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j. t How filial} SLEEP. Some [utensil .. Dres- Ststlaues cleaned by a Russian University. An interesting investigation upon the shave suijct has recently been made under the auspices of the University of Darpath, Russia. Some 500 circuler were sent out with stories oquitedefinite questions, whieh were answered with equal detail by 151 stu- dents, “3 other males, 142 females. The result for the two sexes were so different that they demand separation, while the stu~ dents formed a homogeneous class interest. ing as a special study. The first problem that was proposed was the relation between the frequency and the vividncss of dreams. It appears that 62.5 per cent. of those who dream every uignt dream vividly, 60 5 per cent. of those who dream frequently, and only ‘26 8 per cent. of those who dream sel~ dom, showing that the vivldness of dreams increases very rapidly with their frequency. Next, how is the intensity of sleep related to the frequency of dreams? Of the stu. dents who dream nightly. 68 per cent. have alight sleep (and only 23 per cent. have a deep sleep); of those dreaming frequently, 40 per cent. : of those dreaming seldom, 32 8 per cent. Similar percentages for the other males are 63 8, 4'2 1, and 39 3 and for no men, 72 46 and 50 per cent. We conclude, then, that frequent dreams are a concomit ant of light sleep, though the relation is far from universal. As regards sex, Women have 73 per cent. of their number DREAM [NG NIGHTLY or frequently, while students have only 50 per cent. and other males 48 per cent. Again, 63 per cent. of the women sleep lightly and only 42 per cent. of students, and 44 per cent. of other males. We con- clude, then, that women have a very much lighter sleep than men, and that their dreams are proportionately more frequent. Another conclusion the evidence of which is too detailed at present, is that as we grow older our dreams become less frequent, but our sleep becomes lighter, age affecting inten- sity of sleep more than frtqueuoy of dreams. The author regards the students as in the period of maximum dreaming (20 to 24 years of age ). The deep sleep of childhood (hos ti‘e to frequency of dreams) is then least counter-balanced by the lessening of dreams due to age. The vividness of dreams shows a similar relation to age and sex : the women dream most vividly ; the students, being younger than the other men, have more vivid dreams. The power of remembering dreams is also dreams is also dependent upon vivid- ness and friquenoy of dreaming; it is ac- cordingly greatest in women and greater in students than in more mature men. The liveliness of run EMOTIONAL NATURE, a prominent feature of women and youth, seems thus to be marked out as the causative agent in the production of dreams. The dur- ation of sleep should naturally be related to the habit of dreaming, but in the men no such relation can be discovered. In the wo- men, however, it appears that those who dream frequently sleep nearly an hour longer than those who seldom dream. This differ- ence is regarded as due to the fact that men are more under duty to break short their sleep and thus vitiate the statistics. This is corroborated by the frlquency with which the men who dream frequently declare them- selves tired in the morning, indicating in- complete sleep. The need of sleep is greater in women than in men, the duration of sleep being longer and the percentage of tired morn- ing and evening and of not tired being 3:0 2and 2 to 3 respectively as compared to the men. Students sleep longer and are less tired than other men. The time needed to fall asleep is about the same in :all three classesâ€" 20 8 minutes for the men. 17.1 minutes for students, and 21.2 minutes for the women. In each case, however, it takes longer for those who are it- quent dreamers and light sleepers to fall asleep than porous of opposite characteristics. Eight per cent. of students sleep uninterruptedly through the night, 70 per cent. of other men, and only 43 per cent. of women. Light sleep and frrquent dreams increase the interrupt- edness of sleep. The power of fallingasleep at will is possessed by few. It is greater in youth than in age. Twenty-eight per cent. of men, 19 per cent. of students, and 20 per cent. of women sleep in the afternoon, indicating a making up of insufficient sleep on the part of the men. The efl'ect of dream habits upon mental work is also evident. must: “no bum.