail of any alcoholic liquor within 100 feet of any church, school, hospital, home for aged or indigent persons, or for veterans, their wive® r children or any military or naval station; PROVIDED, that this prohibition shall not apply to hotels offering restaurant service, regularly organized clubs, or to restaurants, food shops or other places where sale of alcoholic liquors is not the principal business carried on, if such placeof bustness so exempted shall have been established for such purposes prior to the taking effect of this ordinance. 16. Closing hours -- Sundays.) It shall be lawful to sell or offer for sale, at retail, any alcoholic liquor in the City of McHenry on Sunday, and there shall be no restrictions as to closing hours or closing on specified days, other than those provided by the Statutes of the State of Illinois, in regard to closing on election days, and all persons selling alcoholic liquor shall be allowed to remain open during such hours as they see fit and all day Sundays. 17. Election days.) No person shall sell at retail any alcoholic liquor on the day of any National, State, County or Municipal election, including Father N e a r l y a l l b a d habits might be broken if the "habltuator" were paroled to some other man One's own will seems weaker than another's. POTPOURRI Land Walking Fish In India nnd Ceylon lives a spe cles of perch that travels on land Whei small streams in which thev live dry up, they leave the banks and seek a new watery home. They crawl by means of strong lower fins. A small pouch within rbeir mouths carry sufficient water to keep their gills moist. G by Western Newspaper Union. GABBY QERTIE M WHY Ail Men Cannot Be Classed "Free and Equal/' All men ure not created "l'reef nnd equal;" In So far as this expression refers 'iuerely to the" political privileges of „U hi ted States citizens it-'-may • be both sound and useful. To 1 read Into ij any broader meaning, however, would he . objectionable to both social scientist and biologist. ,. Modern man is certainly not free, in 'he widest' sense of^ the. tenu. The innmnerable things that go to. nuike' up, the world • are ahiuzihgjy inUMHleivenileiJt: man's behavior is constantly conditioned by. his-surroundings, by his experience, hy the interests of oilier nieif? by"the activities of innumerable other types of living, organisms, hy the nonliving ma-, •terlals and forces of his environment. Only by certain concessions and adjustments'can man win for.himself-a modicum of freedom. As for equality, Save for identical twins, probably no two inen have ever been created with Just the same hereditary endowments. Our race Is a grand mixture of hereditary qualities, some good and some had. For the future of the race it is very important that those with desirable hereditary qualities have maiiy'offspring and that those with highly undesirable hereditary qualities have none at all.^-C^icago Tribune. .• Why California Farmers Owe Debt to Wild Geese Birds flayed strange roles in a typical rye field in California last year. The first part the birds played was in early spring when a flight of geese fed on the young rye in an 800-acre tract and brought about what farmers thought was irreparable damage to the crop. As matters turned out, however, the birds did no damage and possibly the pruning process of their feeding may liave been a stimulant to the plants, for the rye at harvest stood shoulder high and was in excellent shape. However, having reached this state, the grain was attacked hy an enemy which threatened the entire crop. A great infestation of a caterpillar of the white-lined sphinx occurred and the crop, seemed destined to almost complete loss through the activities of this voracious feeder. Again the birds stepped in, or perhaps Tt would be better to say flew In, to the rescue.-- Washington .Star. Why Du»t la Harmful fHist ina^' look like so much dirt, hut It has devastating powers. The government recently staged 12 ex[x»rlmental dust explosions at the testing station on the Department of Agriculture experimental farm at Arlington, Va., to demonstrate the deadly and destructive power of certain dusts. These tests also demonstrated methods of protecting manufacturing plants against structural damage by releasing dust explosion pressures through properly proportioned vents worked out by the chemical engineering division of the bureau of chemistry and soils. Grain elevator dust, starch dust, milk powder, soap dust, sugar dust, wood dust, cork dust and other dusts were exploded In the experiments In a miniature "factory." "Brewster's Millions* as s birthda> gift might b« called a novel preset- Why Called "Dynker*" The members of the religious sect were called Hunkers or-Dunkards from their baptismal practices, the word being derived from German "tunken," meaning to dip. They are also called Tunkers and Dippers- The sect was founded in 1708 at Schwarzenau, in Wittenstein, Germany, by Alexander Mack and is correctly known as the German Baptist Brethren or slmplv as the Brethren. There are now several branches of the Dunkers. The word from which the name of the sect is derived is the same as that from which "dunUT' meaning to dip doughnuts into coffee before eating them, is derived. Whr Some Bees Are Queens It now- appears that the bees knew all about vitamins long before the latter became a matter of importance to scientists. Two British scientists have announced that the solution of the age-old problem of why some bees grow up to be queens and some to be workers is that the bees add the vitamin "E" to the Jelly fed to prospective queens, while this vitamin is not included In the diet of the larvae that are destined to be workers. More over, worker larva not more than three days 'dd may be transformed IntQ queens by a change of diet, they «*/• Lights of New York by L. L. STEVENSON Wfcy Called "Witch Hazel" The original and correct name of this shrub Is "wycli hazel," the name being derived from Anglo-Sax-on "wyce," meaning drooping. The siinl- 1« rity ©f the prefix to ple to believe that it was so named because divining or witching rods made from its twigs were reputed to he efficacious in discovering water and minerals. Thus "witch hazel" has come to be one of fKe\ftcc£pted spellings of the name. y Why Launched Stem First The practice of launching ships stern first is not universal. On, the Great Lakes many of the launchlngs are side launchlngs while the United States navy has launched three ships bow first. In former days launchings were stern first and it Is presumed that a superstition or tradition was the probable reason. In modern times there are several technical advantages in launching stern first. ltau into Billy. Hill, author of "The Last Bound l'p,"the returns from which Tiave made him quite comfortable and caused the matter of the next meal to be much less complicated than it was in Che not remote past. ;The composer of the ditty which took the country by storm and*Which is still being sung here and there, though he studied violin at the New England Conservatory of Music and was to become a member of tile Boston Symphony orchestra, chose to roam instead. So hobo" Jungles knew him, lie rode the blinds and played on steamers running between San Francisco and Honolulu. He has lived and wot*Ued wH'i 'cowboys and at one time was timekeeper of a borax mine iu Death Valley. Coming East to look for the breaks, he became a doorman in a Fifth avenue apartment house. • • Six feet two inches tall, he made.an imposing doorman. But he didn't spend all his time at" it. Fifth avenue doormen have other duties than merely opening and closing doors and bowing tenants in and out of their cars and taxis. For Instance, at three o'clock every morning, Hill had to mop up the lobby. It was while doing his mopping that he composed "They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree." But the turn came. Now at thirtyfour he Is the husband of Dedlette I.ee, Broadway actress, the father of an eleven months old daughter of whom he is extremely proud and author of a song second in modern music sales only to Mary Earl's "Beautiful Ohio." • • • When Hope Williams a little more than a half dozen years ago turned her back on the foibles of those of the Social Register and went on the stage, there were whisperings that ft was merely a passing fad. But after her first nonchalant speech in "Paris Bound" in 11>'J7, Miss Williams continued to go right ahead. With Arthur Hopkins as her Impresario, she continued In "Holiday," "Bebound" and "The Passing Present." Then she deserted drama for musical comedy. But after a brief Interlude she returned and was in the Guild production, "Too True to be Good," by none other than George Bernard Shaw, along with Beatrice Lillie. And notf she's the star of "All Good Americans" possibly with no regrets that her name is no longer in the social register. * • * Sticking to the stage for another paragraph, there Is Auranfa Kouverol who wrote "Growing Pains" In which her daughter, Jean Kouverol, has the principal Juvenile role. When I^ona Hogarth finished playing the role of Mrs. Mclntyre, Mrs. llouverol took it over and thus is playing mother to her*own daughter and that's held to be a precedent by those well Informed in theater circles. • • • An inquiry has reachtnt this desk asking what has becoftie of the'speak' easies now that repeal lias been In effect tor weeks and weeks. AH I can say on tlfat matter Is that some have obtained licences and are doing business as usual, others haven't obtained licenses and are doing business as usual except for a closer scrutiny of customers and some have fallen by the wayside and are now only memories. • • • For quite obvious reasons,. names must be omitted In this yarn. It has to do with an artist of considerable reputation and his wife who Is extremely fond of birds. Like so many of his craft, the artist has been suffering from a greatly reduced Income --in fact the reduction reached a point where It could be reduced no farther. Then, came a commission that brought return enough to pay all the hills. After the settlement had been made with much rejoicing, the artist found a $2 surplus. He turned that over to his wife because she Insisted that she had to have a pair of silk stockings. But Instead of coming back with stockings, she returned with--a pair of love birds! v • • e Though the family already had one pair of love birds, the husband offered no objection. But the male of the original pair of love birds fell for the new female hi such a big way that his old mate was ready to die. So the i artist had to give away the new love | birds--and, his wife is now staying home until there's another commission so she may buy silk hose. ©. Bell Syndicate --WXU 8ervtei, :; Speed of Gulf Stream Is Gauged by Bottle's Trip Paris.--The speed of the gulf stream eastward across the Atlantic ocean has been"figured out at nine and one-half yards a minute. A bottle placed by William C. Harrington, director of the Ifnited States ft»berie» burenu.; tn thr ocean among 7'>0 others in 1932 was picked up by a French fisherman in the Bay of Mount St Michel. It had taken sixteen and a half months to travel 4,100 miles. WOOL STILL RANKS AS MAJOR INDUSTRY Discontented Cows Headache Sufferers Philadelphia.