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‘.’."jl‘:'-7't.‘.'57-.5"x'.. .‘ .‘r‘ . L:‘.."“ J'. 5. '77. E i . g A t 9. 's.‘ “lik' “157.7791! .'~_E£ZP_'JI"L9fr:.‘?.‘<.g-" “ < :57. erfiz‘fmi‘éi-‘GLW' “jg-aan . ..... .. ,,-. . a“... 3:?urvp‘1uvztintnt i .__â€"mm..- . .... . __,.m_.____.-â€"-â€"â€"â€"~______~__§_____ ... mefiwmezwue mu .9. .: “mun-l... . MILZI.‘ 1.‘J..:.s-A.n~.w..u .., J... -.. . -.. .. .. ..:. . . . :. ' ‘ “magmatqu Wdflgbdm’mwu‘mmum.‘ .__“ WW addition to this room, there should be . l a yard quite as large, to which they E can go to deposit their excremnets, 5‘ if this yard is not too muddy they will “W‘M‘HMIATITC , keep their beds clean. A cement floor IMPROVING THE COIV STABLES. -In my travels I find that there has been but little improvement: in cow stables, writes Dr. L. Pearson. They are not in much better condition than 20 or 30 years ago. The time has come when there must. be a change. in my opinion the lungs of many dairy cat- tle are becoming smaller because of the confinement in poorly ventilated stables. It is impossible to keep the Imilk free from germs and no} insist on modern dairy practices. forced more than formerly. fed more and yield more. Conse- quently in order to do this additional . is the best thing for the pen 'and the ’yard outside also might well have a similiar' floor a few inches lower V than that outside,in which shouldal- {ways be kept some leaves, the straw 5taken from the beds when they are cleaned out, and any other material which will act as an absorbent for the liquid manures. In this way each hog will make a rich pile of fertilizer every season. \Ve have heard a far- mer say that: the manure made in his ' hog pen would grow more _ grain than ithe hogs had eaten, and if he could inot prove it by figures he was con- lvinced of it. if one is to grow two Cowsul’e crops of pork 3 year, killing his hogs They are ‘ ' an SIX or seven months old, or at 2.00 l or 150 pounds each his manure heap. is an important item on the farm. lVith warm, comfortable houses the October pigs can be fattened about as profit- {ably as the April pigs. work, they mlust be given better quarters. , Sables are demanded now whichl can be disinfected and which are com- fortable and convenient. most important points is an abund- ance of light. Light is conducive to cleanliness, it kills many germs, in- creases the animal’s power of resist- ance to disease and aids nutrition. Therefore, build a stable with plenty oat windows. Let the sun Shine in on i torical record of. its existence: the cow part of the day at least. A special arrangement made for ventilation. Remqu One of the _â€"_..____ PLAGUE'S RAVAGES. i \ \ "" ‘ A Iltslorlcal llorlullly List. of the "Ol‘l‘lhll‘ Pestilence. The following figures convey an idea of the fearful ravages of the bubonic iptlag'ue from the time of the first hisâ€" I The 'hvistovry of bubonic plague dates from should be i the second and third centuries before the ’ Christ, and two Alexandrian physi- air from as near the bottom of the 5 clans, Dioscorides and Posidonius, who stable as possible. dioxide is heavy and settles to the floor of the stable. Four smells are , The carbonuvere contemporaries of Christ, have i left: a description of the disease which leaves no doubt that; it was the same produced and fermentation takes place as that Of mOdem ti,mes' The p'lagil-E; there, consequently the air should be never died out. bl” “3 “’35 n°t uni“ removed from below. The best arâ€" rangement for ventilating shafts is difficult to determine, but we have found that iron ventilator tubes Plac- Bd on the inside of the buildings with Openings near the floor are quite satisfactory. The top of the shaft should be covered with a cap, so in case of high winds the cold air will not be forced down into the stable, The iron pipes assume the temperature Oil the air of the stable and are more effective in drawing off the foul air from near the floor than any other kind. _ The character of the floor is very important in a cow stable. It should be water-preof, so as to save all manure and to prevent fermentation and consequent