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tarry. .4 .7 r", if. 1;: ~ ~......_..â€".- Mine m UHTABJU. A SPECIAL BULLETIN FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Interesting “genes as to Prices of Wheat. Barley, can, raptor, theme and l due/:11: Par Leas Exhaustlnz to the Soil. Creamery Butterâ€"Raising Dairy Pro- . ‘ ter made in creamer-ice in 1892 was less than 3,500,001 pounds, or less than 10 per cent. a. \ WORTH READING. . O of the total butter production of the Prov- 8..” humans “a.” Counted mu ince. A FISH THAT WALKS. It‘s FlIs‘Are Feet and It Can't Swim but It Gets About Rapidly. Fish, as everyone knows, have their or- A special bulletin issued by the Ontario gm. .dapwd {0,- swimming, .0 that, they Department of Agriculture gives the aver- exhibit arrangements very unfavorable for age market prices, first of wheat, barley any other kind of locomotion. However. 8 and oats, second of factory cheese and creamery butter, for the second half of each year from 1883 to 1892, inclusive. The price of fall wheat fell from$1.05 to 70 7-10 . cents, of spring wheat from $1.37 to 67 4-5 cents, of barley from 57 to 41 1-3 cents, of cats from 38 to 30 45 cents. The price of factory cheese declined from 10.45 cents per pound to 9.55 cents, and of creamery butter from 21.33 to 20.59 cents. So that the decline in dairy prices in ten years was only 6per cent. ; in grain prices over 30 per cent. Grain, especially wheat, became still cheaper in 1893, so that had that year been taken the comparison would have been still more favorable to the dairy. Next, the raising of dairy products is far less exhausting to the soil. A table is given showing theamount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash removed from the earth by the production of $1,000 worth. respective- ly, of timothy hey, wheat, barley, turnips, fat cattle, whole milk, cheese and butter. The showing is remarkable. If we take ‘ the figure 1 as representing the value of the fertilizing elements exhausted by the pro- duction of $1,000 Worth of butter, we find that cheese would be represented in the same process of exhaustion by the figure 88, whole milk by 120, fat cattle by 103, tur- nips by 275, barley by 410, wheat by 410, hay by 550. ' So that $1,000 worth of hay takes from the soil twice as much as the same value of turnips, and 550 times as much as the same value of butter. -. From this it will be conéluded that the removal of hay from the farm is one of the most exhausting practices, and the exper- tation of hay in. any large quantity from Ontario should not be desired or encouraged. The sale of live stock instead of grain re- tains a large portion of the soil constitu- ents of the crop upon the farm. In the matter of dairy products there is a great difference; thus whole milk sold off the farm removes a great deal of soil constitu- ents; cheese removes less, providing the whey is returned to the farm ; butter re- moves practically nothing, providing the skim milk and buttermilk are consumed upon the farm. Dairy farming preserves the fertility of the farm, and in many cases increases it, since some extra food is fre- quently broughtin for feeding. The res» son why butter removes so little from the soil is that it consists of material which the plant takes up from the air and not from the soil. From 1883 to 1892 the number of cheese factories in Ontario increased from 635 to 856, the quantity of cheese made from 53,- 513,032 to 93,818,948 pounds; its value fi'dn $5,586,339 to $8,959,939. On the 175,000 farms of the Province there are 800,000 milch cows. At an average of 4,000 pounds per cow, these produce 3,200,- 000,000 pounds of milk, worth $32,000,000- at 1 cent per pound. The number of cows is susceptible of increase, since there are fewer than five cows to the average 130- acre farm. Three-fourths of the cheese made in On. tario is produced in Leeds, Grenvxlle, 0x- ford, Dundns, Hastings, Lennox and Ad- dington, Frontenac, Middlesex, Perth, Lanark, Stormont, Northnmberland, Pres- cott, Potcrborough, Elgiu and Bruce. The banner cheese county is Oxford, with a reduction valued at $847,613 ; then comes code, with $807,360, and Hastings, with .798,937. Leeds has the greatest product per head of the population, 37 pounds, and the greatest number of factories, 76. In 1872 the export of Canadian cheese was 16,424,025 pounds; in 1882 it was 50,- 807,019 pounds; in 1892, 118,270,052 pounds: in 1893. 