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i l. o L . 'â€" THE FARM. MA n .N\~M~“~~\“ - Stacking Hay. In stacking hay, as with everything else, it is important to begin' right. The old way was to build the stack directly on the ground. and afterward with a hay knife to cut under the edges so that they should not be frozen down in the snow. This involved considerable labor, and was also open to the objection that the hay would absorb moisture from the ground, and usually at leasthalf a ton of it would become moldy and spoiled before it was used. With twentyfive rails a stack bottom can be built that will save the hay from waste, and also save the labor of cutting out the stack. no. 1. nan. moon you navsmcx. Begin by putting down a flooring of rails laid close together. On this floor build a crib, “cob-house fashion,” two rails high,as shown in the illustration, Fig. l, placing the best and heaviest rails on top. This bot- tom makes a firm foundation, that not only preserves the stack from the damp ground, but also holds up the outer edges so that they shall not be snowed under. In be- ginning the stack on this rail bottom, care must be taken not to enlarge too rapidly as it is built up. Such a mistake is frequently made by beginners, who fail to keep in mind that while the stack is being built, it is constantly settling. This is shown in Fig. 2. The lines a, a, show‘ the gradual increase of diameter while the stack is . being built, a but by the time it is completed, .this portion " I.‘ has settledto .' the posit-ion indicated by, ~~ the dotted Fin 2. BUILDING Tun sracx. lines, b,b. The stack she uld enlarge gradu- ally in building, as indicated, until at eight feet from the ground a width of twenty feet is reached, while the square form .of the bottom should be modified to the round form. When this size is reached, it is large enough, and should then be contin- ued nearly of the frame size for a short dis- tance more, and then be gradually drawn in. Inexpcrienced persons are often troubled by the stack leaning to one side. I A stack has been known to tip over before it was finished. This trouble is always caused by uneven treading of the hay. A beginner frequently stands in the middle and places the hay around him, but exactly the opposite course shoud , be pursued. The stacker should walk slowly round the FIG. 3. SECTION OF WELL-BCILT STACK. outer edge of the stack, laying the hay in courses, until it is well above the shoulder, I after which he should remain nearer thel middle. Fig. 3 shows a section of a stack 2 built in this way, the shaded portionsl indicating Where it was trampled more compactly in building. In the upper portion the centre is‘kept hard, so that in settling, the hay on the outside droops a little, and thus sheds water more perfectly. A stock built in this way will never tip ,over or settle to one side. It is an excellent method to leave .a small piece of swale or lowland grass. After haying, cut this, and, without waiting for it to cure. except cheese cloth, rennet and a cheese press. Six pailfuls of sweet milk with the cream all in it will make about fifteen pounds of cheese. It need not be of one milking if it is perfectly sweet. Put the milk in the boiler on the stove and heat it to eighty degrees. Remove from the stove and add the rennet. The tablets are crier to use and the directions accompany t em. ‘ “When the milk has coagulated, which will take place in ten minutes or less, it must be cut to the bottom of the honler each way, making about two inch squares. They will begin to start almost at once. Sink a small-dipper into it slowly and the whey may be removed gradually until two quarts or more have been collected. Heat over, the curd, stirring it carefully. When at 100 degrees open the faucet and allow the whey to drain out, dipping it out from the top as before described. When drained, sprinkle half a teacupful of fine dairy salt on the curd and crumble and mix in thoroughly with the hands. Have a square of strong loosely woven cloth wet and placed in the cheese hoop, which should be the size of a peck measure. Press the cord into the hoop, adjust the cover after the cloth has been folded on top of the curd, and submit the cheese to gentle pressure. Prepare a bandage of cheese cloth large enough to go around the cheese and wide enough to nearly cover the ends. Lay it on the ends of another piece and sew it to the piece around the. cheese. Keep at sev- enty degrees in a dry room. Too much salt or too much scalding when heating the curd hardens the cheese, while careless stirring starts the ‘white whey’ and allows much of the butter fate to escape.