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‘ W m â€".__~_.__.â€"â€"â€"â€"_â€"____ â€"â€"â€"_â€"_â€"â€"-â€"_â€"â€"â€". â€"___â€"_â€"â€"__.â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"________.________,.‘ bing ed the ont~of~place buds as soon as THE EMPEROR WANTED TO Fl" Household. A Mother’s Duty. There is no part of a woman’s duty to her child that a young mother should so soon make ii. her business to study as the voice of her infant, and the language can- veyed in its cry. The study is neither hard nor difficult, close attention to its tone and the expression of the baby’s features arethe two most important points demanding atten- tion. The key to both the mother will find in her own heart. It is of the greatest importance that young children should be carefully protect. ed from the practices of nnprincipled nurses who, while calming the mother's mind with false statements as to the char. actor of the baby’s cries, rather than lose their rest, or devote that time which would remove the cause of suffering, administer behind the curtains those deadly narcotics which, while stupifying nature into sleep, insure for herself a night of many unbroken hours. Many nurses have not the hardi- bood to dose their infant charges, but they do not hesitate to employ other means to still the constant and reproachful cry. The most frequent means employed for this purpose is giving the babe something to suckâ€"something easily concealed from the mother, or, when that is impossible, under the plea of keeping it warm, the nurse cov- ers it in her lap with a shawl, and under this blind inserts a finger between the arched lips which possibly mean for drink. nder this delusion the infant is pacified, and drops into a troubled sleep. We again urge mothers to put themselves sympathetically in communication with their children so that they will be able to recognise the various shades of expression in the infantile voice. Dost Modes of Preserving Food. A correspondent writes :--I live in the country and find it impossible to secure a daily supply of ice. Last year I made up my mind to dispense with ice altogether. I will state for the benefit of other home- keepers, what I consider the best modes of preserving food. Meat should be carefully examined every day in summer, wiped dry, and such parts as are beginning or seem liable to taint, particularly kernels, removed. In hot weather it may be kept for several days more than it otherwise would by wrapping around it a linen cloth moistened with vinegar,or equal parts of vinegar and water. The acid vapor keeps off flies, and the moisturepcauses cold by evaporation. Fresh charcoal bruised to powder will also pre- vent meat from spoiling for some time. Meat, when slightly tainted, may be fresh- ened by boiling it for some minutes with several pieces of fresh charcoal. Fish should be kept in a very cool place â€"-a spring-house if possible ; but if that is not available, they should be laid upon a stone floor or shelf, and dipped in cold salt water every night and morning. If it be necessary to cop them for a few days, immerse them in a pickle of vinegar and water. Cabbages and other vegetables should be kept in a cool, shady and damp place, not in water, as that injures their flavor. The best way to refresh them is to out cilia portion of the stem and set the out part in water. They should not be laid together in a heap. I gather my fruit before it is quite ripe, place straw upon my shelves and lay.the fruit on them in such a way that there is at least an inch space between each piece of fruit. I cover my poultry and game wrtha muslin net and hang it in the cellar. â€"â€".â€"- Hygienic Summer Dishes. The close, sultry mornings and the hot, uncomfortable nights of July make the or- dinary bill of fare appear very unappe- tizing. There are people (one shudders to think what digestions and constitutions they are imparting to their children by such a course) on whose tables appear an nnvary. ing course of hot, fried or baked meats, in- digestible pastries and fried doughnuts the year round. The stomach is a much abused organ and stands a good deal, but your chil- dren, even “ to the third and fourth gener- ations," must pay for your misuse of your. self. There is not the slightest doubt but that, as a general thing. people eat too much. It is most often the child with the small appetite who weathers successfully many a storm of illness. A small appetite does not mean a dainty one. The dainty a petite looks for means of stimulation which too often include nuhealthful dishes. If ever the housewife and mother needs to study hygienic cookingit is in summer. If ever there is an excuse for vegetarianism it is in summer, but this I do not urge other than that there shall be a free use of vege- tables aud fruit. Spanish Ragoutâ€"Fry in butter a minced Spanish onion or an equal amount of white onions ; add a green pepper minced fine without the seeds, and sprinkle these over six large tomatoes that have been sliced and fried. Put a poached egg for each person on to and pour around a cream sauce,made by a ding cream or milk thickened with flour to the butter, in the pan in which the tomatoes were fired. There is no more de- lightful hot weather appetizer than this. Potato Omelet. â€"Take a pint of cold mash- ed tatoes and heat over the fire with two tab espoonfuls of sweet cream, heating with a fork until smooth and light. Add four beaten eggs, pepper, salt, and a little nut~ meg an recs through a sieve ; beat one tablespoon iii of butter in a saucepan and cook half of this mixture like an omelet. It is delightful with bacon or ham out inthiu rather: and fried crisp. Chopped Omelet and Egg-Have your round steak chopped very fine and freed from skin and sinews; season with salt, cayenne. and minced parsley and onion (a teaspoonnt of each of the two latter to a pound of steak), add the beaten yolk of an egg. and make into small flat cakes. Fry in drippir: until cooked through and brownsdon th aides: pour overths gravy, and crown each with a poached egg. but if the person who tries it does not take care to kneel in such a way of gravity of his body is kept behind the seat, the chair will infallibly tip over, to the great amusement of the spectators.