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.rI?‘;Et*i- : z ,' arsizfifâ€"‘éi‘if’f: s. .6. gang. .. . a. cudâ€"H, i i 5 1 . ,.--...,...awmmmm. a. . , . _ . “harness. . ,. ........ . ,., , w... .. r, ,tf -â€"._, RACIICAI. FARMING. Design For an ice House. Many small farm ice houses have to to stand out by theimsel ves, 4 and are thus the sun’s rays. L‘These falling 1directly upon the roof cause ({uentlossof ice The illust ration shows an ice house with two roofs, with an air space between,which will very greatly obviate this trouble. Such an extra roof can easily be p'sccd upon a small building, to the saving of no small amount of ice during the heat of summer. Every farm should be equipped with a well-filled ice house, for ice is a necessity, not a luxury. Winter-lug Stock. The natural temperature of all farm animals when in health is a little less than one hundred degrees. This temperature is maintained at the same point during the heat of midsummer and in the frigid weath- er of our cold winters by the vital process of combustion, but when the temperature of the animal is raised above the normal point by a highly heated atmosphere or by reason of violent exercise, it is at once exposed to the full efi'ect of lrun. The cream is run quite thick so as to be in small bulk, and is submerged in a Cooley can in atank of ice water. The same is done With the succeeding three milkings. Assoon as the cream from the fourth milking, which is always the mom- ing milking, has gotten thoroughly cooled. all four cans of- cream are poured into the churn. without having been tempered or mixed or any fussing whatever having been done with it since it was separated. The churn is started at once, no matter what the temperature is, although under those conditions the temperature will always be under 50 ° , and will usually be from 43° to 45°. The butter comes in the best of granular from after about 45 minutes churing, during which time the cream has warmed up to about 52° to 54 ° . By this method all ripening of the cream is saved with its great liabilities of injury and expense of a cream-ripening vat saved, and..the great difiiculty of keeping the cream at the proper ripening tempera- ture is overcome. There are probably but few butter jud- ges export enough to tellon a given sample of butter, 10 days old, whether is was made from sweet cream or sour cream. The sweet cream butter in tho tub undergoes the same changes that the sour-cream butter did in the ripening vat, and at the end of a few days has become, to all intents and purposes, sour-cream butter. UNCLE SAM AND JOHN BULL. Working flarmonionsly They Could Easily Rule the Commercial World. Taking an average of the last five years, says the London Times, we find that our im- ports from the United States have been worth about 8500,000a year, of which SOper cent. consists of food stuffs and raw mater‘ ials and is essential to the existence of our manufactures and ourexport trade. The full .. ...,. a... mâ€" .7... great economic fact that a man, in any reduced by perspiration. Food is the fuel which is consumed in the animal to keep it warm in cold weather, and the colder the weather, the more food will be necessary, significance of the figures, alike to ourselves and to the United States, is realized only when we remember that the total value of the exports of domestic produce of the unless other means are used to keep the United States 18 $1,000,000floo. We are, animal heat. A warm barn, a warm stable, a warm chicken house, a warm pig-pen are not only great savers of food, but make the stock comfortable, and in case of the cows, they give more and better milk; the pigs grow faster, and the chickens lay more eggs. In building a stable, or if'thc stable is al- ready built, it costs but a trifle to make it tight and warm, so as to give complete pre- tectiou to the animals, besides, there is great satisfaction _ in feeling during asevere storm, that all the farm animals are warm and comfortable. The economy of giving the farm stock warm quarters during the winter is an important factor in the item of expense, and, at the same time, the matter of venti- lation should not be neglected, for good air is as important to the wellbeing of stock as shelter and food. Of all the farm ani- mals that are shabbin treated and abused during winter, the pigs and young stock fare the worst. They get the poorest feed and the coldest quarters, as arule. The young stock live under the lee cfa straw stack, and the pigs are served with a cold, wet pen, without abed. Man’s inhumanity to man is said to be great, biit his inhuman- ity to animals is still greater. Let us urge then, as a saving of money, to keep the animals warm, and to treat them kindly