contamination of the air. Cement floors with roughened surfaces are probably best, being in- expensive and durable. were very well for flooring, provided it. is laid on a firm foundation and the space between the bricks is filled Wllh cement. The cattle should be made as comfortable as posssiblc, and in _my experience I have found that lswmging stanchions are the most sat- isfactory. The ananwgers .should be open so that they can easily be cleaned. I would advise partitions beâ€" tween the heads of cows, as this tends to prevent the transmission of con- tagious diseases, like tuberculosis. There should be no dark corners or dead spaces in the barn, where dust and. trash can accumulate. lValls and ceilings should be as smooth as posâ€" sible, so that they can be kept white- washed and free from dust and dirt. Good barns are not necessarily very sxpensxve. j ’ sErmcrmc GOOD cows. It is hard work for the most experi- enced to select a good cow merely by her appearance, though one may think he knows all the marks to indi- cate a large milk production or a good butter cow. She may have them all, and yet. by improper treatment when young she may have been so spoiled as to fall short of what she should have been. S'he may have been fed so that she acquired the "habit of turn- ing her food into flesh or tallow in- stead of milk or butter fat, before she ever came to milking, and if so, it is doubtful if hereditary influence can counteract the effects of evil training. any more than it. always does with the human race, we nearly all know of in- stances where surroundings have been unfavorable, and have made those go wrong who were naturally good; and while there are cases of reform, it takes much time and trouble to effect a cure which is doubtful at the best. 5 The surest way fur the dairyman. to get a good herd is to raise them him- self: to breed for milk, to feed for milk, and to use every method that he knows of to develop the milk-pro- ducing power. When this has been done after the cow is in milk we be- lieve it is possible to so feed as to bring up the percentage of butti‘e fat not perhaps beyond her natural capa- bility, but up to that, which is apoint that very few cows ever reach. \Ve do not think a good Jersey has reach- bring up the percentage of butterfat until she makes a pound of butter from five quarts of milk six months after she drops {her calf, and as this may seem to be an extravagant stateâ€" ment to many people, we will say that we know of a case more than 30 years ’ ago in which a man won a wager of 850* by (our quarts of the cow’s milk, making over one Ipound of butter, the milk being cared for and cream churn- ed by a perfectly disinterested party. CR OW'DE-D S‘WIN E. Swine should not be crowded ini their pens. eight by ten may do very well for a sleeping room and feeding room for three hogs, and we never would put, l They will crowd one , more than three in one pen if it were twice as large. Brick ans- l the middle of the fourteenth century that the horrible epidemic, known as the "black plague ” visited Europe land caused the death of more than g25,000,000 people. The disease was cpl- demic in London in 1348, 1861, and 1368. lIn 1352 two-thirds of the atmdemic ’population of Oxford died of it. It was again epidemic in London in 1400, 1406, 1428, 1472 and 1499. In 1466 over 40,000 persons died of itiin Paris. In 11563 it broke out again in London, I! and the mortality was more than 1,000 fper Week. In 1572 Lyons lost 50,000 of its population from the plague. In 1574 it visited Venice and carried off 70,000 persons. in 1603 the mortality of another epidemic in London reach- ted 38,000. In 1603 an epidemic in iEgypt is said to have resulted in the death of 1,000,000 people. An epidemic in London in 1625, caused a mortality of 35,000, and in 1636, more than 10.000 Londoners were carried off. In 1656 there was A TERRIFIC EPIDEMIC ! which carried off 300,000 in Naples, 60,- 1000 in Genoa, and 14.000 in Rome. In i1665 a fresh epidemic in London re- lsu-lted in the death of 68,500 people. This is the first absolutely accurate {estimate on record. In 1679 'Vienna