“ SELDOM or sleep deeply, are better disposed f.r work in the forenoon than light sleepers and frequent dreamers. The forenoon seems in general to be the preferred time of work. The statistics regarding nervousness confirm the accepted fact that this is greater among students than other men at large. It is, too, a concomitant of light sleep, and fre- quent dreams. As to temperament, the phleg- matic people are quite constantly deep sleeping and infrequent dreamers. Finally a contrast between teachers and professors of the same avers e age shows the eflect of the occupation. he teacher with his daily toil, hasa li htor sleep and more frrquenr dreams, whi e the professor, leading a com- paratively congenial and worriless life, is a deeper sleeper and a less frequent dreamer than the teacher. Playine Pious Before His Majesty. The Emperor of Russia, when upon a tour of inspection in the provinces. passed the night in the simple but of a toll~taker. Be- fore retiring he was pleased, as head of the Church, to see the old man take up the Bible and read a chapter, “Do you read often, my son?’ he asked. "Yes, your Majesty, every day.” “How much of the Bible have you read. my son?" “During the past year, the Old Testament and part of Matthew, your Majesty." Thinning to reward him, the Czar placed 500 rounles between the lens es of the book of Mark on the following morning, unknown to the tall-keeper, whom he bade farewell. Sever- al months passedawa'y and the Emperor returned, upon a second tour to the toll- tsker's but. Taking the Bible in his hands he was surprised to find the 500 roubles intact. Again interrogating the toll keeper as to his diligence in reading, he meived an affirmative answer and the statement that he had finished the chapters of L ike. “Lying. my son, is a great sin," replied his Majesty; "give me the Bible till lsee." Opening the book, he painted to the money j Which the man had no: seen. “Thou hast not sought the Kingdom of God, my son. As punishment. thou shall also lose thy earthly reward." And he placed the roubles in his pocket, to distribute afterward among the neighboring poor. Tte Art of Jelzy Maktng. There are jellies and jellies. Ordinarily it is safe to pass by the reaping sweetmear whose taste is lost in sugar, or is a sharp ac .l, with a decided flavor of the pan in which it was made. You can taste the tin or metal in most of the jellies and fruit preserves shown. A few times in life, however yl-u come upon such a glass of jelly as I found an a Pilgrim hous'ehold, at and Plymouthâ€"wild grape jelly, kept three years in a pit of oil gilt crystal, which perfumed the house when opened with its wild, fine odor. Jelly ma: - ing is an art, the height of the housekeeper a skill, for it demands keen taste, nicely and promptness to insure perfection rather than the twenty minutes‘ boiling and the pound for pound of sugar which most women imagine all there is of jellymaking. To have the soul of one fruit in its flavor, it must be picked in its first firm ripeness, justwhen the dew is dry on a sunny forenoon, about ten minutes from the boiling pan. The stoneware preserving pans are best for all fruit uses, and a kerosene stow, with an iron stove-lid under the pan, works quickly, with- out overheating jelly or jelly-maker. Oniy a quart of juice snould be pressed at a time, and made up as quickly as