pays big. General Purpose Farming. Have our farmers, as a rule, studied and mastered the fundamental principles of stock feeding and hygiene? Have they got beyond the obsolete “general purpose farming” idea? Have they learned the evocation, cannot do his best work by spreading himself too much? Have they learned to gauge accurately their own individual capacities and adaptabilities? Do they know the resources of their own particular soils; their strong points and their weak ones; how to take advantage of the strong points and to remedy and reinforce the weak ones? Do they concen- trate their chief attention upon the few things they can do well, and make the most of these? Or is the average farmer still open to the accusation of being to a great degree, “Jack of all trades” upon the farm, “and master of none?” The manufacturer could not now do busi- ness successfully on such loose lines. This “general purpose farming" hardly admits at all of the division of labor upon the farm, which, with the manufacturer, is one of his strongest points. Specialization in agricultural production does admit of some degree at least of increased skill and efficiency, due to practice in the labor employed by the farmer. _ A manufacturer, under present condi- tions. conducting his business so carelessly, would better shut up shop at once, for if not. the sheriff will speedily do it for him. There does not seem to be any good reason why farmers should be exempt from the nee-essin of carefully considering all the conditions of success in the prosecution of their busincss,and of conforming themselves to those conditions. hlen in other lines of ocoupation are not exempt. There are, indeed, many farmers who are engaged in the cultivation of lands. part, or all of which, are unworthy of cultivation under present conditions. Their labor is neces- sarily largely in vain, and the sooner they realize this fact the better for them and their families. Just so; there are many veins of coal. and of iron and other metals, not profitably workable now under present. prices. conditions and methods. Ifossibly they may come to have value some time but they have none now. â€"â€" Sweet or S our Cream Butter. A great deal is being said in these days as to whether cream should be churned sweet or sour. At the Vermont experi- ment station the cream in the ordinary routine is all churned sweet. The separating will be completed within l0 minutes after the last cow is milked. Twelve minutes more is sufficient to take out the separator bowl, clean it, wash it, scald it, and have it ready for the next! therefore the consumers of the United States for exactly half of their domes- tic produce. It may be assumed that the United States would not lose the cus- tomer of half of its export without being willing to make some concessions in the direction of a mutually advantageous union. It is hardly necessary to allude to the large a‘mouut of British capital invested in the United States, which would have every- thing to gain by a profitable union. The gradual shifting, which is believed by some economists to be taking place, of the center of the coal and iron industry from Great Britain to the United States suppliesâ€"if we accept the factâ€"another and very seri- ous reason in favor of commercial union with America. The conditions are such that the United States and the British empire must either compete for, or unite to hold, the command of the commerce of the world. United, we safely might defy com- petition from any of the other machine- using peoples. The dominating forces in commerce are usually held to be food, fuel, iron and copper. If to these 'we add the human factor, man, America and Great Britain may claim to own them all in a su- preme degree. The exact centre of each special industry would matter little. With coal and iron to spare for each other, we should be invincible. ITEMS OF INTEREST. Flying frogs are numerous in Borneo. A good bicycle can be bought in Paris for $15. An elephant’s skin, when tanned, is over an inch thick. Eight thousand carrier pigeons are kept for use in the German army. Cheap woolen stockings are adulterated bythe addition of the fiber of wood pulp. How much easier it is to teach other 5 people how they ought to walk than it is to show them how to do it. The Rev. E. A. Miller, of Farley, Io-wa., while witnessing a horse-race at Cascade, became so excited that his mind gave way. A toadstool, three feet in circumference, and weighing six pounds, grew last month on the farm of John Durham, at Hunting- ton. L.I . A little bit of cheese and an electric wire form the latest rat-trap. The cheese is fixed to the wire, and the instant the rat touches the cheese he is shocked todeath. Mushrooms, when