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..- ..,..«.._,.M.....,.,.WW A... . ‘ . »"illAlhlllA FALLS Til-DAY. The Increasing attractiveness of the Wonder. The surroundings Pleasnnler Than liver- AII Purses Ammmodaicdâ€"Wnnt Does It 2 The Niagara Falls of today is a far more . t charmin and inviting spat than at any time in t s last thirty years. It is probably pleasanter than at any time since it became a resort; but I speak from my own experi- ence, which covers more than a quarter- century of frequent visits to the place. The changes for the better began with the re. aer vatiou, when the State of New York and the Dominion of Canada bought the lands each on its own side of the cataract. The reign of the pirate and highway robber ceased then and there. It had been grow- ing steadily worse, and even the men a ho shared in the spoils saw ruin in the con- tinuance. The extortions had become a by- word and reproach, and the Canadian peo- ple do not like to be swindled‘; " They spend money with the greatest imaginable reckâ€" lessness, provided they get something for it. The something may be a gross extrava- gance, but so long as it is not a cheat they will not murmur. The reform saved the falls as a resort. The place is recovering all its old-time popularity. and it is “ a nice place to go to,” as the ladies say. Speaking of spending money, one can get rid of as much or as little as one pleases. The highand holy privilrge of being econom- ical or as extravagant as one desires remains. There are hotelsfrom five dollars a day down One very leasant hotel charges fifty cents a meal and fty cents for lod ing ; but if you go, to the four-dollar and ve-dollar places you get food and accommodations that are worth the money. There is a cooknt one of the big houses who serves good savory food, and the rooms are large, cool and pleasant. So,too,_witli seeing the sights. For fifteen cents one can travel all about the American side of the falls, and the walking is free. A dollar will carry one person in comfort to all the interesting spots on both sides of the falls and many persons succeed in spending ten or fifteen dollars in doing the same thing. An elegant Victoria. or landua will cost five dollars for hulfâ€"n-duy, but you can get a. cheaper carriage for half that money. If one gets the best it is plea- santer, of course. All of us enjoy a beauti- ful, easy carriage, handsome horses and a polite, weildrnined driver. The luxury is agreeable to anybody. But if one does 30" care to spend the moncyithe Chef‘P' 3 two miles of distance, and allowing 500 men death. and scores were sent through his in- er ways are entirely comfortable. Here 158. table of expenditures for one who was extru- va ant, the time being twenty-four hours out the visitor arriving at his hotel by a five-minutcs‘ walk from the railroad station : Board one day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4 00 Carriage drive, evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ()0 Curringo, all morning . . . . . . . . . .. 5 00 Whirlpool, American side . . . . . . 25 Whirlpool rapids, Canada side. 50 Crossing brii ron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Going undcr ails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Maid of Mist trip (10 cents for elevator) . . 60 Maid of Mist (second trip, “ for fun "). . . . 60 Silly purchases. because the gcwgiiws were interesting and the attendants were polite, fees for waiters and money otherwise wasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18 95 That is the way about twenty dollars can take its flight. Now this is the way another man spent his money during the day from 8 A. M. to 5 P. M., having come to the falls by one of the many excursions: Around Goat Island, with several stops.. l5 Maid of the Mist tri l5 and eluvntor . . . . . . 60 New suspension brii go” ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Horse car tore down the river and back. . 10 Whirl iool rapids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a) Goodtinner.... .............. 