possible. Stand- ing, it loses flavor and develops sharp fer- ment, which gives the edge to so much of the jelly offered. Everything must be scru- pulously clean, and a bowl of clean water ready for rinsing spoons and cups. The finest jellies are made without heat. A sunny day before a storm, when the tea kettel boils away fast, is the best day for boiling jelly as the juice evaporates faster, but jelly by the cold process needs fair, settled weather. A damp, muggy day is enough to spoil any preserves made on it. Use the best oonfectioners’ sugar for jelly, or roll and sift the granulated until it is fine and will dissolve quickly. Have the sugar measured and glasses ready before pressing the juice. Press and strain through flannel, without squeizsng or stirring, but moving the juice to fresh parts of the straining cloth, as it becomes clogged. On careful straining depends the crystal clearness of the j elly which is read of, alas I oftener than seen. Repeated straining lessens the flavor. What remains on the cloth should be scraped off for marmalade, but jelly requires the first run of the fruit. Use three-fourths of a cup of sugar to a cup of strained juice, stirring spoonful by spoonful into the bowl, and con- tinuing to stir till the sugar is entirely dis- solvedâ€"ten to fifteen minutes. Then pour into glasses and set in the full sunshine. A table on an open porch, or a broad shelf outside the window, is the best place, cover- ing each tumbler with one of the small lquares of glasses that come in honey boxes. In time moisture gathers on the underside of the glass, and it must be turned and wiped dry, ch‘ nging the position of the jelly to keep it always in the sun. Sometimes it must be exposed for a week before it comes firm. But usually two or three hours is enough, and the juice jellies on the edge ( f the bowl before pouring out. The flavor of fruit is kept in full freshness by this method, and the jelly is not so likely to mold as when boiled. When thoroughly firm, lay disks of white paper out to fit the glass, dipped in salad cil and drained, on the top of the jelly, and cover with tin covers or paper brushed on both sides with white of egg or the thick water of boiled rice. Keep all preserves in a dry, cold, dark place, away from other provisions. For boiled jellies, set the boiling rapidly, and sift in the heated sugar, spoonful by spoonful, not to check the boiling, using «qual care neither to scorch nor cool the fruit. The best manufacturers say the se- cret of high flavor is to keep fruit boiling as rapidly as possible till the juice is evaporat- ed enough to jelly, which should be ten minutes, but in domestic methods is twenty. The only way to tell when it is done is to drop a little on a cold saucer, to see if it thickens. Then take it off, cool in a draft, and pour into dry, clean glasses, which seal as before. Powdered sugar on the top pro- tecls from mold as well as the oil paper, and parsfline paper, closely fitted, may be used in place of the latter. More care should be given to secure variety of fltvor and fruits for jelly. Apple jolly is fine if made from high- flavored, acid. white-fleshed varieties, like the Orange Pippin, or Bel'flower, boiling the skins and seeds, tied in cheesecloth, with the juice, which heightens the flavor. For the finest jelly, press two quarts of cider and put it to simmer : pare five pounds of apples, slice and boil in the cider over a brisk fire till the fruit is melted down ; strain and boil again with ten ounces of sugar to the pound of juice. This may be flavored with lemon being required for the above amount of applesâ€"or with quince. The quince itself is at the head of fruits for preserving, and should be boiled with all the seeds and clean parings to get its high flavor. The Japanese quince is esteemed as a jelly fruit in Southern States, where it fruits freely. Wild grape jelly is the' finest known