133,916,365 pounds. The value of the export increased in twenty-one years from $1,840,284 to $13,409,407. The history of the butter export is less satis- factory. In 1872 we exported 19,068,448 pounds, valued at $3,612,679. In 1889 we exported 1,780,765 pounds, valued at $331,- 958. But since 1889 there has been a steady improvement, though it has not carried us to as good a position as we oc- cupied in 1872. Last year the export was 7,039,013 pounds, valued at $1,296,814. The bulletin shows us who are our chief rivals in the British market. 0f 250,075, 501 pounds of cheese~ which entered that market in 1892. 116,323,088 pounds came from Canada. 91,661,496 from the United States, and 30,667,952 from Holland. Den- mark, which sends an insignificant quantity of cheese. easily 11311113‘ in butter, sending 96,715,581 pounds. Other countries follow in this order :â€"-France, 60.780.914 pounds; Sweden, 25,635,120 ounds : Holland, 15, 883,856 pounds ; ‘ermany. 13,914,006 pounds; Australasia, 9,802,210 ounds ; Canada, 6,671,952 pounds; Unite States, 5,426,752 unds. The Danish butter also commands the highest price : 21.4 cents in 1892, compared with 18.7 cents lor Canadian butter. Den- mark has a po ulation about equal to that of Ontario, an a farm area about one-half of that of Ontario. In 1865 it exported only 10,837,000 pounds of inferior butter; in 1891 over 100,000,000 pounds of the highest quality. It is so valuable that cheap butter is imported for home use in order that the host may be sold abroad. The improvement is due to practical in- struction in butter-making, to better feed- ing and care of stock, to the use of the versal adoption of the system of co-opera- tire dairies. There are now nearly 1,500 co-operative cremieries, with a capacity of from 300 to 1.5%) cows each. Assuming, from the experience of Den- mark, the so rioriiy oi the creamcry system, let us ook at Ontario. In eleven years the number of creameries has lacrosse. ed from 27 to 50. Still, the system is only in its infancy here, for the amount of but- 0 latest and best machinery. and to the uni- i on record and should be thoroughly investi- few most interesting exceptions are observ- ed. Certain types find themselves forced either by surrounding circumstances or for seeking food to leave the water for a certain but is forced by its very organization to l711°13‘93"39013- the World's Four Corners. Austria has only 155 periodicals. There is no cure for color~blindness. British Guiana wants 5.000 Chinamen- Queen Anne defeated the smell of roses. Great Britain has 176,520 owners of farms. It takes a gallon of milk t’b produce a pound of cheese. An oyster may carry as many as 2,000,000 eggs. Canton, China, exports 12,000,000 fans every year. Twelve letters comprise the Hawaiian alphabet. England gave £1,363,153 to missions last length of time. Among these is a Brazilian year. Army inspectors say that. blue eyes make Audiences are forbidden to applaud in of toads, of which it has vaguely the exter- 311531“! tlimitles- nal form. The head, which is very large, :s provided at its anterior part with a bony spine, at the base of which are situated the nasal apertures. The bronchialworifices are small apertures situated wholly in the dor- sal surface, as in the callionymes, so that the water can remain for a long time in the bronchial chambers â€"a circumstance very favorable for species so frequently at a dis- tauce from water. * The entire body, save the ventral wall fish called the maltha. It cannot swim, walk or, perhaps, to hop after the manner .and the tail, is covered with bony plates . THE \VALKING FISII. forming a very ornamental cuirass. Be- hind the hind members the body tapers considerably, so as to resemble a tail terminating in a fleshy fin. ,Upon the , . " a. dorsal crest there are observed three or four little spines, the remains of the dorsal fin. ‘ The locomotive organs exhibit truly inter- esting arrangements. The anterior (the pectoral fins), which are quite small, and are situated under the'bclly, have truly the form of small, thin paws, terminating in a widened fleshy portion, not at all pal- mate. Here we have already well-modified fins; they are no longer capable of acting on the water, and must perform nothing but backward and forward motions. But the posterior organs (the ventral fins) are still further transformed. They stand out laterally, and first turn downward and then bend forward and outward, forming a true articulation. They terminate in a wide and fleshyâ€"paddle. These are very different from the same fins in other fishes. We have _here the formation of a true limb, that naturally cannot serve for swimming, ’ but only for walking, after the manner of toads, which move scarcely anything but the foot and leg, the thigh remaining closely applied to the body and nearly motionless. v v Finally, one peculiarity which well shows that the animal is destined for crawling is the form of the anal fin, which, instead of being protuberant and flattened laterally, is here adherent to the tail and flattened vertically, so as to resembles small, elon- gated aud concave blade. This is one of the rare examples of the adaptation of the 'ana‘. fin. ___.