“ Dogs In War. A very interesting history might be writ- ‘ten of the part played by living creatures, other than human beings, in war. As far as we are aware, no convention or confer- ence has pronounced either for or against this means of injuring an enemy. \Vhere dogs are used as sentinels, or pigeons in carrying despatches, the injury done by the dumb creatures is not direct. The service rendered to their own side may be no less great than that of the geese which saved the capital or of the dog which foiled Au- angzeh in his siege of Golconda and was rewarded with a golden collar: but in nei- ther of these cases is the attack confided to bird or animal. ’ But dogs have been used, and by our- selves to attack an enemy. The Celts used them; the Gnuls used them, Columbus used them : Queen Elizabeth is said to have given Essex 600 fighting dogs for purposes of war, and late in the eighteenth century a bun- dred bloodhounds were landed in Jamaica by our Government to attack the Maroons. Fortunately it was destined that the dis- grace of using them should be spared; us for the enemy, hearing of the dogs surrendered without a. blow. " _____..._______ PROTECTION OF CHILDREN. The Engllsh Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Has Done admir- able Work. ' The discussion on the bill now before, the British Parliament for the amending and improving of the law with regard to the prevention of cruelty to children is in some respects gruesome reading, and such as to make any humane person determine to do what he can to help societies such as 'we have among us here, and which have. for their object the protection of the weak and helpless from those who, instead of being their refuge in distress, too often not a wicked and cruel part. It appears to be far too easy for parents to forget that they are respossible for the existence of their children, and that there is every reason .’ why they should be towards them long- suffering, .patient, and wise. In ,every class of life cruel parents are to be found who seem to think that they not only do well to be angry, but who, on thé most trivial provocation, go to lengths of retali- atory vengeance which are nonman T0 CONTEMTLATE. Such unrcasoniug wrath and such forget. fulnes of responsibility for the existence of its wretched objects have a tendency to grow and become habitual. There is. per: haps, on the part of the public too much disinclination to interfere in such cases. \Vhen cruelty to children is witnessed peo- put it on the waggon while you grew, and I ple 'are apt to say that it isiione of their proceed to umpn the stacks ; that is. repair business, and _to turn away in a cowardly and build up'their tops wherever they have Planner from dlSl'esse-‘l “'l‘mh they‘ll-re ‘00 .iettled. A stack, when completed, should me" 0" t°° muff“! of mconvenlence W approach in form very nearly to. that of a M‘I'emll‘l t° all“th (mm record in Eng' he,“ egg standing on its large end_ When land shows that the Socxety for the Preven- this is finished, secure it against high winds “on 0‘ cruelty to eh‘ld’e“ 1‘“ d°n°,.&dml“ by putting on “hangemv The“ are read. able work, and the new Act of Parliament ily made by connecting the ends of two light 3 “"11 glve 3"°h.°fg“mmu°“3 m°r° es'suded rolls with a piece of No. 10» annealed wire l Powers' D‘mng ‘h? 18'“ ten yen," “‘3 53d “bout, 5“ feet long. Hang one pan. of‘ to find that the servnces of the society have these across the stack from north to south, been 9”” "1 the case“ 0‘ 3° fewer than and one pair from east to west, and the top will not be likely to blow off. A great con. venicnce in haying is a stack cover. I had an excellent one made in a sail loft. It is of light sail cloth or cotton duck, eighteen feet square, with a rope in the edge to keep It from tearing, and a hole worked ’in each corner. Selectin four stones of con-j venieut‘size, I fasten a hook to each one with a piece of wire, and use them forl weights. Whenever it becomes necessaryl to leave astack unfinished over night, or longer, I round it up and put on this cover, which gives perfect security. from storms. Cheese Making on the Farm. Before the days of the modern cheese factory the dairy product was made on a small scale on the farm. Not much atteu~ tiou. however, is given to the subject of late. A dairyman writes telling how to make cheese at home in which he says: Have a {lumen solder a faucet near the bottom at one end of an ordinary tin wash boiler. which will hold five or six pailfuls. l-‘it a movable tin screen inside about time Inches from the faucet and extend." about the same distance above it. width shall hold the curd away from the faucet. l‘his. with a long, wooden