50 $2 10 The trip on the Maid of the Mist is good fun, but it does not help one see the falls, and may be omitted without practical loss. The whirlpool rapids are not necessary to a. full impression of the falls, and by omniit- ting these two tri s actual expenditures are brou ht down on or a dollar. There are peop e who stay a week, finding plenty to see every do. and managing to get rid of n ten-dollar bill every twenty-four hours and still avoiding extravagance. ’ The point of the matter is this : That you are privileged to cut your garment to suit the cloth. A lon cha tcr might be written u on the vein ore o curiosities at the falls. T ey no longer bescigc you on romantic paths or interrupt you when upostrophising the glor~ ics of nature. They are not permitted on the Government rescrvntiousfliither side of the river, and confine themselves to their shops or the stands at. the entrance to the rapids elevators. They do not make you buy ; in fact, most of them are young wo- men who wouldn’t harm a fly. But they get you just the same, having a pcrsuasrve uminbility that can no more be denied than the spray from the falls. Teerc is never a suggestion of anything butadesire to please, to umkc you enjoy yourself, with the heart- icst sort of sympathy for you and your plea- sures. lllt‘l‘t‘ justthc same. “:1 J'H‘v‘sva “"W‘Tpfxb‘“Kw-"T’*:r.f'i‘S'Efl‘u“i:i‘<“.L‘-“-‘Efli':M73, was: smear.«-:s.r:wmwv:.wnzwear: w;»-.~.-w;r.rmmwemaxrrrmamensmewcssemmmzmmmssusmmuwmmmmm .. » 'i'-=r~1 ‘n d. ' THE SUN IS THEIR. TOWEL. A Glance at the African Satan's lumen and Life. At eatin the ue , havin alwa first washed his8 hands 53d r‘ ya sits upon the ground, holds the larger pieces l between his teeth while he cuts ofi‘a bite? with his knife, but does not use both hands tohold food, except in gnawing bones. With the usual dishes he lays his right arm over his knees, and, reaching into the pot, moulds the thick mess into lumps about i the size of a walnut, which he throws into ‘ his mouth with a jerk without scattering any of the food. To take out vegetables or I soup he presses a hollow into the lump and , dips with it. Politeness is shown to the host or the housewife after eating by smack~ ing loudly enough to be heard. u _ While the negro is capable of eating meat in an unpleasant state of decomposition he isvery sensitive against some tastes, and will make evident manifestations of his dis- like of them. He is careful about the outer matters in drinking. He will always rinse his mouth first, even when he is intensely! it in both hands, and he likes to sit down ! with it. If the vessel is large and open he 3 draws in the Water from the surface with his lips without bringing them in contact’ wtth the dish. Sometimes negrocs pour water into their months. When drinkingé at ponds and rivers the water is carried to l the mouth with the hand. For some mysticl reason it is considered bad to lie flat down i when drinking from rivers. The fear of? being snapped up by a crocodile may have." something to do with the matter. Crest attention is given in most of the? tribes to the care of the body. The teeth i are cleansed with a stick which has been? chewed into akiiid of brush. The hands are washed frequently, not by turning and twisting and rubbingthem together one} Within the other, as with us, but by a‘ straight up-nnd-down rubbing, such as is‘ given to the other limbs. This manner of _ .vashing is so characteristic that an African E might be distinguished by it from a Euro- perui Without reference to the color. The? sun is their only towel. : THE CZAR’S OAR IS SHOTPROOF, And an Army Guards the Railway When n». Travels. 'W‘nen the Czar travels in Russia the pre- cautions taken for his safety could not be; greater if he were in an enemy’s country. A l battalion of infantry is detailed for every? as the effective force of each battalion, every 5 spot of ground on both sides of the track is i covered by sentinels within easy distance of each-other. The Cmr is suddenly whirled; off to the station, accompanied by the chos- : cu twelve of his body guard, without pomp or circumstance, swiftly and silently. The . Czar always travels in a train of five car- riages. His carriage is built in a peculiar style. The windows, while ample for light, are 9 high so that a person sitting. down is invis- l ible from the outside, and the sides of the car are fortified with plates of steel conccal- ; ed in the ornamental woodwork, but strong 1 enough to resist a. bullet. There are two sentry boxes in the carriage, one at each end, , and each looking out at an opposite side 1 from the other. The gunrdsmen on duty in 1 these apartments are shut in from any ob- i servation of the interior of the carriage, but 1 at intervals of about two feet, the whole length of the saloon, are electric buttons , communicating with the guard chmnbers,as well as with the two carriages, one contain- ing the suite and the other, in the rear, oc- - cupied by the guardsmen not on duty. .1 So far, therefore, as the train itself is con- ; cerned, the Czar could be no more secure in St. Pctersburg. l The train .spceds or. to its destination without a halt, except on account of acci- dent. At a distance of not less than five , miles ahead is a. pioneer train, on which the { Imperial Director of Railways and the chief engineer of the particular railway on which 1 the Czar is travelling, always ride. As the 5 pilot train whizzes by the reserves along the line rush to arms and guard the sides of the railway, waiting until the Imperial train has passed, so that the spectacle is present of continuous lines of soldiery for hundreds of miles. Arrived at the end of his journey, the Czar is escorted to the quarters intended . for the imperial family. 