once cooked, should never be rewarmed, to serve a second time at the table. After becoming cold,they are apt to develop injurious properties. The nine sons of Kirk Hackman, of Stur- geon, 310., have formed a base-ball club. They challenge any family nine in the country. Their ages range from twenty- two to eight years. Apricst of Buda,lfungary,recently marri- ed a very young couple, and, instead of the usual benediction, amazed principles and Witnesses by exclaiming, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” 'A genius in Ashtahula, Ohio, has invent- ed what he calls “indestructible wedding- cake." It looks tempting to the palate, but is not intended to be eaten. It will keep for years,and is so heavy that a wise mouse ~ would shun it. A mean man dwells in Oakland, Cal. A boy was caught between the wheel and body of a watering cart, and a plank from the sidewalk was broken in prying him out. The mean man, whose house faced the sidewalk that had furnished the plank, demanded fifty cents for the use of the board 3 Some jolly frllows in Bath. Me., engaged in an eating contest, for a wager. After most of them had gorged themselves, Squire Tâ€"-â€"-â€"topped 03 his feast with two slices of bread and butter, with a one-hundred- dollar bill spread between. He deliberately ate the costly sandwich,and won the wager. A hardware drummer in Detroit learned, while he was in a hardware store, that his rival in love was at that moment at his girl's house, having a good time. He at once called her up at the telephone, propos- ed,ancl was accepted. The rival was promptly informed- of the stats of affairs, and left the house, cursing the telephone. Something “'ill lliivc to be Done to Pro- tect People From a Nuisance “'hich is Getting Unbearable, The industrial conditions in the States are such that thousands of men are out of work and the already large army of tramps has grown to phenomenal dimensions. This would have no concern for us,if it were not that many of these tramps are finding their way into Ontario and are to be met with in numbers on all the country roads, begging from house to house and stealing When the opportunity offers. That these visitors are giving the country authorities much trouble can be easily believed, but What to do with them is the question. To distinguish the professional tramp, who would not work if he could get it, from THE UNFOR‘I‘UNATB WORKMAN' who is forced by circumstances to walk. from place to place is difli-cult, and it would not be right to class them. all among the idle and worthless. Yetsomething willhave tobe done to protect the residents in rural parts from a nuisance which grows every day more unbearable. Men without means of subsist- ence, wandering about the country, are likely to become dangerous, and the many Iiiâ€"fill IN WINNIPEG. A LARGE AMOUNT OF VALUABLE PROPERTY DESTROYED. Tho “'cstcrn Canada Loan Company’s Building Totally Destroyed, “'iih Much Valuable Properly Contained Within itâ€"The Grand Union llotcl Also li'on. mintedâ€"Narrow Escape of Inmatesâ€" lv‘lre Engines Broken and Useless. IA despatch from \Viunipeg says :â€"Win- nipeg was visited on Friday morning by disastrous fires, causing a property loss now roughly estimated at $300,000. Three handsome blocks, which were among t"he largest in the city, are in ashes, ‘and beside them, half a dozen smaller buildings. About two o’clock in the morning flames were discovered in the basement of the Western Canada Loan Company’sbiiilding, located at the corner of Portage avenue and Main street. The fire started in the elevator shaft and ran up the funnel-like opening to the top. In 15 minutes the whole building was a mass of flames and it was imp ssible to: save-any_ thing. The lower storeys were occupied by Wright Bros.,dry goods,aud Mitchell’s drug crimes which we read of are traceable to i store. Two. storeys above were: occupied by this source. What is needed is tramp‘law which will enable county authorities to deal with these wanderers, so that if they commit any depredations they can be easily followed and apprehended. In the first place, the police at Suspension Bridge and \Vindsor should be instructed to prevent professional tramps from entering the pro- vince. Officers accustomed to deal with such characters shouldbe able to distinguish the regular hobo from the honest wayfarer, and while allowing the one to gohia way, send the other back across the river whence he came. Then there should be a system of registration in towns and villages to which all persons on tramp would be compelled to conform, so that each tramp could be traced from place to place if use essary. The man who BU‘ICIIERBD JESSIE Km had haunted for weeks the part of the country in which the