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_____â€"_______â€"â€"__â€"â€"â€"â€"________â€"â€"â€"'Tâ€"â€"â€"_â€"â€"â€"_â€"-_â€"â€"â€"__1â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"- IBRONOIIITIS “ THE SEARCH FOR THE SOUTH POLE Hardly in; has been none In. that Din-cu ‘ \u Haifa Centuryâ€"Prospects of Conic plued New Expeditions. The first navigator who passed Cape Horn. led by a spirit of discovery and investiga- tion, was the French Captain Frczier, who was sent by the King into these frozen regions 1716. He was the first to put on record a description of the phenomenon called aurora borealis north of the equator, and byaname to indicate its locality when seen in the direction of the south pole. It appears that between the northern light and the southern light there are some striking points that tend to prove some difierence in magnetic conditions. The electrical display at both poles occurs simultaneously, and seemsto correspond on an immense scale with the discharges from the positive and negative poles of a batterv. The French King, Louis XV , never ap- pearsto have had many impulses toward usefulness, but there was one notable ex ception. Inspired by a curious work from the pen of the President of the Parliament of Dijon, which called attention to the un- equal distribution of land and water on the - surface of the globe, be resolved to seek in the southern seas a new India, the explora- tion of which could enrich improverished France. 80 BJugainville was sent to estab- lish a colony in the Malcceiness Islands, ,just south of the Straits of Magellan, with Instructions to explore the unknown regions further to the south. While Bougainville was thus engaged tuthe southwest of Cape Horn, Kerguelen was sent in 1872 to per- form asimilar task to the southeast of the Cs pe of Good Hope, or to the south of what we call the Indian Ocean. It was during this voyage that he discovered the land that now bears his name. It is A BARBEN ISLAND. utterly useless from the standpoint of human occupation, haunted by strange birds and curious amphibians, with its mountain tops so covered with snow that it makes the sum. mers cold even for the latitude ; yet he rep- resented it when he returned as a paradise. A second expedition was sent with a view to discover the truth, the command of which strangely enough, was given to Ksrguelen himself. That the truth might not be known, he allowed no one to land. He cir- cumnavigated the island and returned to France. But the truth could not beconceal. ed. He was tried by a court martial, de- rived of his rank, and sentenced to prison. 6 was pardoned shortly after by Louis the XVI., and (lied, swc rd in hand, during the Revolution in a naval battle with the Eng- lish. In 1802, under the Directory, an ex- edition was sent to the Antarctic Ocean. t landed on King's Island, between Tas- mania and New Holland, but being warned off by the English, who werejust beginniue to send their criminals into the region, left without accomplishing anything. In 1772 Capt. Cook left Plymouth with the Resolution and Adventure with the in- tention of passing the Cape of Good Ho e and exploring the high southern latitu es south of the Indian Ocean. In December of that year he met the first floating ice, and later was in danger from immense flat blocks, a considerable part of which was above water, but bore little resemblance to the icebergs of the northern seas. He skirted the polar sea, holding his course eastward, and passed the winter in islands near New .Zsaiand. The following season he went fur- ther south, nearly to the polar circle, still holding his general course toward the east, discovering several islands, and having nu- merous adventures. It is not necessary to follow him in his wanderings, nor repeat the tale of his death. Curiously enough, he ex- pressed the opinion that no one would ever dare go further south than his ultima thule, the dangers were so terrible. He could not foresee what would happen in this age of steam. The Russians appeared on the scene in 1803. Two vessels, the Nadedga and Neva, in that year doubled Cape Horn, but return- ed without making any new discoveries. In 1819 Bellinghausen with twn ships went south by way of the islands of South Geor- gia, meeting the wall of ice at 60 degrees. Going further west he succeeded in pushing on to nearly 61 degrees when he was again STOPPED or run WALL or ms, with no land in sight. It was nearly the ex- treme point to which Cook had attained. Moving still further west, he succeeded in penetrating considerably within the A:ctic circle, or, as was claimed in 1852 by Prince Galitz‘n, to the 831 degree. This is not considered exact, though the expedition was successful. It discovered several islands, some of them with high mountains, and finally returned safely to Cronstadt. To the Russians succeeded theEngiish. Capts. Smith and Weddell, the lust of whom made an adventurous voyage with two small vessels, one of sixty the other of sixty-five tons burden, setting out in 1822 He dis- covered islands which he named the Shit- lands, Orcades. and