1 The streets are guarded by special con- l stables, in the attire of citizens. Every ; property owner has been called upon to , supply one or more of these men at his own - expense to do duty when the sovereign ; makes a‘public appearance. The constables average one in ten of the crowd that throngs ; the streets, and being in ordinary d r-ess : they can mingle with the people, note what _ is said, and, perhaps, do something that willobtnin them regular employment among the secret police. With one-tenth the popu- lation engaged as spies upon the remainder, : with troops enough concentrated to stand a. formidable siege, and his faithful guards- men dogging every step, the Czar goes But» “3 remarked before: they get .throu h the forms of a visit to the ancient l capita of Russia or whatever city he may The whirpool rapids are visited b nearly choose to honor. everybody, and the sight is assured y equal to any at the falls. The whirlpool itself has, however, ceased to be a popular attraction. The sight is interesting, and the top of the cliff can be reachedeither by currio eor (with in two blocks, say,) by horse car. ut there are over 600 steps to be taken to reach the surface of the river where the real scene is alone visible, and the stairs are neither safe nor convenient. Few persons go down and the whirlpool is no longer a favorite point for visitors In its place is a wonderfully interesting journey by rail along the face of the cliff from just below the whirlpool to Lowistou. The trains leave hourly, and the trip may be recommended for those who stay more than a day at the falls. The falls are always dissp inting at first. They look so exactly like t 0 pictures that one fails to appreciate their grander. Then the im reasiou strengthens. and Idler-ward it stem ily we inpower. The fascination sometimes airly becomes a terror, holding one bound to the place and so gusting the splendor of Ivgmnd wi the roaring waters in theirawh leap. There are long and lovely,drives to be taken all around the falls for those who have the time to spend. On the Canadian :i‘lc. a little {mm the sightseer, the mth - is ttfi t houses an le admin?de ‘ . Glorious sunsetspiorg 3 . ~2“?‘«. on for the last fortnightlung drives 0â€".“ | ARomanoe of the Franco-German War.i A gallant officer has been taken from us (says a Continental “contributor to “ Hearth and Home ") by the death of General Sumpt, the Governor of the Invalides. During the war of 1870 he was terribly mutilated, losing 3 both his arms, and being otherwise very i much disfigured. A romantic anecdote hasl transpired with regard to the desceased ' general. In July, 1870, he became engaged - to be married to Mdlle Velletau. He was i then a strikingly handsome man, tall and ele ant, with a smiling and amiable face. Be ore the marriage could take place war broke out, and Sumpt was ordered to the front. When he returned, many long months afterwards, he was but a battered torso of his former self. His face scarred and disfigured, his two arms one, he presented apitiable appearance. e at once proposed to his fiancee to give her back her liberty. Of course, you know the rest. It was the old, old story. No true-hearted woman ever had but one repl for proposals of this description. Mdlle. elletan said her love for her betrothed was unchanged, and, if 'ble, she loved him the more for the very which had entailed so muchsacrifiee. The marriage took place. and proved exceed. ingl happy. Mdme. Sump, who survives her usband. is agrand-daughter of Dr. mm. say. quarter to 7 until quarter to 9 in Volletan, the physician of the great Napo- . .. vmg have been puredelight. .leon. REMABKABLB TEACHER! _ What a Sthlllst Can Do. The recent arrest of the Nihilist, Degmof. in south Russiafor the murder of Soudieikin, was the termination of as remarkable a his mouth, career as a Russian Nihilist ever run. Eleven years ago Degaief was a Captain of the Guards. He was keen, enthusiastic, well educated, and discontented. He was an idealist and a firm believer in the baduess of the state of affairs in modern Russia. He was not then a Nihilist, but he had in him all the materials from which Nihilists are made. He