__...__â€"â€"- MARTYR TO SURGICAL HYPNQTISM. The Patient Was (‘onsclons and Suffered llnzold 1' aimâ€"A Revelation to Doctor). A technical test of the powsr of hypno- tism as an anmethetics was made intlie operat- ing room of the Charity Hospital, New York, the other day, With terrible results- When the patient, \Villiam' Benson, a letter carrier, came out of the coma he horrified the surgeons with a dramatic recital of the awful sufferings ~he bore, without power to speak or more a muscle except when so directed by the operator. Murder, he said, could not have been at tempted in cold blood with more cruel pains. The operator and his assistants stood amazed to think . that every stroke of the knife had been like hatchery to Benson. All during the operation Benson seemed entirely unconscious of what was being done, but could turn from side to side, move about or sit‘ up, as the operating surgeon directed. The advantages of the system over other was continually comment- cd upon to the class of interested students who closely watched the operation, and when the patient sat up and described his agonies on surviving. it was like the explod. ing of an Anarchistic souvenir in tho oper- ating amphitheatre. The operator was for the removal of an enormous abscess of the brain, with ear com- plications, taking over two hours, while the average time required for trephining the brain is from an hour to an hour and a quarter. The operator made an address to the students in which he stifed that so far as he knew this was the first case of the kind gated. It would upset, theories of hypnotisni and cause more extensive experi- ments. It seemed to him that this experi- ence proved that while the method may be successful on some patients, Benson's testimony may condemn its use universally. He also considered it perfectly natural that what should ad’sct one man in one way might affect another differently, though ihe ' 8:03. majority may be in one result. The restaurants of Paris sold in 1891 18,- 000 dozenfrogs’ legs. ‘ The Duke of Saxe-Coburg can speak seven modern languages. The greatest naval victory of modern times was won at Trafalgar in 1805. India has 19,000;000 goats which yield 8,000,000 quarts of milk daily. All the German warships are to be paint- ed a cinnamon yellow. Before the days of coined money the Greeks used copper nails as currency. In the Soudau, there are 60,000,000 peo- ple who are ignorant of Christianity. China’s national hymn is so long that people take half a day to listen to it. Between 1867 and 1886 over 200,000 di. vorces were granted in the United States. England has 30,590 medical practitioners enrolled in this year’s Medical Register. There are eighty miles of tunnels in Great Britain, their total cost exceeding £6,500, 000. - According to the Siamese belief, it takes the soul seven days to reach heaven after death. _ . p ' . The area of the Czar’s individual posses- sions of land is greater than the entire extent of France. Three hundred and sixty mountains in the United States are over 10,000 feet high. ’ , Pale lines on the hand indicate arevenge- v ful disposition, intensified by long fingers and a short thumb. It is asserted that in' 99 cases out of 100 the left side of the human face is the more perfect in outline. The Mohawk Indians will not allow so much as a blade of grass to grow upon the graves of their companions. All Chinamen start the journey oflife on an equal footing. Rank is conferred by the Emperor, never inherited. The district of Columbia. has the largest death rate from consumption of any part of the United States. The physical lives of most frdaks,,like their professional careers, are short. The fat people usually die of apoplexy. Jails. has hundreds of orange groves. The exports of this fruit for the last few years have averaged 30.030 boxes per annum. The British .Museum possesses an iron axe bend of 1370 years B. (3., the oldest authenticated iron implement known. \Vatt’s patent for a steam-engine was issued in 1769. The steam-engines of the world to-day exercise 50,000,000 horse power. If human dwellings were constructed on the same proportionate scale as the anthill of Africa, private residences would be a mile high. No representation of the face of a man was ever stamped on a coin until after the death of Alexander the Great, who was re- garded as a divinity. In England, France and Germany the ratio of multiple births is 13 twins per 1,000, and 160 triplets and 8 quadruplets per 1,000,000 