Farve, the last being on the sixty-fifth parallel. He re-ched latitude 74 degrces. It was an adventurous and remarkable voys e for vessels of the class. In 1830 Capt iscoe, in two vessels better suited to the purpose. pmetrated to 69 degrees and discovered Euuerby's Land. Soon afterward there appears on the records of Southern discovery the name of an Ameri- can Whaler, Capt. Morel], who does not appear to have added anything substantial to the stock of Antarctic information. The French resumed the work of discovery ofliciaily in lSl7. when an expedition was sent out under command of Monsieur D3 Frsyciuet. It collected considerable valuable information, but was wrecked returning home. The next was of great importance, commanded by the celebrated Dumont d U:- vllie. the same who on a previous expedition in 1820 in the archipelago of Morea had hap- pened to land on the Island of Milo just as a Greek peasant spading in his field had unearthed the stone of Venus, now known by that name. He bought it and brought it to France. and it is now one of the most remarkable works to be seen at the Louvre. Besides the expedition commanded by d'Ur- ville, there were twa others in preparation at the same moment, one from America, commanded by Capt. Vi likes, the other Eug- lish, commanded by Capt. Rise. The French IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIII-IIII-I-I-I-III-lIl-I _______________.__â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"â€"- 00m Sowine.r .isa process conducted by the agency of tight boots all the year round. Corn reap- ing is best conducted throuh the agency of Putnam's Painless Corn Extractor, the only safe and surc- p corn cure. Putnam's in the field. The re. explorer was the first like that of several cord of his voyage is predecessors, ONLY Mons anvzsrunous. He met the floadng ice at about the same point, and advanced into it boldly, changing his point of stuck when he found too great a resistance. What he accomplished then with a sailing vessel shows what results can now be accomplished by vessels moved by steam, strengthened and eqsipped with all the modern appliances of polar exploration. The Wilkes expedition had similar exper- iences, but showed less energy, and spent a short time comparatively in dangerous prox- imity to the ice. ‘ The results of the Russ expedition are more interesting. All three penetrated to about the same degree of south latitudeâ€" that is, between seventy-four and seventy- five degrees, where, if anywhere, appears to exist something that suggests an Antarco tic continent. Yet, as Wilkes and Dumont only sighted it, and Russ only skirted its borders for a distance of about 100 miles, it may, after all, be alarms island. This mys- terious land is called Victoria Land, is sur- rounded by a perpendicular wall of ice, or of rock coated with ice, 200 feet in height, over which, all that vessels could see, when atsome distance. was only two lofty volca- noes, oue in active operation. N 0 bay or inlet appeared anywhere to break this mo- notonous wall, and the vessels, only having sails, dared not approach for fear of being dashed to nieces. A modern Arctic steamer might be bolderâ€"might in fact, in a short time skirt it if it is an island, or move far enough along its‘ shores to discover some harbor where it might safely lie up for the winter. This place, thus marked by two volcanoes, is the point where FUTURE EXPLORING EXPEDITIONS must commence. It is afact to be noted that the two ships commanded by R )88 were the Erebus and the Terror, the same afterward commanded by Dr. John Frank. liu in his ill-fated voyage toward the north pole, and that he (Franklib)was at this tim 3 Governor of New South Wales. These three expeditions were begun and finished between 1838 and 1842, or nearly fifty years ago. Since then nothing has been done worth mentioning to extend their discoveries. In 1874 the Challenger went into the Antarctic Ocean, but merely to dis. cover what points would be most eligible for observing the coming transit of Venus. It was supplied with appliances for deep- seasoundings. It visited Victoria Land, the point of greatest interest, but made no useful observations. It only demonstrated the fact that a steam vessel could accom- plish in a few days with ease and cpmpara- tive safety what had required sailing ves- sels months to accomplish. This is the situation at present. The Germans of Ham- burg and the Americans are contemplating a new expedition to the south pole, and the French scientists, whose navrgators and whose Government are not for a mom'ent in a position to undertake a serious work of the kind, are urging them to the effort by showing how good and noble it is to perish in the cause of science. The dangers about the south seem less than about the north pole. There is a vast amount of floating ice, but the "alps" are less vigorous. No vessel appears ever to have been caught and crushed in this pack, though some of the adventurous craft were more cockieshells. No vessel ever went pre- pared to spend a winter in the ice, but wintered at some small island or put