if properly made, by cooking the whole grapes in a stone pot in the oven before straining. White currant jally is delicious. Cherry jelly is piquant in the highest degree, but should be cooked without stirring the fruit. llarherry jelly is valuable for ccnsumptives as well as a high relish for game. Boil four pounds of picked barberries in three quarts of water until soft: strain and boil with ten ounces of sug tr to the pound of juice. Pine- apple jelly is one of the whitest and clearest kinds, admired for a luncheon treat with ice cream. Green gages make a snbacid jelly, very pleasing to serve with ceke at an old- fashioned tea. Capital Punishment. Teacher, describing experiences of the day to a friend : “ In order to punish Johnny Hansom I caused him to sit beside Miss Fresh, the prettiest girl in the school.” Friend-” And how did it work 3" Teacherâ€""Judge for yourself. The girl did not seem a whit disconcerted, and smiled so sweetly upon Johnny that he lost his head completely." ' Friendâ€"“ Why, that was capital punish» meat." The lino 1's Influeaca Upon the weather is accepted by some as real, by others it is disputed. The moon never attracts come from the tender, ach- ing spot. Putnam‘s Painless Corn Extrac- tor removes the mast painful corn in three days. This great remedy makes no sore spots, doesn't go fooling around a man's foot, but gezs to business at once, and efl'ects a cure. Don‘t be impcsed upon by substitutes and imitations. Get “Putnam's and. no other. Allan Lina Royal Mail Steamship: ‘ Cafeâ€"Min. ‘Heteora 83 Bit as Flour Barrels. Tbs letimore Sun says :â€"Dr. S. T. Per- kins, of Springfield, wimeesed the fall of meteors on Wednesday night In Prince George's county. “The night was quite dark," he said yesterday, in describing the phenomenon, “and the sudden flash caused by the shooting meteor Was startling. A huge glowing mass seemed to descend from the heavens at an angle of forty~five degrees. It was an irregular mass about the size of a flour barrel, and of great brilliancyâ€"a glow~ ing red heat. The country for miles around was lit up for a few seconds. It seemed to fall about one mile to the south-west of Bowie. As soon as I regained my eqnau- imity, for the wonderful si ht took my breath and elicited a scream rom my wife and children, i looked at my watch. It was 8.30. The second meteorite fell about forty minutes later. It was even larger than the first and much brighter. As near as I could judge, it fell about two hundred yards from the first Ihavs seen meteorites fall before, but none so bright as this.” The people of Bowie had much the same story to relate. Everyone for miles around thought it had fallen but a few hundred yards from his farmhouse. Capt. Edward Leonard, oi the steamer Ida, reported having seen a meteor on Wednesday night as the steamer was going up the Tread Avon river to Eastern Point. During the passage of the meteor the~eky had the appearance of a solid sheet of fire. Tan and meant shoes grow in fashions: his favor. WHY YOU SHOULD USE SCOTT’S EMULSION OF GOD LIVER OIL WITH HYPOPHOSPHITES. It is Palatable as Milk. It is three times as efficacious as ‘ plain Cod Liver 011. It 15 far superior to all other so- oalled Emulsions. It is a. perfect Emulsion, does not ' separate or change. It is wonderful as a. flesh producer. It is the best remedy for Consump- tion, Scrofuls, Bronchitis, Wast- ing Diseases, Chronic Cough and Golds. Sold by all Druggists, 50c. and $1.00. sacnsns can make money during vacation , by canvassing for one or more of our fast selling Books and Ethics, especially History of Canada, by IV. E. Withrow, D.D., latest and best edition ever published. prices low, terms liberal Write for illustrated circulars and terms. WM. BRIGGS Publisher, Toronto. 150 Second-Hand. Send for list T. L A N E. Mommas, Qua HELP“ 'BUSINESS COLLEGE Guelph, Ont.