births. ' Mrs. Frances Crosby, authoress of “ Safe in the Arms of Jesus,” is sixty-two years of age, and has been blind since she was six \ieeks old. Parisian shopkeepers say that photo- graphs of actresses and society women are sold in large numbers, but that pictures of public men are rarely purchased. Russia is making such successful efi'orts in increasing her cotton production, that within five years she expects to raise all that she needs for home consumption. Two hundred Australians, under the leadership of William Lane, arc founding a “ New Australia ” in Paraguay. The colony proposes to settle 400 families in the country within twa years. The Sultan ogTurkey is a monomaninc on the subject of carriages. He has been steadily engaged'in making a collection of such vehicles for the past twenty years, and now has nearly 500 of all makes .and kinds. A caterpillar in the course of a month will devour 6,000 times its own weight in food. It will take a man three months before he eats aquantity of food equal to his own weight. A new diplomatic departure has been initiated by France in the sending of an agricultural engineer to Berlin as a techni- cal agricultural attache to the French lim- bassy. The‘stationing of similar attaches in all countries is under consideration. Sandwich men in the streets of London are required by. law to walk near the curb- stone, but not on ‘the pavement, and not less than thirty yards must separate each sandwich man from his nearest placarded comrade. The fine for violating the regula- tions is 105. for each offence. Someone who has figured on the work done at Pompeii since June, 1872, says that it will take until 1917 to unearth the entire ruins, with eighty-five men working every dav. The healthiest spot in the world seems ~to be a little hamlet in France named Aumone. There are only forty inhabitants, twenty- three of whom are eighty years of age and one is over one hundred. The total coinage, gold and silver, of the reign of Henry 111. was £3,898 ; the total coinage of the reign of Victoria u to 1892 was $344,100,000. of which £31 300,000 were of gall snd£231,800,00001 silver. Leaves ofu'the talipot m in Ceylon sometimes attain the long of 20 feet with a widthJif 18 ~ feet. They are used by the natives in making teats: The leaves of the double cocoauut palm are often 30 feet long while those of the Inaja palm on the banks of the rivers of Brazil are sometimes 50 feet long, and 10 to 12 feet wide. Alaska is large enough to allow territory equal to the size of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Empire of Germany with its twenty-six states, the Republic of France with its eighty-six do- osrtmcnts, the kingdom of Greece with its thirteen monarchies and Republic of Switzeiland with its twenty-two cantons to be carved out of it. A very simple method of inducing sleep in cases of persistent insomnia, and one that. has succeeded where many drugs have failed, is simply to administer a moderate amount of liquid food before the patient goes to bed. This diverts the blood from the brain to the abdominal organs, and takes away the cerebral excitement that precludes sleep. It is Well known that sea water has a most beneficial effect upon the appearance of horses, imparting a satin gloss to their coats, a brightness to the eyes, and a gen- erally refreshing appearance. It is no un- usual thing at seaside resorts to see host- lers giving the animals in their charge the sea plunge as regularly as the most sys- tematic bather on the beach. A special feature of Java oranges is that they will keep from thirty to forty days, and, if properly packed, for even three months. New orange groves are continual- ly being laid'out, and now number some 400, against 200 some fifteen years ago. This industry has influenced the population of Java, which now contains 42,000 inhabi- tants, against 15,000 some twelve years ago. - A good exteinporized apparatus for re- moving carbonic acid gas from a well is simply an opened-out umbrella let down and rapidly hauled up a number of times in succession. The person who made and reports this experiment states that the effect was to reinove._ the gas in a few minutes from a well so' foul as to instantly extinguish a candle previous to the use of the'umbrclla. '- sm WILLIAM VAN HORNE. llc Receives Congratulations From All Parts or tub “'orld. Sir William Van Horne, as he is now en- titled to be called, president of the'Canadian Pacific'fiailway, has been therecipient of numerous congratulations on the high honor that has been conferred upon him by the Queen. Messages from all parts of the world have been received by him extending congratulations. The new knight takes his distinction