â€" (Chums. l Lobster Cullenâ€"Mince a pound of lobster small (the canned may he used), season with salt, white pepper, two ounces of melted butter, two beaten eggs and enough fine, sifted breadcrumbs to make it cling together. Shape in the form of cut- lets ; dip in crumbs, then in egg and 383m tn crumbs, and fry in hot drippings. These are very palatable with green peas or tomato sauce. m SHIPMENT OF GOLD. A Fabulous Amount of Gold Carried to Europe Since the Beginning of the Year. The quantity of treasure carried across the Atlantic when Spain was robbing Mexico, Central America, and South America, though supposed to be fabulous, is small compared with that which passes between this continent and Europe now adays. The rich freight of a returning Spanish galleon would seldom run into the millions as do the gold shipments on board some of the fast Atlantic steamers on their outward trip from New York.’ Since the beginning of the year these steamers have carried from the United States to Europe more than forty million dollars’ worth of gold. Last year nearly sevonty million dollars’ worth was shipped abroad during the gold-exporting season. On a single vessel there will often be as much as THREE MILLION DOLLARS. WORTH , of the yellow metal. The buccaneers had rarely such a prize as that to lie in wait for in the gilded, gorgeous days of the sixteenth century. Also in those times there were fewer treasureships crossing. A few gal- leons sufficed to carry the yearly spoil to Cadiz. Of course, the gold shipments, great as they are, are but a small fraction of the total wealth coming and going on the Atlantic. But the very magnitude of this commerce has done away with piracy. Navies have grown up to protect shipping. Other modern circumstances have assisted in the decay of piracy on the high seas. Steam and the development of a high rate of speed made the merchantmen hard to catch ; steam also led to the changing of the trade route, and the gradual quitting of the path of the trade winds, near which the buccaneers had their lurkin places in the mazes of the West Indies. dint the power- ful protection marine commerce now enjoys is enough to render piracy on the high seas impossible. The only risk now a days is loss by shipwreck, and that risk shippers transfer to the shoulders of insurance com- panies. But the cost of insurance, the freight, and the loss of interest, are a check to gold exportation, and are only overcome when remittance by bills of exchange are still more expensive. Above all these ex- penses there is always the danger of losing the cargo. IF THE VESSEL WENT DOWN the insurance could not prevent the gold from being lost, though it could throw the loss of it off the exporter. Also, the expor- tation of gold is frequently injurious to the country which parts with it. The condition of the United States last year is an example of such injury. Therefore, though there is no longer any danger from pirates, the trading countries have good reasons for pre- ferring to pay their adverse balances in some other way than by gold shipments. It would seem that they should be able to make their settlements without shipping gold to Europe in the spring and then back to America in the fall. There is waste in this method. Britain would not be import- ing gold if there was anything else that could possibly be done with her foreign balances. She has now more than she knows what to do with. If her capitalists had confidence in business in the United States her balances would he left there, as all spare commercial bills would be bought up against drafts on English investors. -_â€"â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"_â€". "Wt-.- Not so Easy as it Looks. Laya chair on the floor in the manner shown by the picture. Ask some one to kneel on the back bar and take up with his mouth a piece of sugar laid on the forward end. This is apparently an easy thing to do, that the centre .â€"â€"_..__â€"_ Not A Drunkard's Paradise. Renowned though Switzerland be for the freedom and democracy of its institutions, there is no country in the world that is so drastic and severe in its treatment of iuebriates. The laws vary in detail in the 2.7 cantons, but in their essential principles they are very simple, and provide for the punishment not only of those persons who indulge in strong drink to excess, but also for the poo 1: who supply the liquor in question. runkards are visited with pen. sltics amounting to a maximum of a year's imprisonment with hard labor and three years' interdiction from exercising the franchise and from the purchase of any alcoholic drink, while the dealers and inn- keepers who permit their customers to be- come intoxicated or who furnish liquor to “interdicted” persons are likewise sentenced to the payment. of heavy fines, imprison. ment, and forfeiture of license. Altogether Switzerland can scarcely be considered as drunksrd's paradise. THE FARM. Flavor of Butter. The butter flavor is not only very evanescent, but is very Few persons can thoroughly rating by an