â€"'i'here are no vacations, the College being in session throughout the entire year. Its graduates are meeting With distinguished success as book keep- ers. business managers, shorthand-writers, court reporters. etc, Individual instruction is afeaturc of the m tit'ution Graduates assisted in obtaining positions. Address ‘ M MACCORMICK, Principz-l. AUTOMATIO SAFETY ELEVATORS Pat. hydraulic hand steam elevators. LEITCH 8s TURNBULL Canadian Elevator Works. Peter and Queen streets HAMILTON, ONT. -COMMERG|AL EDUCATION. Write for oliculsrs .from the largesl Commercial and shorthand College in Cnnain. Over three bun- dred pupils last year. Reopening Monday. Sep. 2nd. 1889. Addres:â€"-C.tl\l.ll)l.il\i Bl'n‘lh’En‘s UNIVERSITY. Public Library Bui ding, Toronto. 11:03. Bssoouon, Cnss H. Baooxs, President. Secretari and Manager. BARKER’S SHORTHANO SCHOOL, ~15 King Street East. Toronto, formerly for over five years Principal of the shorthand Institute in con- nection with the Canadian Business University. Typewriting Department under the management of Ms. GEORGE BENGOUGH, Agent for the Remlngton Typewtriiter. Apply for Circular. Mention this paper wn no. Sallln (hiring winter from Portland everyTbursday and En fax every Saturday to Live cal, and in sum- mer from Quebec every Saturday torglverpcol, calling at Londonderry to land mails and passen era for Scotland and Ireland ; also from Baltimore, v a Hall- fax and St. John's, N. F., to Liverpool fortnightly during summer months. The steamers of the Glas- ow lines sail during winter to and from Haliffax crtland, Boston and Philadelphia; and durin sum- mer between Glas cw and Montreal weekly ; G sgow and Boston wee y, and Glasgow and Philadelphia fortnightly. ‘ For freight, passage or other information ap ly to A. Schumachsr ill 00., Baltimore ; 8. Cunard g 00., Halifax: Shea k 00.. it. John's. Nfld.: Wm. Thomp. son A 03., St John, N 8.; Allent 0).. Chicago Love I Amen, New York; H. Bourllsr, Toronto; Aliens, Rae a Go , Quebec; Wm. Brookle, Phlladsl p‘ils: H. A Allen Portland Boston “cafe-fl. P ATE GLASS Delivered anywhere in Canada. Largest Stock Lowest Prices. McCausland & Son, 72 T076 KINO STREET WEST, TORONTO - Artificial Limbs ._.: FOR CIRCULAR ADDRESS: J. DOAN & 00-, 8: Norihcote Ave, Toronto. Ont TORONTO ONSERVATORY GOVERNMENT CHARTER. Hon. 0. w. ALLAN I000 Total Attendance first 2 years- . ._____â€"-_.__.__....____â€"â€"â€" OF MUSIC. - . Pneszntrrr. [Ll I..';.’.l.'.“.‘:~ tauzlzt. â€"Ins:rumen:a‘. and Vocal m':~~ir:; " In’m;m;e~. Sclxolnrxidp», certiilxdceuiipi’» Free Theory. Violin. concerts and Lectures. N-t: Fall.c-.',::.n students, banks the nu: of §c\:rflj prucure and GRAND CONCERT ORGAN, built '. :utx'm. m4». piste church organs. can have inserts, m..rals upon :. _ _ . Cr; sl'.'51r the C. nien'atcry, in Association Hall. suM‘MER NORMAL TERM, quyS to Aug. 1:). Send {it free EDWARD FISHER, Director, FALL TERM OPENS fiem. 4. A-‘.lr'-~~ cor. \"cnze SI. and Wilton mew Toronto. of #633353; 13W The Penhedhyl MONEY .................. â€" cheeses-xiv. Apply“ l BEATTY, GHADWIGK, BLACKSTOOK a till.1 2 Barristers and Solicitors, so Automatlclnjector mums, m. cm, (,,,,,,,, “5..., v 1‘ 10,000 in use in Canada : l TbRONTO. ONT. 25,000 in usein the United OHOlOE FARMS FOR SALE IN ALL PARTS Of States. They are simple and cost less than ! MAN I I 0 BA. other makes, while performing the ssmâ€"' work. They start eesy at 25 lbn, and wtrk Parties wishing to purchase imprmed Manuela Farms, from so sore- upeads, with lnmsdfats work to 1501bs ; Lift water lSto 20 ft , and :possession. call or write to G. l. statues, Kev work from a head as well. Automatic and restarting when current to boiler is broken. -Arthur’s ock,hlaln st, Winnipeg. information furnished res of charge, and settlers assisted to Send for circular to main t flies, making selection. Penbertlly lnjecior 00,, Detroit Mich MONEY To 1.0“ Factories Windsor, Can, and Detroit, Mich. Ar Conam Rana or Insurer Iatraov .r Mentlon this paper. ‘ENgleXlLNc J.L.JONES. I cANcERzzilk-rmmcum;mhia, ILLUSIRATIvt ‘ WOODENGRAVER‘ l No cartriiigzlfi’ssiwficlgifk a ADVERTISING \\‘.'