drifted slowly and naturally into the society of radicals, and became steadily more extreme in his political views, till a day came when he found himself at the head of u. conspiracy against the life of the Czar. The conspiracy Wis discovered, all the conspir- ators were arrested, and Degaief was con- demned to die. as accsr'rsn nis FATE. without a whimper. Three days before the date set for executing him the door of his cell was opened to admit Soudicikin, whom Degaief recognised immediately as an old . thirsty_ If the cur, is not we small he takes f and long- forgotten comrade in arms. “ How are you, old fellow '2” said the Chief. For a moment Degaicf felt hope, then relaxed into a state of resignation, and answered, “ My last opportunity to speak for myself, isn’t it ?" “ No comrade,” was the reply. “ I bring to you the pardon of the Czar.” “ What ! \Vhati Then he requires from me some service in return. “ Nothing at all. You are free, unconditionally free. Come home with me and we will talk about it.” Degaief went. In his study Soudiciken ________. I _._________- HONORABLE. THEV'ES. Cartons Stories or the let. Who held {’9 the oriental Express. The narratives of the German‘hien cap- tured on the Oriental Express by a band of hrghwaymen some timeago and recently re. turned to their homes contain some curious chapters on robbery etiquette in Euro e. In the first part of the robbery Herr 'otscb was deprived of his watch and chain. Sub- sequently, while trnmping up the mountain aide to the robber den, he asked the chief fesrfully for the chain, as it was, he said, a memento of a dead friend. The chief at once called the man who had got the first plucking of Herr Kotsch and ordered him to return not only the chain but also the watch. This so affected Herr Ivotsch that he repented his cheating the highwaymen by tuckin some 5550 Worth of bills into his shoes. on he sat right down by the wayside to make good his supposed violation of highway etiquette. He drew off his shoes and handed the money to the chief, who took it with the remark that Herr Kotsch was an honorable man. When the ransom money arrived the chief expressed deep regret that he must part company with his new German ac- quaintances. He gave each one $2.") for traveling expenses, embraced and kissed them, and, after leading a cheer for them all, marched his bandits off through the thicket. ‘ Herr Graeger was greatly impressed dur- ing lizs captivity by the amount of time de- votcdby the brigands todevcloping their possibilities as lady killers. “ After sleep- saidâ€"“ You know our old friendship. lVell. ing,” he says, “ they made toilets with the that saved you. ‘ 1 s I went to the Czar and in- greatest care. They seemed never to tire of terccded for You, giving1 my word of honour r admiring themselves in hand mirrors. Each that, if freed; you woul quit your old ways, I have the good fortune to enjoy the ilzar’s confidence, and be granted me the hie of my frient .” Dugaief sunk ’ IN TEARS AT THE CHIEr’s FEET, and protested his determination never again to make common cause with the Nihilists. The chief continued :â€"â€"-“.VVhat do you expect to do now ? Your return to the army is impossible. I can offer you my secre- taryship, with salary enough to pay for your daily bread. You will be, in case you accept this, a member of the secret police and my right-hand man. Go home, think about it, and decide without undue attention to my advice.” Full of gratitude, Degaief hasten- ed to enlist in the service of the chief. He put his head, heart, and hand in his work. He pursued-his old colleagues day and nigh u. Nineteen Nihilists were brought by him to fluence to Siberia. Degaief obtained the full confidence of his chief. Soudieikin had estimated him correctly in everything save his susceptibility to the pangs of remorse. Degaief could not forget his old Radical tendencies. The scorn of his former col- leagues scorched him till he COULD ENDURE THE PAIN NO LONGER. He went one evening to the house of a Ni- hilist leader, and swore by his revolutionary past to do anything required by the revolu- tionary party as the condition of his rein- statement. “ Kill Soudieikin,” said the Nihilist leader. Degaief requested a day in which to think over this suggestion. Twenty- four hours later he promised to murder the man who saved his life. Soudieikin occu- pied lodgings in several quarters of St, Pet-ersburg. Every evening, however, he met Degaief in the third story of a modest dwelling-house, occupied otherwise only by small tradesmen who knew nothing of the ' identity of tlieirfcllow tenant. Here, Deguicf decided, the Chief of the Secret Police must