modestly, and has a pleasant word for all who calls upon him. Sir Will. iam Van Home’s career is well known, but a, brief sketch of his life will prove interest' ing at the present time. He came from old Dutch stock, whose home was Manhattan but he was born in Will county, Illinois, in February, 1841. Thirty-two hygars ago he entered the service of the Illinois Central railway as telegraph operator at Chicago. Subsequently he served the Michigan Cen- tral in severalcapacities. From 1866 to 1872 he was connected with the Chicago and Alton railway as train dispatcher, superin- tendent of tslegraphs, and assistant super- intendent of the railway. In 1872 he be- came general superintendent of the St. Louis, Kansas, and Northcrurailway. From 1874 to 1878 he was general manager of the Southern Minnesota. line, being president of the company from December, 1877, to December, 1879. From October, 1878 till December, 1879, he was also gcnei'alsuper- intendent of the Chicago and Alton railway. In 1880 Mr. Van Horne became general superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul railway, and remained in this position for two years. It was in 1882 that Mr. Van Horne joined the Canadian Pacific railway as manager, and it was in 1885, under his able direction, that the lostspiko was driven in that road at Eagle Pass by Sir Donald Smith. In 1884 the manager was mode vice-president ; and on August 7, 1838, he was appointed the supreme head of the great corporation. The new knight is chiefly identified with the Canadian Pacific railway. The enterprise was unique. He threw himself into it with marvelous energy, believed in it, and made others believe in it ; coaxed capital, coaxed the credit of the country, and completed the greatest railway contract on record within the stipulated time. Sir William Van Home is recognized as a man of great foresight, sound judgment, and splendid courage. He has the faculty of dealing with men, winning them over and making them co-operated with him. _ _.____ Naturally Cautious. It is natural that the Canadians should want to sell their cattle, and equally natural that they should be ready to believe the introduction of Canadian cattle into this lcountry perfectly safe and innocuous, says the London Times. It is equally natural for this country, which has already suffered so severely from imported disease, to look somewhat closely at evidence which the sellers of stock have no tcm tation to scrutinize. We accept heavy ris sin open- ing our ports to what is practically the cattle trade of Canada and the States. M“ Not So Bad. Hicks-By the way, you remember Jen- nie Draddies? Well, she has been travelling about the country under an assumed name, and with a married man, too. Wicksâ€"The deuce ! You don’t mean it '3 Who is the mart? . Hicksâ€"The man? Oh, yes; he is her bus. band. It was his name she assumed before starting out. W It was to the tobacco trade that Glasgow first owed its importance in the world of commerce. This trade began in 1707. and 70 years later we find Glasgow importing more than half the tobacco consumed in Britain. ‘ ’ ‘ gars swarm to such an extent in Malta that the only way to avoid, being pest-cred by them is 19 put out your \hand and anticipate themthh their own whin. ing “Give me something," “lie plenty poor man," “ his very large sadly.” British and Foreign? “Omnibuses with pneumatic tires are being tested in Glasgow. . Gas now costs consumers in London fii‘ty six cents a thousand hubic feet. - Japan has ordered to be built in London a first~class battle ship of over 12,000 tons displacement, 14,000 indicated horsepower n eighteen knots speed. A French bicyclist has just crossed the Alps, by the Mont (‘euis Pass, on his his - cle. The weather was unfavorable and a road was made slippery by snow and rain. The trip wasau incident or a journey on thi wheel from Rome to Paris. The thinnest sheet of iron ever rolled has recently been turned out at the Hallam Tin Works, near Swansea, \Valss. It has a surface of 55 square inches and weighs but 20 grains. It~would take 1,800 such sheets to mhks a layer an inch thick. " Extreme cases of habitual drunkennesll. according to the Manchester correspondent of the London Lancet, seem to be more common in women than in men. An old woman was brought before the city magis- trates of Manchester recently, charged with drunkenness for the 191st time.. The latest development in the milk busi- ness in London is to drive the cows around the route and have them milked in the pres- ence of the customers, -‘ The customer is thus able to judge for himself of the healthy appearance of the animal, “and is sure of the freshness of the milk. The practice is a common and ancient one