--Discontented ••ows are that way because they have headaches, according to Dr. M. A. Enimerson, assistant professor of veterinary surgery $nd obstetrics at the I uiversity of Pennsylvania Veterinary school, and headaches are the result ot colds usually caused by dehorning cows tn cold weather. . - f Sheep-Raising Pretty Well Spread Over Globe. . -Washington.--Under Turkey's "re-v cently announced tivtj-year industrialization plan wool production and manufacture will be among the four major industries encouraged, by the govern , ment; - - V-»-v "It is-.natuTrkl try is Included in the new Turkish plan because,wool is one of th^ world's basic commodities." says a bulletin from the National Geographic society. "A meeting of all .the world's wool growers would reveal a motley gathering of all creeds and colors from Icelanders to South Africans, from Canadians to Argentines, from Siberians to Indians. There also would be present natives of many of the islands of thp seas," continues the bulletin. Sheep-raising is pretty well confined to the temperate zones. Sheep do not like very cold countries, nor do they thrive well in the tropics except at "high altitudes. Sheep Population. • "The world's sheep population 'is more than 500,000,t*l0--a quarter as great as the human population. The annual wprld clip of wool is more than enough to fill 1,333.000 one-ton trucks. Australia, although a comparative youngster in the wool industry, is the world's leading wool producer. India and China are the outstanding sheep countries of Asia. Argentina and Uruguay have the heaviest sheep population in South America. The greatest -concentration of sheep herds in Africa Is along the Mediterranean coastal zone from Gibraltar to Tunisia, ahd in South Africa. Every country of Europe raises sheep, but in Norway, Sweden and Finland there are few flocks, scattered over wide areas. The United States?, with upwards of 50,000,- 000 head of sheep. Is the only country in North America that has taken to wool growing in what conld be called a big way. "About four-fifths of the sheep In the United States graze in the mountains and on the plateaus and plains west.of the Mississippi river. First Use of Wool. "At In the case of cotton, historians and naturalists have been stumped by the query, 'when and where was wool first used.' Sheep and wool are "mentioned in (he Bible and it is known that the Romans practiced sheep breeding. Some of their prize animals wore jackets to protect the tleece." Shortly after the Christian era an Italian took several sheep from Italy to Spain to breed them with the native merino sheep. Incidentally, the merino sheep produce the finest of wools, and have been bred with many other inferior sheep to* Improve the latter's fleece. "The growth of the wool industry in the United States has been phenomenal. "By 1810, just two centuries after the first sheep arrived from England, there were 7,000,000 sheep grazing over the Settled area of eastern United States. ~ Owe Much to Sheep. "To. sheep, many regions of the world owe at leust partially their discovery and growth, for these unimals often have been the companions of pioneers. "While, in a few remote regions of the United States, homespun is worn, factories have almost entirely erased the home industry from this country. One of several hundred modern American manufacturing companies normally operates 00 wool mills that employ 40,000 Workers. A display of one company recently Included 3,500 different styles of wool fubri^s. "Wool greatly differs in quality. The same breed of sheep in the same country may produce different qualities of wool. The best wool grows on -a sheep's shoulders and sides. "When a sheep Is sheared the fleece holds together. The whole tleece then is tied and with other complete fleeces Is placed for shipment In bags containing from 190 to 800 pounds each. - : * "At the factory expert workmen sort the wool. Some sorting tables are covered with wire netting through which dust and other loose foreign matter falls while the sorters tear the fleeces apart. In some wool growing countries wool is washed before it is sheared from the sheep. Unwashed fleeces contain grease from the skins Of the animals. After sorting, the wool la scoured by passing It through a series of vats of warm, soapy water.. From the washers it is conveyed to drying rooms and thence to carding rooms where it begins the journey that ends in woolen cloth and other wool products. Worsted fabrics are made of yarns whose fibers are parallel, while woolens are made of fibers crossed and mixed. Foreign matter that cannot be washed from the tleece is destroyed by chemicals. Burrs Iff* removed by machinery. "Wooi is constantly moving la commerce. Although the United states normally produces about oue-teutb of the world's annual wool clip. It is oaly a little more than half of the wool required by American cloth and carpet manufacturers. American manufacturers call upon the wool growers of Australia, Argentina. Uruguay. South Africa, China, England, ami unuiy less important wool-producing countries for additional raw material. England Is the leading importer of wool, for most yt the export wool from all the leading wool-producing regions of th« gtotw Is shipped to British markets. Much i»f It Is reshtpped to other coaotrtsa. London is the largest wool market mi As ;t r . _ « 1 .. . ,-v "-Ss... '*>.**x£ss.) !L,