die. Two Nihilists took rooms on the third floor in the next house, and with the outside ' wall adjoining the outside wall of Soudiei- kin’s apartments. During the day time, when Soudieikin was absent, for three weeks the conspirators laboriously. ' SCRATCH ED AND FILED A\\'AY brick and mortar between them and their victim. Not a blow was struck, not a. frog- lncnt was cut. The powder from the walls was carried off in the pockets of Degaief’s accomplices. At last only a thin sheet of plaster and paper separated them from the. Chief’s study. On the night of the murder Degaief and the man who had saved his life sat together at the study desk. Degaief let fall a heavy paper weight, the wall was burst in with a. blow from a hammer, and the three Nihilists sprang upon Soudieikin. For ten minutes all four men struggled up and down the room, and then the chief was struck down dead by Degaicf. Half an hour later the Nihilists in disguise left the neigh- bourhood and hurried off to announce their deed to a company of waiting revolutionists in a far-oil“ basement. The murder was dis- covered on the next afternoon. Shortly afterwards Degaief’s accomplices were or- rcstcd, but as they were only his creatures they were let off with a life sentence to hard labour in Siberia. chaicf could not be found, although his portrait was scattered ' over the length and breadth of Russia, and V high rewards Were offered for the capture of ' him, alive or dead. Eight years later, while attempting to enter Russia with false passes he has been overtaken by retribution. All this is not the fairy tale told by Czar haters or Nihilists haters. It is the plain, unadorn- ed narrative of the Russian courts, in which the details of this remarkable crime have been revealed. .- THB SULTAN 0F ZANZIBAR. Is Not Used to Hearing Britain's Earth- ' quake Wai- Guns. The Sultan of Zanzibar presided yester- day at the opening of Cooper’s Institute there. The opening ceremonies took place inthe presence of the admiral and other ofiicers of the British fleet. There were crowds of natives present and the utmost enthusiasm was manifested. At the con- clusion of the ceremonies a royal salute was fired from the British warship with the result that the banging us of the fleet so startled the horses attac ed to the sultan’s carriage that they plunged and reared furiously, and were with difficulty restrain- ed by their driver from dashin away and control. The sultan bewil ered by the roar of the ship's guns and alarmed by the terrified belpggorgg his horses com- leuil lost his . . lpringin to his set, gymd around him in bewilderigent for a moment, and then sprang from his car- riage, seriously injuring his legs and his head by the fall he sustained. Blond lace and insertion will be used on rash dresses. . carried such a m‘rror and a hair brush with him. So as to get every possible view of himself each one would turn and twist in every imaginable position. Frequently he Would throw himself flat on his back so as to see his face in a stronger light.” , 4. .__,_. GUN BOATS ON AFRICAN RIVERS. They Can be Put Together at Sea All Ready for Fighting. When Great Britain had trouble with Portugal a. while ago she thought it necessary to police the Zambesi River in order to pro- tect the British traders and missionaries, who were threatened by the Portuguese for ,‘ ces. She therefore had two shallow-draft gunbonts built. They are more novel affairs than would be supposed from the picture. Each of them is ninety feet in length, and is made to be put together at sea. In other words, these two boats were made in float- able sections. Experiments were carried out to see how rapidly one of the boats could be put together. In a comparatively still sea. the floating sections were dropped over the side of the vessel one by one and fastened together. It was found that the whole operation, from the time of common c- ing work to the moment when the little vessels was running under steam, occupied a little less than twenty-four hours. The long process of riveting the sections and launching the boat:= are obviated in these steamers. The purpose of putting them together at sea, is so that they may be already for of- fensive operations, should they enter the mouth of a river in the neighborhood of hostile forces. Of course, it would be im- possible on the Zambesi and on many other rivers for a European steamer to cross the bar, and therefore, it is essential that the gunboat be put together before it enters the river. These littleboats carry nine machine guns, which is quite a formidable armament on the inland waters of Africa. It has been found that stem wheel steamers are best adapted for shallow river navigation, and almost all the boats which ply on the inland waters of Africa are of this type. These war vessels draw only about 18 inches of water, which is quite essential on the Zam- besi, for although it is one of the greatest rivers in Africa, it is for long distances ex- ceedingly .wide and very shallow. Fortunate- ly it has not been necessary to use the boats in offensive operations since they were taken to the Zambesi. It is quite evident that they have done good service in prescrvin the peace as well as being a safeguard out a protection in the event of war. -vâ€"--â€"-â€"- _.