°-K9NG STREET Eaar. PUR FOS ES. @I' TORONTo, CANADA BAYER LINE STEAMSIIIPS. Sailing Weekly between MONTREAL Ind _ mammoth Saloon Tick-its, 840, 850 and :00. Return Tickets, 880 $90 and 8110, according to steamer and accommodation. Intermediate 330, Round Trip Tickets. $60. Steerage, 8220. Apply to u. E. MURRAY, General Manager Canada Skip- ping Co., I Cusron Honss Sccsus. Morrraaab. or to Lcoai Agents in all Towns and Cities. Keep up Your Strength BY TAKING CHIEF OFFICE, ROOM O,AROAOE, - TORONTOOANADA (INCORPORATED-l A MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOC’S. SOLID INVESTMENTâ€"Br paying to the above As-ooiatnn 08E CaNI‘ PER DaY, a person and twentr-two, and two cents per day a person Igl‘d forty four can secure Five Dollars per week wn ile disabled through sickness or accident, also for no and three cents per dav. persons aged as above can secure for their dependants, rive Hundred Dollars i . event of death. LIVE STOCK OWNERS can provide against lo s by death through disease or acoiient of their stock. at easy rates. Those interested, send fnrprospestu s :t;.t Reliable Agents wanted ip unrepresented dis- r c s. “'lllLIAM JONES, Managing Director. The Orient. Strength Giver THE ONLY \"lttll'llll'l‘ “ION Sectional “1th Wind .Vlill manic. Strong, durable and ower- ful; never was down down. uper- ior to all others both geared and for pumping. Do not invest money in a wooden mill when an iron mill can be purchased as llALLAOAY STANDARD ll’lNlllllLl.S. cheaply. Will give one at wholesale price where they For supplying cons antlv pure and fresh water for the . :ggtggttgiligfizefifigé é Pum m watgpllowlnz purposes viz; Th 4.65.: "f l ..,.,, - ‘ now for price list. This ad. pm: Stock' 1 pe'rfecflyey cg: may not appear again in this paper. Acns'ls \VAKTKD. {ann‘gundiugs’ . troémmeingwee 4 Address .I. .llt'l‘Llfl. Mnrltdnlc, Ont. Ians ons, : an moi: rm in Villa Residences speed. m... _ . Gm... m... CHAT FANNINO MILLS. Institutons, forchmcutting ' , Sold \Vith or With- Gardens. root pulping, - ontthe Bugger threshing, saw- ingwood, grit d- ing corn, etc., etc. Also manu- Green H ‘uses, Town a Village Waterworks. Hotels, Colleges 1700 Now in Use. 1500 of these Mills have bren sold this N j Pumping far facturers offeed 2:} season slreadvzlhey Railway » ', grinders,hn)irg 4i will be exhibited at S ations, tools, ircn and E l ' . all fheleadinlt fairs Firs Prateotion, " wood pumps, gg‘ ‘ ~Toront0, Ottawa, Irrigation, -; and a full lmeol 0" Klngston,Balnilton ill; Tauneries, Railway. Town. j and London THE rAaN Breweries, I..-,l“arm.and0rna- :sLSurpssses all Sewage, Mines,, - dimentfll Water others in the mar- Drsip‘ing d ,» luppli; guy-Berl- let, Dr. not buy ow Lsn s, _ .- - v'a 8. It turns u iii no at m There c'le- ‘ ‘_- Ella Price L‘s”. :friouldrs an: infer): brated Wind-r mills are made from one man to fcr'yhorse-pow 7' 0N1‘ABIO PUMP ()0 . Toaosro, 0513., Oaxaca with references, mailed free on ‘ application to . matlnn. Our [‘at- _ V . (-nt Bugging Appar- ” ’ '* l... utus saves time and labor. “'Ill bag 00 to 80 bushels per hour and can be attached t) any of the machines male by us dur- ing the last four yen s Agents wants (1. ('MANSON OAMPBELL, MAN'R, OHATHAM FIRE-PROOF OHAMPIONS 'With Upright or Horizontal Boilers. :2, 16, go, 25 } Suitable for all work. Threshin Sawing, V - and 3° HP' gbricltmaking,et<:. Mention this pape Traction Engines 12, 16 and 20 Horse-power. STRAW-BURNING ENGINES i For the North-\Vcst. Send {or Circular. _ - I, Waterous Engine WOPKS Go. BRANTFORD ans WINNIPEG.‘ Gonfeoeration ‘ZLifc 'I' O R O N TO. THE: HOME COMPANY. ova: $8, 0 0 0’0 OASSETS AND CAPITAL SIR. W. P. ROWLAND, President. w. c. Humanism} Tm. armor, s. HOOPER, -,_.._,'-_ Wu» 5...-..” ' 1.1. K. HACDOKAL',’ 0. at ‘â€" "IN'JBJr'rYEARS?