expert would rank below it. localities and is undergoing constantchange. others are not satisfied unless their butter has astrong taste. It will be found that. an attempt should be made to change the flavor of the butter, even though it should be to a superior quality, it would not be likely at first to meet with favorable recep- tion. It is recognized by buttermakers into market has produced a considerable change in the public taste, and that at the present time there is a much larger demand for mild‘fiavorsd butter than before cream- iary butter became so commonly used. The influence of individual localities is largely determined by the kind of butter the market furnishes. Our creameries can change the public taste almost at will. All of these facts have to be considered when we are ex erimenting upon the butter flavor. It spite of these facts, the proper butter flavor is a matter of great importance to the creamery. The butter expert who gener- allydecides the rating of the butter produc- ed by our creameries, recognizes the impor- tance of flavor. In market where different grades of butter comes into competition with each other as high priced pro- ducts, the prices are largely regulated by this peculiar, delicate, evanescent aroma. Of course, where the creameries of a large state agree to sell their butter at a given price, it is a matter of less importance to them whether they obtain this flavor but even then it will be found that the cream- eries which produces the best butter will have the greatest demand for their product. There are many creamerieslaud small dairies that make no special effort toobtain flavor. They are satisfied to produce a good quality of butter even though it may fall consider- ably short of the best. In all of the better creameries, however, the attempt is made to obtain this peculiar butter aroma, which enhances the price of butter in open market. Work for Rainy Days. By far too many farmers and' their labor- ers consider the rainy days as sacred to rest and inactivity. The thrifty, successful farmer, however, usually has plenty of in- door work planned for this inclement weather. The harness is to be cleaned and properly oiled, the stable floors are to be mended, tools and wagons repaired, gates made, the compost heap in the basement P handled over, and a hundred other little jobs attended to. The team may need shoeing: if so, let the man take them to the shop. than if kept working on the farm all the time, and these little things show that you have confidence in him. He will fully ap- preciate the situation, and not find fault if, in the rush of work, late hours sometimes find him in the field, and uill look after your interest in the proper care of live stock and the attention to details that will make many dollars difference in your favor at the end of the year. The tasks planned for rainy days should be such as can be done under, or near to shelter.. In the latter case, the intervals between showers may be utilized. It rarely pays any farmer to work outdoors when it is raining. Tenant Houses on Farms. Every large farm should have a tenant house conveniently located on the premises. Even for a smaller farm, where the owner is obliged to depend upon hired help to Some extent, a tenant house will prove a good investment. It is a permanent invest- ment, and adds that amount to the value of the property. The farm laborer living therein can get his meals at home, thus saving that much extra work for the farm- er’s family. Personal matters can then be discussed with more freedom than when a man, perhaps a stranger, is present, which is a consideration of no small moment, especially as men are usually but a year or two in aplace. Many things are said at meal time that, if repeated outside of the family, might cause trouble. A tenant house would prevent all this. A house sixteen by thirty feet will afl'ord all the necessary room, or a house fourteen by twenty-eight feet, two stories high, with a kitchen ten by twelve feet on the rear, will give good accommodations for a. family of five or six. One bedroom will be below, and two or three above. The surroundings should be made neat and pleasant. A garden and several fruit trees will be more pro- fitable than shade trees. If a row or two of small fruits and berries are added, two or three dollars more per year can be added to the rent, and will be willingly paid. The tenant or his family will usually give them good attention, for it is to their interest to do so. If the well water be hard, a cistern or some plan for obtaining a needed supply of rainwater should be provided. Such things cost but little and make the property more desirable, inviting abetter class of men than when such accommodations are not present. Thumb~prunerg'â€"'l;ees and Shrubs. “Nip it in the bud," is an old saying,but contains a remarkable amount of good com- mon sense, and when the application is made to tree growth, itis of greatimportance as regards the future shape, value and health of the tree. Upon the large limbs and trunks of trees, buds are pushed forth that, if not removed in the early stages of growth will cause an unsightly tree. If left several years before removal, it may result in the decay of the tree at the point of removal, or, if allowed to grow and become a part of the tree, will often make a difficult matter to reach among the limbs to gather the fruit. All of this trouble may be avoided by promptly pinching or rub- delicate. “PPW‘ ciate it. The great majority of eaters of butter would be unable to distinguish a first class product from a butter which in its The taste of the public differs in difi‘erent Some