paddle, is all: you med order especially for the work, 109,364 poor children. Of the total 25,000 were . SUFFERRRS FROM VIOLENCE “ from boots, crockery, shovels, straps, rope'thongs, pokers, fire, boiling water, any weapon which came to the reckless and vengeful bands which owncd‘them.” Fol- lowing these came 62,889 sufferers from neglect and starvation, audio 7l0 cases’the ill treatment ended fatally. The report says that the poor children thus maltreated by their so-called paren_ts and guardians would make a procession that would take a day _to pass a given point. The experience of the society is that bringing the cowardly assaulters to justice prevents in a great measure the recurrence of the wrong, and the lesson of the cases is that humane per- sons should not be afraid to interfere in cases of cruel oppression of defenseless children. W There are ei ht women colonels in the German army. he” draw their swords but seldom. it is true. but they make up for this by drawing their salaries with unfailing regularity. T ey ate the Empress of Ger- lmau , the Dow-Igor Empress, the Princoss r eriek. Char es of Prussia, the Queen RegentSo his. Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlan . the Duchess ofConnau ht,the Duchess of Edinburgh, and Queen Wisteria of England. ! l I mimosa nouns. ITS PREVALENCE. ' INDICATIONS, PREVENTIVES AND EXTIHCTION. In Reality It Is Consumption. Not nigh]:- Contagious. But Liable to Spread lJn~ der Certain Conditions. So much has been said in the newspapers of late about this diseases that public curi- osity has been greatly aroused in regard to its nature, prevalence, indications, preven- tives and extinction, says a writer in the Montreal “fitness. To give some informa- tion in a popular form in these points is the object of this article. The factthat there are practical matters in connection with cattle management which have to do with causing and spreading the disease is justi. fication enough' for drawing attention to the subject. Tubercplosis is in reality consumption. It is not highly contagious, but is liable to spread under certain conditions. When once established it is incurable. The best authorities advise the immediate slaughter and burial of all animals proved to be affected by it. The milk from a cow afflicted with this disease is wholly ' UNIT]? FOR 'HUMAN soon. n ' The cause of tuberculosis is exposure to unwholesome influences, and it might soon be stamped out if dairymen and stock- breeders‘ could be made to obey sanitary laws. The Country Gentleman says:â€" “ This disease appearsin herds kept at extremes. one being the herd kept by the ‘skinflint,’ the low-bred, stingy wretch who, havingmilked his cows all summer, seeks to get them through the winter with- out cost either for food or care, thus liter- ally starving and freezing them to death. They become so run down and emaciated that they are an easy prey to the disease. They contract colds from exposure to in- clement weather and storms, just as a human being does, and these lead to con- sumption. The other extreme is that fallen into by the greedy man who‘seeks to squeeze every drop of milk from his herd he can possibly get. “(hat he is after is money, and he cares for nothing else. He stops every crack and crevice in his barns and stables, thus shutting out every breath of pure air and forcing the cows to breath over and over again the vitiated atmos- phere till it- becomes charged with carbonic acid gas, thus developing the disease.” T00 HIGH BREEDING and in-breeding are predisposing causes of this disease. It has been very prevalent among the aristocratic herds in England, and animals that are pampered for exhibi- tion purposes are particularly liable to it. The points just noticed suggest their own lessons. Warm stabling should be provid- ed for dairy cows. They need plenty of light, bountiful supplies of pure air, and room to be comfortable. When the weather is unpleasant and stormy the cow should be kept housed, whether it be in January or July. In winter, when the weather is sun- ny and pleasant, she should be givon an hour in the open air each day. Clearly this is a preventable disease, and the means of prevention are' put in operation when the laws of health are observed, the results being the same in relation both to human beings and the lower animals. ' During the year 1893 the State of New York became notorious for the prevalence of this disease among its dairy herds, and also for the vigorous efforts made by the State Board of Health to stamp it out. The report of this body, recently issued, shows that cm investigation it was found that the disease prevailed to a greater or less ex- tent . . IN KINETEEN COUNTIES. About 20,500 animals were examined by three inspectors. and 959 were found to be tuberculous. The diseased animals were slaughtered at an expense to-the state of $18,309. The inspection was carried on by means of the tuberculin test, which has proved a most conclusive one for the pur- pose. As much has been said in the news- papers about the use of this test at the model and experimental farms, it may be as well to give some account of it. so that it may he understood by the intelligent reader. In 1882, Professor Koch, of Germany, announced the discovery of the germ of tuberculosis in the form of a tiny animalcule, one-thousandth of an inch in length. This germ passes from the diseased animal in its sputum(the expectcration from its lungs) or its milk, and may be inhaled by another from the‘oir or in cropping the grass. In this way, arid to this extent only, the dis- ease is contagii us. When one of these micro organisms obtains a lodgment it multi- plies with creat rapidity. Sometimes the disease attacks A sman cams, as the lung, affecting only the adjacent parts. Its progress is then slow, and the symptoms are obscure; but if introduced into the blood, the bacilli multiply fast, are distributed over thewho body, and pro- duce acute tuberculosis, or "quick con- sumption.” ending fatally in a short time. In the light of this explanation 'of the nature of the disease, it is comparatively easy to understand the action and the value of tuberculin. This test is prepared by making an artificial culture of the disease germ, and allowing it to stand until highly charged with bacilli. Glyceriue and car- bolic acid are added, the fluid filtered through porous porcelain, to separate the germs. and then heated to 158 F., to destroy any remainin germs. The sterilized fluid is evaporate at a low temperature in a vacuum, and when sufficiently concentrated is put up in bottles. In use it is greatly diluted, and a small quantity is injected with a hypodermic syringe under the skin of the animal - SWEAR run snocwss. The temperature of the animal is then taken at intervals of several hours, and any ser- ious rise abdve the normal temperature is regarded as indicating the presence of the disease. Tuberculiu will not produce the disease in healthy animals, but it increases the activity of the genus wherever the dis, ease is pmeut, and hence is of the highest value as a test of tuberculosis in animals.~ In Europe much attention has been given to the subject, especially in Great ritain where tuberculosis is very preva- lent. 0f cows slaughtered in London in 1892, ‘25 per cent. were tuberculous, in Midlothian 20 per cent" in Yorkshire 22.8 per cent. in Durham 18.7 per cent. The use of tuberculin has been successful as a test in 90 per cent. of the cases treated. Leading breeders are aiding in the work of exterminating the disease by all means In, their power, and it is hoped that ere long it will bevery much a thing of the past all over'the civilized world. ' IN HER MAJESTY’S SERVICE. Canadians “he Serve Their Queen With Dlsunotlon and Keller. Canadians are at all times glad to hear of the promotion or advancement of their fellow countrymen in the Imperial service- says the Ottawa Citizen. The Dominion has many representatives serving the Queen in various capacities, in the army, navy and diplomatificqrps. They are tobefouud not only at headquarters, but in all portions of the Empire, and it is satisfactory to know that as a rule they are doing well, not only for themselves, but indirectly, by the ex- cellence of their example and reputation, for the land which gave them birth. While Sir Arthur Halibut-ton, a Nova Scotian by birth and a member of the pro' vincial bar, has risen through the various grades of the civil service to his present position of Under Secretary of State for War, a native of the sister province of Quebec, Major-General Edward Andrew Stuart, has by ability, energy and peculiar qualificatiou been advanced to the lieuten- ant-governorship of Chelsea hospital. Again, no abler man can be found in his profession than Surgeon-General John By Cole Reade, C.B., V:C., a native of Perth, Ontario, who is almost at the top in the Army Medical department ; and the same may be said of Commander John Denison, a scion of the well known loyalist family of that name, who has been placed in command of the Queen’s yacht-,Victoria and Albert. There are also Colonel Edward Lee Street, of New Brunswick, who has lately been ap- pointed Assistant Adjutant-General of her Majesty’s forces in Scotland; Lieut.