â€"_â€"’__... _. _.... .‘ifrs French Slicldon's Adventure. One of the most remarkable incidents of Mrs. French Sheldon’s journey to Kilman- jaro was the circum-giavigution of Lake Chala, the small sheet of water which fills the crater of a volcano a short distance to the east of the base of Kimawcnzi. This beautiful lake was first discovered by one of the earliest missionary explorers of this region (New), who descended to the edge of'the, waterâ€"a feat that Thomson some years afterwards seems to have thought im- possible. The natives have, however, always held that there was a way down the almost perpendicular sides of the crater, and only three or four years ago another missionary explorer succeeded in making the descent. Mrs. Sheldon Was not, however, content merely to touch the waters of this mysteri- ous lake. A party of Russian sportsmen had left behind them at Kilmanjaro a sort of pontoon boat in sections, which had eventually come into the possession of Mr. Keith Anstruther, ayoung Scotchman, who was at Taveta when Mrs. Sheldon arrived there. Mr. Anstruther su gested the during project of launching this oat on the waters of Lake Chain, and Mrs. Sheldon at once offered to join him in the attempt. There was a difficulty 'in obtaining porters, for local superstition is busy with the crater lake, which was onceâ€"the story runsâ€"the site of a t Masai village that was utter- ly destroyed when the eruption took place which resulted in the formation of the pre- sent lake. This difiiculty was, however, at length overcome, and after great danger and fatigue the edge of the lake was reached, and the boat was found to be but sli htly injured by its rough journey. It is pro ble that Mrs. Sheldon, if her health permits and she is back in England in time, will read a paper descriptive of this incident in her journey at the Cardifi' meeting of the Bristih Association in August. , It has been reckoned that if the whole ocean were dried up, all the water passing away as vapor, the amount of salt remain- ing would be enough to cover 5,000,000 square miles. Nine hundred and fifty submarine tele- 355k it, that. althou name was uo-ros sun. In Lsooa'ound ProjeeuleWtu Pierce Fob v ly-l-‘our Feet of Anything. Now wewill assume that this great 11 ison the point of baiu fired With a Till! charge, says the Pall all Budget. The Home gun, indeed all large guns, are fired with slow~burniug cocoa powderâ€"“cocoa” because of its brown color. As you may observe in the powdor~caso in the gallery it is shaped in hexagonal prisms, this being the most convenient form for close packing. Each prism is pierced with a hole in the center, so as togive ready access to the flame and insure an equable ignition. Ten thousand of these prisms are used to make up afull charge for this monster un. “ The powder, along with the s ell, comes up from the magazine below in a hoist (in- dicated at the rear of the model), and, having been placed on a spout~tray, is rammed into the gun by a hydraulic ram- mer (also indicated at the rear of the model), the shell, of course, having first been driven forward into its lace by the same instrument. In nearly lnaval guns the powder charge is made up into four cartridges, the object being to get each cartridge down to a wei ht that a man may lift. But on account 0 its extraordinary weightâ€"960 poundsâ€"the charge for the 110~ ton gun is divided into ei ht cartridges. Specimens of these catri ges, to the extent of the full char e, stand at a yramid close to the hoist. be material 0 the envelop by the way, is silk cloth. At the back of each envelop, next to the primer, there stand a few prisms of black powder, because iit more readily ignites than the cocoa pow- er. Each of these eight cartridges weighs 120 pounds. To load, it is necessary to bring the gun in at extreme elevation, and then the following operations are gone through : I, unlock and unscrew the breech-block ; 2, withdraw breech-block ;3, traverse breech- block to one side ; 4, place the loading-tray in the un ; 5. wash out the