persons prefer a mild butter, while as a rule, people like the kind of butter that they have been accustomed to use, and if that the introduction of creamery butter He will do more favors in the future me they appear. On trees planted only a few years, this is an easy matter. An active â€"â€" ‘ man will hand-prune many small trees in a An Illustration of Germany‘s Readiness dpy’s time, and it should be done several times each summer for these succulent growths are not confined to spring or early summer. Setting Fence Posts. Posts that are to be placed in a clay soil which is liable to heave by the action of frost, will retain their original position longer if they are set in dog holes instead of being driven. Unless all the sharpened portion is placed below the action of the frost, and even then, if at the time of frees. ing the soil issoaked with water, the action of frost is liable to raise the post upward. However, as soon as frost leaves the soil a few blows on top of the post with a heavy maul will return it to its original depth, which could not be so easily done if the post was square at the bottom, as earth would fall in the cavity. On most soils sharpened posts are best, and when of dur- able material like cedar, oak or chestnut, and where the fencing material is wire, a post four inches in diameter will last as long and be just as serviceable as one six or more inches in diameter, and the cost is usually less. Profit and Loss on the Farm. Whena man uses an acre of hundred dollar land for growing a ton of hay, worth on the form only ten or twelve dollars, it is a confession that he has more land than he can properly utilize. The business of growing hay is all right, but the product should be at least two tons per acre, and can be made so by proper methods. A tenant farmer on a large farm is not often a happy individual. The small tenant farmer, who rentsa few acres on a cash basis, and cultivates it all mainly by the labor of his own hands, gets vastly more satisfaction from it than the extensive farmer. â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"_â€"â€"â€"â€" A Combined Sink and Slop Drain. How to dispose of the sink and slope water in a safe and expeditious manner is what greatly perplexes many residents in the country. In cities where there is the benefit of water works and sewers, this is an easy matter, A simple plan whereby this may be accomplished is shown in the illustration herewith. The dotted lines indicate the location of the sink. The com- mon outlet pipe passes downward in the usuall manner, but immediately under- neath the sink or under the floor, as most convenient, a foul air trap is made by simply bending the lead pipe in the form shown at a; it should extend upward at the bend a little more than the diameter of the pipe, so that the pipe at the lowest oint of the bend will always remain full of water. This, of course, prevents the sewer gas from escaping into the room. Every time the sink is used the water re- ining in the pipe is forced out by the weight of the new addition. This is one of the most simple lessons in hydraulics, and of great value when rightly put in practice. It is well also to flush the sink pipe occasionally with strong washing soda, lettingit stand in the trap all night. The refuse water from the weekly wash, mop- ping or scrubbing, may be emptied into t e funnel at m, and be carried ofi'by the drain. This funnel is of wood one foot square at the top, tapering to the diameter of pipe. The drain pipe should be at least four inches in diameter and placed below frost, and discharged five or six rods from the dwelling, so that the water will spread SAFE METHOD OF DISPOSING 0F SLOPS- over a large area and quickly evaporate The sink outlet pips should be one inch in diameter, either of lead or iron. The fun- nel also acts as a ventilator for the drain, and should nosbe locatednearer than fifteen feet from the building. - Cast iron pipe is best for the drain, as sewer pipe or wood. unless the joints are cemented, is liable to leak, which will \ prove dangerous to the well and collar. Mistaken Identity. Since clergymen and comedians are now almost the only classes of men who habitu- ally shave their faces smoothly, it is not strange that amusing mistakes of identity should sometimes occur. Dean Stanley,the famous English clergyman told, before his death, a story which illustrated the possi- bility of such mishaps. The dean, it seems bore a striking resemblance to a certain “low comedian," or funny man, who, in the winter of 1879- 80, was acting at Philadelphia and staying at the Continental Hotel, where Dean Stan- ley also happened to be sojourning for a day or two. Not only were the great clergyman and the actor much alike in face and features, but they were apparently about of the same age and of the same figure. One day, as the “first cld man"â€"â€"who,by the way, was a young manâ€"of the company to which the comedian belonged was going upstairs, he saw before him a man «whom he took to be the comedian ; and, by way of a joke. he gave him a sharp thrust with his thumb. It was Dean Stanley who turned around in astonishment and anger ; and the actor then saw the mistake he had made. “Sir,” he exclaimed, “I begyour pardon but I thought you were one of our com- y! “One of your company, ch 2" said Dean Stanley, rubbing the spot where he had been punched, “one of your company ; now young man. what kind of company do you keep? ’ For War With France. The general disarmament of European powers was the subject of an interesting interview which a Figaro reporter obtained last month with a French officer of Corps Commander's rank. At first the interview attracted comparatively little attention be- cause it was anonymous. It was made sud- denly famous,however, when several French Deputies announced in the Chamber that Gen. Marquis do Gallifet, the greatest "of living French cavalrymen, was the man whose authority was behind it. Although Gen. Mercier, War Minister, denied the possibility of Gallifet’s uttering the sen- timents expressed in the interview, almost everybody on the continent has accepted the Deputies' announcement, and the inter- view has been reprinted in about every city daily in central and western Europe. 