crime was committed, pilfering here, and there, and ending with the atrocity which shocked the country. Had there been any law. by which the county oonstabulary kept track of tramps this man would have been sent along from place to place and would not have been able to commit a crime without being instantly apprehended. This is a subject which calls for immediate action on the part of the authorities. idea who, in many cases, are vicious characters cannot be allowed to prowllup and down the country committing petty thefts and running to greater crimes as the impulse takes them or as the chances of detection diminish. Means must be devised of dealing with the evil and the sooner the better. _ ....... *0... A Sehoolmastsr's Hard Lines. The ways of the schoolmaster in Monti]- lana, province of Granada, Spain, are hard. The schoolhouse in this particular place is used as a granary during the summer vaca- tion. A few days ago a schoolmaster. wished to begin his instruction again and wrote letters to the villagers who owaed the grain in the building. asking politely that they â€"remove it. The answer was unexpected. The peasants, angry at the "assumption" of the fellow, stormed his house, pulled him out into the street and beat him badly. The excitement soon ex- tended to all the people in the hamlet, and alarge mob of howling men, women, and children sthered about the house of the mayor. his doughty ruler brought order out of chaos by ordering two of his ser- vants to chase the schoolmaster out of town! He will not teach the young idea l how to shoot in )lontillana this winter. loan. companies, financial agents- and insur~ once companies, while in‘the topistorey was the Masonic lodge room, containing thou- sands cf dollars" worth of costly furniture, regalia and a library that has. taken years to collect. Everything in the‘building was consumed, with. a loss not less than $125,- 000. While this fire was at its height, flames were discovered' issuing from the basement of the Grand Union Hotel on Princess street, half a mile distant from the \Vestern Canada block. \Vhen the discovery was made, the fire brigade wasin a. practically helpless state. Of the‘three engines, one was dismantled in the repair shop, another broke down completely after an hour’s work, and but one machine was left, and this could not be taken from the ;Weetern Canada block fire, so the flames at the Grand Union hotel raged unchecked. ' There was a high wind blowing and thisl carried the flames across Princess street to the big brick warehouse of Merrick, Anderson & Co., filled with hardware, binding twine, etc,. The hotel and warehouse, inside of two hours, were lev- elled to the ground and all the contents destroyed. The guests at the Grand Union only escaped with their lives. Two board- ing houses next to the warehouse and two grocery stores and a stable next to the | hotel were also burned so quickly that nothing was saved. The mayor telegraph- ed to other towns to send engines, but they did not reach here in time to be of service. The confining of the fire to the buildings mentioned is regarded as little short of a miracle. In its utterly unprotected state it would not have been surprising had half of the city been wiped out. Some of the people at the hotel had hair~ breadth escapes, being carried out nearly suffocated, in the arms of bravo firemen. Several firemen were injured, but not ser- iously. ‘p _â€"â€"â€"â€"-.-â€"-â€"â€"- Algy's Ambition. Algyâ€"-“Aw-â€"â€"can you spare me a few hundred to Who ovab to Lunnou '2" Fatherâ€"“ What's the object?" “Golf.” “ Good ! If you learn how to play golf, it mayâ€"" “ Oh, but I don't want to play it. I want to learn how to pwonownce it." A Little Dangerous He (designingiy)â€"" What a terrible ,t'niug it would be if some rascal should .' marry you for your money.” She (disciuraginglyiâ€"“ It would be for {himâ€"if I found it out." THE mm Luff A REMARKABLE PAINTING THAT IS BEING MUCH DISCUSSED. â€"_ It Represents the Monkey)“ no Appeared Just Before He Became a Fully Devel- oped Dianâ€"This ls Darwin’s Theory on _ Canvass. The latest work of Gabriel Max, the Munich m‘mstro, whose genre pic‘ tures of monkey.life have attracted great attention during the last few years, is herewith faithfully reproduced in Tris Ean'rn. The artist calls it the “Pithecau- thropus alalus, the European Ape-Man,’ and dedicated his work to Prof. Ernest Haeckel, the celebrated naturalist and zoologist, best known for his " Natural History of Creation," in which he defends the Darwinian theories on the origin of man and his history. The popular name for the painting will probably always read “ Missing Link." Prof. Max says that this picture repres eats the results of scientific investigation, and