‘ Girou- ard, R. E., the clever son of the honorable member for Jacques Cartier, who has been winning golden opinions for both himself and his province at headquarters and has now been given an im ortant post at Wool- wich Arsenal; Lient. eginald Macdonald, R. A., son of the well-known Senator from British Columbia, who has been earning experience and, fame at Sheffield as her Majesty’s inspector of steel, and a host of others whose names will readily occur to the reader. Not long since we were especially grati- fied to notice the marked compliment paid to another Canadian, Captain Archibald Lucius Douglas, R. N., a son of the late Dr. G. M. Douglas, of Quebec,and a native of that city, by his appointment to a naval aid-de-campship to the Queen. Captain Douglas commanded H. M. S. Edinburgh under the late Sir George Tryon in the Mediterranean, and since then has been in command of H. M. S. Cambridge, training ship at Devonport. “Is now learn that he has been appointed to the command of H. M. S. Excellent, training school at Portsmouth, assuming charge and control in July. To be deemed worthy of such im- portant trusts, augurs the possession on the part of Captain Douglas of more than or- dinary ability and experience in his profes. sion ; for no one but an officer of the high- est qualifications has ever' been put in charge of a training ship. We shall probab- ly hear a. good deal more in the future of this excellent officer, and will watch his career with interest and expectation . THE MIKADO’S PARLIAMENT. 'A Move for Tolerance to Foreigners. The Mikado has dissolved the Diet. The Imperial Diet consists of two houses much in the style of the British Parliamentâ€"â€" peers and popular representatives. Every law requires the consent of the Imperial Diet. It is a prerogative of the Mikado to convoke the Diet, to open, close and pro- rogue it, and to dissolve the House of Rep- resentatives. In this instance the telegram from Yokohama undoubtedly refers to the Lower House. The peremptory action of the Emperor is believed to have been forced upon him by the fanatical natavism of the parliament. The hatred of foreigners exists strongly among the lower classes of the Japanese, and it is with difficulty the Mik- ado upholds the treaties with foreign pow- ers. With this anti foreign feeling, bitter in its intensity, the Emperor has no sympathy. He is quick to perceive the benefits accruing to his people through civil intercourse with other nationalities and to utilize the ideas of other peoples. In short, it appears from the facts that the tolerance and broadmindedness of the Mikado regard- ing foreigners and innovations of civilization puts him entirely at variance with the ma- jority of his people, represented by the LOWer House. The Emperor is only forty. one years of age. At seventeen he married the daughter of Prince lchijo, a lady of great beauty and intellect. â€"â€"â€"â€"â€".._._._._.__. Surprised by the Enemy. ' The servant girl had brought her soldier lover into the kitchen. when suddenly she heard the approaching footsteps of her this tress comic down stairs. “Quick, ommy,” she whispered hurried- ly, “take the chi dren into your arms.” “What’s this that I see, Mary 2” said the mistress, looking at our hero of the red coat. “Oh, ma'am,” replied Mary, coolly. “the children are so fond of soldiers, that I brought a real live one home with me for them to play with." Figures ublished in Fire and Water show the releases during the first four months of the present year to be less by HOW SAVAGES CAPTURE GAME. later of the Art or Deceptionâ€"Sn“ I. the Fee of Arms and Implements. In the pursuit of game the savage is a master of the art of deception. Deer-stalk. ing among certain tribes of Indians is managed by a skillful counterfeit of the animal. Two hunters walk together, the man behind With bent body, the one in front carrying a stag’s head. The legs of the men serve very well for the fore and hind legs of the animal. In this way the hunters get almost in the midst of a herd of deer before these are aware of dangers. The ostrich is hunted in a similar way by the bushmen of South Africa ; and the 'Eskimo, sometimes come to close quarters with seals by dressing themselves in seal. skins and dexterously mimicking the style of swimmingand f‘flopping" so characteristic of the animal. The Indians get among a herd of bison by covering their bodies with the skin of the prairie-wolf ; while by the. Hottentots, the buffalo has himself been trained to hunt, being guided by a string attached to his horn, the hunter meanwhile crouching behind him. In Australia the natives bring the young kangaroo within the range of the pear by suspending a small bird’s skin and feathers from the end of a long red and imitating the