0f the next war, the old soldier said: “Of course Russia is a high trump in our hands, but we must not forget that Russia could take no decisive stop until the sixth week after the beginning of the mobilization. With three or four army corps Germany can prevent any swift action on Russia’s part. The Germans have provided for this emergency. We spend on an average about 1,000,000,000 francs annually to prevent war, the extraordinary expenditure not included. Now we must again overhaul our arms, the Lebel rifles and cahncnâ€"an item of 600 or 700 millions. Thus, every expenditure is repeated with every advance of military science. “Now, provided that theoretically we can mobilize as rapidly as the Germans, provided that we are as well as if not better armed, provided that our officers’ corps is equal in numbers and training to the Ger- man ofiicers’ corps, still the Germans will have an inestimable advantage over us, despite all our sacrificesâ€"they can come down upon us suddenly and swiftly. The German Emperor is sovereign lord over war and peace. Here.we talk by the hour and day when something is tobe done. You say we should declare war before there would be time to attack us. Well, listen, I know from an unimpsachable source that on the evening before the Empress Freder- ick left. Paris, owing to the unpleasantness during her visit here, Freiherrvon Mar- schall went to our Ambassador and said: “ ‘ Your Excellency must know that no. body desires peace more than we do ; yet this morning we have had the greatest difficulty to dissuade the Emperor from ordering our troops to march over the French border. Kindly see that nothing more unpleasant happens before the Em- press’s departure from Paris; otherwise we shall not he able to-morrow to prevent his Majesty’s doing what be neglected to do to-day.’ “There, you see, we should have been surprised. Imagine the moral effect! Yet while it was doing we should have been arguing, and meantime the trains would have been bringing German troops over our frontier. In general it is fairly certain that in the mobilization Germany would have twenty-four, or thirty-six hours’ advantage at us. “ Until recent years I have desired war in order that I might make my name historical. I have changed my opinion. Standing at the head of 250,000 men, I formerly asked myself how I should have them fight. To-day I ask how I shall have them fed, how I shall have them march. War means a perfect standstill in the lives of Germany a'd France. Disarmament is undoubtedly desirable, but the question is, ‘How can it be done 2’ The lost provinces are in the way. To be sure, in the re- storation they did much for us, but now they are in the way. Perhaps their neutral- ization by a congress will prove the solution. At all events, however, France cannot speak the first word for such a plan.” The General also expressed the opinion that the Socialists in France would threaten the success of French arms in war. “ Should war break out to-day,” he said, “ we would be more anxious about what might happen behind us than about all the possibilities at the front. What would happen? We light. We are in the midst of battle. The Commander-in~chief must sacrifice a Generalâ€"for instance must sacrifice the right wing to give the left or centre a victory. Now, we live in a land of gossips, where everybody knows every- thing too soon. At once there is a tremeu‘ dons outcry against the Commander-in- chief. He is deposed; that is nothing. He is shot; even that is nothing. He is dishonored ; that is something." All things considered, the General thought that France would derive every advantage from a general disarmament. w...â€" Government and Disarmament. An address was recently sent to the Queen on behalf of the International Arbi tration and Peace Association, pointing out. the effect on the populations every- where of the ever-increasing military and naval armaments. In answer to the ad- dress the committec of the association have received the following reply from the Foreign Office: “ Sinâ€"I am directed by the Earl of Kimberley to state that the Queen has been pleased to refer to him the memorial which the international Arbi- tration and l‘cace Association addressed Her Majesty on the 12th inst, suggesting that Her Majesty should through her )onncil of State and Executive Ministers, initiate an international movement for the reduction of European armaments. Lord Kimberley can only repeat that the policy of Her Majesty’s Government continues to be that set forth in statements made in Parliamentto which the attention of the International Peace Association has already been drawn.â€"-I am sir. your most obedient, humble servant, T. H. Sanderson.” The statements in Parliament referred to in Sir I‘. Sanderson's letter were to the edect that Her Majesty’s Government would be very glad to do anything to help the move- ment, in favor of disarmament, but that they feared that their initiative at the present time would not be attended with satisfactory results. l s r “,5 I I -"r'~ ~..â€"..........