that it is not a "scientific legend,” like the works of the-French writer Jules Verne. ‘I have done away with fanciful tales, saga and myths,” he says. “ My painting is grounded on a scientific hypothesis.” The hypothesis was,no doubt, furnished y Max’s friend. Prof. Haeckel, whose works on anthropology have always been studied with great care by the painter, the latter himself being an expert in all questions of anatomy. “By these studies," says Max, “ I was ‘ forced to the conclusion that the relations between monkey and man are much less obscure than generally accepted.” The artist pursued his studies both in-his library and the continental zoological gardens, which contain a great many fine and rare specimens of the monkey family. The result is this “Reconstruction of the Ape-Man,” which ' IIAS BEEN IIAILI‘ZD W-ITII DELIGHT in European art circles,whilo scientific men of the foremost rank are giving it much attention. As long as the missing link itself has not been discmered Max’s recon- struction will be regarded an excellent substitute. Prof Haeckel, it is said, gave Prof. Max hints as to the anatomical construction. The ape man and woman, which the painting represents, are intended to show the missing links as they appeared in the period when they began to outgrow the habits of mere animals and cultivated the spark of intelligence. The artist himself says that he expects anutomists and an- thropologists to attack him on account of theform he has imputed to the ape-man. His, chief intention was to invest his figures with character that should show in min EXPRESSION or 'i‘iiE coux'rimas'ct‘. According to Prof. Hueckel, the ape-man was unable to speak. He lived in the Virgin forest. This forest was situated in the interior or the middle part of Eu- rope. The picture exhibits brownish-yellow tints, representing the semi-darkness of the forest. The skin of the ape-woman. has the complexion we are wont to associate with the people of Southern Italy. The ape.mau is darker. The hair of both is of the blonde tint. Especially remarkable are the full lips of both man and woman,and itisworthnoting that the artist claims Europe asthe home of the ape-man. Scientists have-repeatedly asserted that Africa, or Asia. was first populated. The lips of the figures repre- sented are eminently African. And TIIE MALE MISSING .ILLVK animal traits and sensations still pre- dominate. VVe see him graspthe branch of the tree at his first upright step into an un- known spherc, but behind the half-closed lids his eyes look with semi-intelligence down upon his Wife and child. They seem to express pride and at the same time care and perhaps also regret. His lips are parted as if to speak an encouraging word. Perhaps it would have been more politic in the artist not to eni- phasize the fact that hiaapc-man was not endowed with the gift of speech. The male gives the impression. that he is in the act of saying something.. The female missing link is far more inter- estin . She seems tohaue forgotten her sur- roun ingsin the care for the child she is nurs- ing. Her eyes are wido-open,staring into space, the world having no interest for the mother fulfilling hoe sweetest duty. Her very stare seems. toimply a soulful retro- spectiou missed, to. some extent, in her husband. You. perceive that there are tears in her eyes; indeed a tear-drop is running down. her check. “The artist,”says a German critic of this remarkable painting, “intended to infer by representing the missing link woman crying that she was vaguely conscious of the con flicting aspects of the new life into whicn she was introducing her baby. With tears she took leave from her old associations and habits; with tears she greeted the new. This is eminently womanish and quite in kee iiug with Prof. Max’s reputation as one of t e foremost painters of woman’s eye, which he holds to be the soul of the indivi- dual. Uf the baby we see but little aside froma blonde, oval head and two chubby arms and hands.” The feet and arms of the ape-man show traces of their original form when both were used in the same fashion, as the monkeys of our day use them. Learning to Cook. “ No, ma'am," said the grocer, making a great cluttering among his tins; “ I have coffee-pots and tea- is, but there isn't such a thing as a Joe ~pot in the store." “ I'm so sorry,” walled the young wife; “you see, we haven't been married lone, and my husband’s mother has always cook- cd for him. and when I heard him talking in his sleep about a Jack-pot I thought I'd get one. for he mentions it so often he must be used to it. Could you toll me what they cook in it '3" “ Greens, nia’ain,” said the grocer, and he sent her to the tin store in the next block. "‘ \. 1......- l v /