further north. This experiment must now be tried. A winter must be passed at the most ex- treme point, and a start made as early as possible in the spring in order to no as near- Iy as possible to the pole and returnlthe same summer. Some think that open water will be found beyond the ice pack. A second or third vessel should be kept in reserve to go to the relief of the other, or others, the second summer. __â€"â€"_â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"<‘>â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-â€"-â€"â€" Arrested 131 Times. Not long ago a man was before aNew York judge, who asserted he had been arrested 131 times. We believe there is one disturber of society who has broken this record. We refer to the insidious disease consumption, which, when taken in time, is always arrested by the use of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. It has an un- paralleled record as a cure for coughs, colds, and all forms of pulmonary diseases. It is a reliable tonic and alterative, or blood- purifier, to be found at every drug store, and should be kept in every house. A corsige bouquet of violets is an indis- pensable appurtenance to a fashionable young lady out for a promenade. Catarrh is a common disease, so common that snufli 1g and “hawking” reach you at every turn. Your foot slips in its nasty discharge, in the omnibus or in church, and its stench disgusts at the lecture or concert. The proprietors of Dr. Sage's Citarrh Remedy offer $500 reward for a case of Catarrh which they cannot cure. Remedy sold by druggists, at 50 cents. Chicago had a real estate deal the other day at the rate of Si 05 per square inch. Truth is Tou rh. Does not Mr. Bryant say ihat “ Truth will get well if she is run over by a locomo- tive. while error dies of lockjaw if she scratches her finger." The truth about Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets will be found hard to suppress. All who take them find them gentle in their action but true in their work. Don't be afraid of mercury or anything harmful in them. They are purely vegetable and perfectly harmless. No use of taking the large repulsive, The pellets (Little larger than mustard seeds. Tney cure Sic Headache, Biiious Hea lacho, D zziness, Constipation, Indigestion, and Bilious At- tacks ; ‘25 cents a vial, by Druggists. Besides cotton fabrics, washing fimnels and silks are extensively used for summer dresses. All ladies' should write to Mr. Henry Davis, 2232 Yonge S:., Toronto, for his New Price List of Berlin Wools, Silk and Ar- rassene Embroideries, which gives full par- ticulars and everything required for Fancy “'crk. It will be sent free on application. Consumption Surely Cured. To the Editor :â€" Please inform your readers that I have a tive remedy for the above named disease. y is: timely use thousands of be less cases have been rmanently cured. shall be glad to sen two bottles of to remedy free to an of your readers who ave oon« sum tion R they will send me thslrugépyren and . 0. address. 'y, TL 8 M, 51.0.. 164 West Ads 83.. Toronto. A.P. H5 nauseous pills. . Liver Pills) are scarcely : OUREO. After spending Ten Winters South, was Cured by Scott’s Emulsion. 14.6 Centre St. New York. June 25th. 1888. The Winter after the great fire In Chicago I contracted Bronchial affections, and since then have been obliged to spend nearly every Winter South. Last Novemberwae advised to try Scott's Emulsion of Cod-LIverOllwIth Hypophosphitee and to my su rprIse was relieved at once, and by continuing its use three months was entirely cured. gained flesh and strength and was able to stand even the Bliz- zard and attend to business every day. 0. T. CHURCHILL. Sold by all Dnrggisfs.50¢. and $1.00. ATEN’I‘S procured. Patent Attorneys and experts ; Eet'd 1867. Donald C. Ridout d: Co..'roronm. NIUSICAJ‘ iuS'r'nUMENTS.â€"Send for our Large Illustvatod Catalogue of Band Instru- ments, Violins, Guitars, Flutes. etc., and all kinds of Trimmings Agent for Frenches and DeVVitts Plays. BUILAND'S MUSIC STORE, 87 King St. West, Toronto, Ont. Villl'ilJ’ll BUSINESS COLLEGE, Guelph, are v ow employedesBsos-keepers,Businesihlana ers, Stencgraphers, etc., by many of the largest bus oess houses in Canada and the United States. Young men and women des'ringa thorough business educa- tion will consult their own welfare by attending the Guelph Business College. For terms and particulars address M. MacCoanicx, Principal. GENTSâ€"Susanne roa rns Hons, to illuminate the pathway of life. Giving the best thoughts of all lands in cheering words. to Comfort, Encours and Inspire the Fathers, Mothers, Sons and daugh- ters of our land. Edits I by Walter Scott Vail, with an introduction by Rev. J ho Hull, D. D. A volume of 275 Selected Gems in Prose aui Poetry. from the writings of the anicst authors of all lands. Terms liberal. WM. BRIGGS, Publisher, Toronto. 00 HMERCIAL AND SIIORTIIAND EDUC L TION is a reliable arquirement for every Usrvsssrrr, Public Library Building. Toronto, for particulars. THOS. BENGOUGH, CHAS. H. BROOKS, President. 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