in Egypt. The opulation of Melbourne, Australia, at the e d of 1893 was 444,632, a decrease of 46,064 as com a'red with April, 1891. no to the industrial de~ The decrease is pression, from which the city is now begin- ning to recover. The population of Sydney at the close of last year was 421,030, as compared with 411,710 at the end of 1892. The British, War Oliice is considering a proposition that all soldiers should be in- structed in elements of anatomy and fly- siology in order that they mi ht be able immediately to stop the flow 0 blood from a leading artery. The proposer of the scheme also adore the unpleasant suggestion that every soldier should have the leadin articles mapped out on his body by dotte lines tattooed in India ink. . According to a report just issue by the Greek Minister of the Interior the re- cent earthquakes in that country caused the death of 2 v7 ersons, the serious injury of 154 more, an the destruction of 952 houses. The chief loss of life was in the churches, where the people were assembled for evening worship. There is great dis- tress among tho liouseless people. The damage to property is estimated to exceed 4,000,000 drachmas. During the last two weeks of April 868 inspections were made in Glasgow under the Shop Hours' Act, and in 42 cases it was found that young persons Were being overworked. Grocers, harbors, saloon- keepers, dairymen, and confectioners were the principal delinquents. Twelve grocers were discovered working their boys {tour 75 to 85 hours per Week, five harbors from 75.13 to 78, four saloon-keepers from 75 to 88, and five dairymen working their girls from 75 to 102% hours per week. Some unpleasant appearing statistics have just been issued by the French Gov- ernment. Explanations of the figures may come later to tone down the evil impression or explain it away. In 1885 about 57,000 hectolitres of absinthe were retailed in France; in 1892 over 126,000 hectolitrcs were similarly sold, and there has been a marked increase in the consumption of all other alcoholic drinks in the republic. Between 1861 and 1865 the average annual number of condcmiintions by the law courts was 86,000; in 1885 it had risen to I 127,000. Increase of population had little to do with the increase of figures, for in recent years the excess of births over deaths in the country had varied from 10,000 to nearly 40,000 a year. ..__.._..._._._.._ PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT. Queen Victoria. has inspected a number of villas in the neighbourhood of Florence with a view of purchasing one, which her Majesty intends to present to Princess Beatrice. The millionaire of the United States navy is said to be commodore George E. Perkins. In the army the woulthiest man is General Nelson ll. Sweitzcr, who is also a famous cavalryman. Professor Ibrahim Hakki Bey, the Turk- ish commissioner to the world’s fair, has returned to Constantinople so Americaniz- ed that his friends are afraid he may get into trouble. Miss Ella. Hepworth Dixon, the daugh- ter of Hepworth Dixon, who is making a name for herself in the literary world of London, is also an artist of more than ordinary ability. ' ' l’rincc Constantin Wissesky, of Russia, is an indefatigable traveller. returned to Paris aftcra trip of 43.000 kilometers across Asia and is ready to start on a tour through Africa. “ Mr. Gladstone has received vast numbers of letters, the bulk of them from members of the working classes, and not a few ao- compsnicd by personal gifts, which the (Ix-premier is earnestly bcsought to accept. Mrs. Claudia llerrarn, who died in San Francisco the other day at the end of 120 years, was born in Rial do Jesus Maria, Mexico. She moved to San Francisco when she was 75 years of age, and since then until recently was an active worker. Mr. Jenkins, the almost forgotten author of "Ginx’s Baby," has been chosen by the Dundee conservatives to run for the parlia- mentary representation of their city. He represented Dundee in the 187-180 parlia- ment, and,“ was then that his book, which attracted a great deal of attention, appear- ed. ' The Empress Frederick has induced two Berlin societies of amateur photographers ‘9 com crate' in bringing about an inter- actions exhibition of photographs, by amateurs in 1895. Her majesty has under- taken to be a patroness, and has requested Princess Henry to act as her substitute on the committee. Mrs. Humphrey Ward says that before she finished her first novel she was seized with writers’ cramp and that every word of the novel had to be dictated to a shorthand writer. She has since recovered the use of her band. Mrs. \Vard often rewrites a page twenty times before she is satisfied 5 with the result. He has just‘ .9”