gun ; 6, ram home t is projectile ; 7, ram home first half, charge ; 8, ram home second half-charge ; 9 withdraw loading-tray ; 10, traverse breech- scew ; 11, insert‘breech-screw; 12,screwup and lock breech-screw. All these operations, as we haveexpliiincd, are performed by hydraulic machinery, and are so provided with simple arrangements, to preventmistakes, aver-lMcssrs, Armstrong, Mitchell & 00., that accidents practically never happen. The gun having been sighted by the captain of the turret from his conning tower, is also fired by him by electricity. The gun can be loaded and fired within two and a half minutes. The projectile fired from the gun when attacking ships or forts weighs 1,800 ounds and it goes out with n. velocit 0 2,105 feet per second, and has a. estructive energy equal to 55,305 foot-tons. If the gun were to be used against a. body of men ora flotilla of boats, shrapnel shells would be usedâ€"that i, the long, drum-like cylinder of steel standing close to the carriage would be shot from the gun, and its contentsâ€" 2,3004â€"ounce bulletsâ€"would scatter death among the foe. The bullets are put in lay- ars, though not with mathematical exact- nessâ€"they are merely shaken to other. Melted rosin is poured in amongt em in order to fill u the interstices ;else, when the heavy shoc ’ ofthe explosion came, they would be all flattened against each other. Directly the shrapnel case bursts the bulâ€" lets go flying on, while the spin of the shell, I communicated by the riding of the gun, spreads them out by centrifugal force over a large area. But the gun will most likely be used for attacking armored ships and forts ; in this case the steel shell, with u. strong sharp point, will be used. These shells are first for ed, thcn bored, and finally temper- ed. W ile they should be tough in the body they must be hard at the striking point. The hardness of the point increases the peretrntive power of the shell, while the toughness of the body prevents its swelling as it is entering t ie plate and so increasing the difficulties of penetration. A good she“ carries itself into the interior of the ship before it explodes. The shell is constructed to carry such an amount of powder as will cause it to explode and add its pieces to the destructive splinters from the broken plate. The shell used in this gun, as stated, weighs 1,800 ounds. The terrible havoc which such a 3 roll will pay when fired with a full charge from his gun is most vividly illustrated on the wall closest to the model. There is given a sketch of the course of a shell from a 110-ton gun of the Sauspariel ata trial at Shoeburyness in March last. The shell tore its way at the rate of 2,079 feet per second throu h 20 inches of com- pound armor special y manufactured ; 8 inches of iron fastened in a heavy wrought- iron frame, 20 feet of oak baulks, 5 feet of ranite blacks, ll feet of concrete, and 6 eet of brick, altogether 44 feet 4 inches of a wall unique in history, surely, for combina- tion of width and variety and strength of material. Everybody should see this most graphic picture of the attainments, power, and tend- encies of this our day and generation ! For firing afull charge with armor-piercing that from the llO-pound gun the country pays m for the powder, £80; for the shell um firm . £120; total, £200, not to mention a. nu all more serious item if the gun were continu- ally'beiug fired with a full charge, the dam- age from the erosion caused by the powder gasses, which causes it to lose its accuracy, and necessitates its being relincd at great : expense and at the cost of long delay. But it is right to say the gun is seldom fired with its full charge. A Madman's Freak. Sensational accounts have been published in Berlin respecting a strange tragedy which has just occurred at Bu govo. in Herzegovina. Herr Jakob Condritsch, an Austrian official in the Provincial Treasury Department, at seven o’clock one evening proceeded to a window in the old Government building, and with a rifle deliberately opened fireu n the unofi'ending people in the street. a con- tinued this dangerous amusement for four hours, during which time repeated attemth were made without sauce» to dislodge him. Finally, at ll o’clock at night, a squad of police was ordered to fire u u him, where- upon (‘ondritscb put his ri to his throitt, moved the trigger with his foot, and so kill- edh' It. An extraord featurcoitio "m Coth find no graph cables are now In operation. most of fewer than 140mm: , be oulylucooededfu them in Furopc; their total length is over wounding three persons. It is not known 89,000 miles. lwhetber the man was mad a} drunk. err ,‘n ,. 3