bird’s cry. The artfulness of the Ans- tralian is also shown by his method of tak- ing waterfowl. The coastâ€"people are usual- ly excellent swimmers, and they will get among s‘flock of ducks by swimming long distances under water and breathing through a reed ; or they will merely cover the head with weed and swim, without causing a ripple, until they are within reach of the birds, which they quietly pull under one by one without ivmg alarm to the rest of tlie‘flock. This utter is perhaps the simplest form of duck-hunting, and seems to have been successfully practised in other parts of the world. In the use of arms and implements, the uncivilized man shows equal skill. Among the American Indians the bow and arrow attained its highest development, and it is said on excellent authority that such is the force employed, the arrow may be sent right thronghahorse, or even a buffalo. The Australian will frequently kill apigeon with his spear ata distance of thirty paces ; and on the Murray it is a favorite feat to dive into the river, spear in hand, and come up with a fish upon it. _ The Hotten- tot, again, seldom fails to kill a hare With his rackum stick at thirty or forty yards ; and the Zulus bring down birds on the wing with a throw of their round-headed club or “ knobkerry.” In Brazil. in addition to the bow and arrow, the nativesâ€"even the childrenâ€" everywhere use the “ gravatana," or blow- pipe, with great dexterity. This may be said to be the characteristic weapon 'of the South American tropics. It consists of a perfectly straight palm-stem, in which a small arrow is placed and forcibly expelled by the breath. The tubes vary in length from a few inches to twelve feet,-and in- ternally are carefully cleaned and polished. The arrows are made to fit the bore by a slight binding of tree-cotton round the lower extremity,and the points are made extreme- ly sharp and tipped with curari poison. From the facts that the blow-pipe is absolutely silent, that, owing to the care bestowed on its manufacture, it is exceed- ingly accurate, and that the slightest puncture by the poisoned arrow generally proves fatal, the weapon is formidable ; and it is used with great effect against small animals and birds, and occasionally in war. COMMON DANGERS TO THE EYES â€"_ Reading in the Train is one or the Worst otTIu-m. An eminent oculist declares that type writing has an injurious effect on the eyes. The operator is obliged to glance incess- antly back and forth from the keyboard to the shorthand notes, and this is a muscular exercise of the most fatiguing sort. For this reason, the oculist urges, itis desirable for typewriters to cultivate a familiarity with the keyboard similar to that possessed by the accomplished pianist with the hey- board of his instrument, so that it will be necessaryto look at the keys as little as possible. While the injury that may result to the eyes of a hard-working typewritist who is not sure of her figures and her keys is not to be regarded too lightly it is not likely to be near as serious as that resulting from the practice indulged in by so many in these days of railroad travel of persistent reading on trains. This practice is most trying on those delicate muscles that regulate the shape of-the cyes’lenses and so affect the focslization of the organ. The danger is reateat, of course, on those railroads whose allasting is imperfect and whose rails are roughly lai'l, producing much jarring and consequent rapid changing of the distance between the eyes and the paper. In some cases the eyes of a victim of the railroad reading habit are so affected as to focus at different distances, and then his sufferings are most acute, and though much relief be afforded by the treatment of a skilled practitior er, nothin but a discon- tinuance of the habit will a on! a perfect cure. In the case of a person who suffered tortures for two or three years from eye disorderdue to train reading. neither rest nor professional skill availed untilby acci- dent the yellow window shadcs in the office in which he was employed were removed. when he was ible at once to work with greatly increased ease and comfort, and in a few months was entirely cured. Albert Grimaldi. Prince of Monaco, got 81,500,000“ his last year's share of the profits 9fthe notorious gambling establish- ment in his dominions, not to speak of his dividends on the gambling compau y's stock, which. notwithstanding it was a “bed over $6,000,000 than during the like period year,” exceeded 40 per cent. These profits last year. represent an awful deal. t l. “s‘ .a . . y...‘ in..-....W..v. a...” Wm-.- -..M....w-rv-WW"" ~â€"-m .c ya... .. .. ~4<«_‘ - A ~¢u-_..