ilost: 76,000 by plague, and in 1681 iPrag'ue lost 83,000. In 1704 Stockholm had an epidemic with about 40,000 fa- ital cases. In 1720 an epidemic in Marseilles: carried off from 40,000 to 60,000 people. In 1770 and 1771 the plague killed 800,000 people in Moldovia Wallachia, Transylvania, Hungary and Poland and in the same year one fourth of the population of Mos-cow died of plague. Since that time there have been frequent outbreaks of the disease, and it has constantly existed in Lower Hindostan and about Con- stantlno-ple, but there have been no really great epidemics. Coming to reâ€" cent time-s, Bombay suffered an epiâ€" ldeinic in 1896. In January the morâ€" tality was nearly 5,000, and in Febru- ary 4,600. The total mortality in the Presidency of Bombay has been, 164,â€" 083. In Puna, last; August, there was an average of 160 deaths a,day, in a population of 60,000. i It is a remarkable fact that Euroâ€" lpeans seem scarcely susceptible to the ldisease nowadays. and are able to iwithsl;and its ravages when infested. lDurlng the recent outbreak in Hong- ikong only 1] Europeans were attackâ€" fed, and the mortatlity in their cases {was but 18.2 per cent. Among Japan- ! ass, 10 cases, the mortality was 60 per 506mb, among Portuguese residents, 18 Tenses, the mortality was 60 per cent. and among Chinese, 2,619 cases, the imcrrtality was 93.4 per cent. . Dr. George M. Sitternberg, LI..D., in _an interesting article in the Geogra- "phic, Magazine. says: “I shall have the satisfaction of made such progress during the past 3‘ 50 years that there is very little danâ€" ‘ger that bubonic plague will ever again commit serious ravages in the j more enlightened countries of Europe, ior that it is a Serious menace to the Tlives and prosperity of. citizens of ,th-is country. ‘ â€"+â€" 3 General French is known as "Sil- Ient: French.” The now famous cavalry jleader started his career on the deck , of a inan-o'-war, abandoned Ill; for the infantry, and on leaving this entered the cavalry branch of our service. For about twelve days he was an 8th Hussar, from which he transferred to the 19th, at that time one of the slackest and worst disciplined regi- ments in the service. However, under that splendid horseâ€"soldier Barrow, well backed by French, the regiment was rapidly licked into shape, and be- A pen 10 feet square or came famous for its scouting and the skill and cleverness of its non-com- missioned officers. Experts in the Census Bureau esti- mate the population of the Unlted States, as likely to be disclosed by the forthcoming census, at 78,000,000. _E.1Gm (“MMWWMWW another in bed and at the trough. In -slat.ing that preventive medicine has. QFN HOW THE GREAT FALLS OF TODAY CAME INTO EXISTENCE. From the Breaking Up of a Colossal lcc Gorge During the Glneinl Pe- riod the Irresistible Flow of the I Mighty Cntnrnct \Vns Formed. Professor Herman Leroy Fairchild of Rochester university has brought to light some strange and romantic geological facts regarding N lagara’s formation in prehistoric days that are worthy of atten- tion. He said: “The ancient ancestors of Niagara were hundreds of miles from the present loca- 9 tion. These extinct rivers have left; re- | markable gorges across the ridges separati- ing the north and south valleys of Ska- neat-clcs, Otisco, Onondaga, Butternut , and Limestone, and they lie along a lino joining the villages of Marcellus, South Onondaga, Jainesville, High Bridge and Myccnae. To trace N iagara’s ancestry back to the time when it is possible to discover any trace of the course of the original waters it is necessary to go back to the glacial period. The last great in- vaslon of ice buried all of New England, all of New York state except usmall area near Salamanca, all of the basins of the great: lakes and the Mississippi valley as for south as nearly to the mouth of the Ohio river. “This ice body, some thousands of feet in thickness, uncovered the land it; had invaded not by general melting of its sur- face, but by the slow recession of its front- age. The summer floods from the rainfall and the ice melting carried immense quantities of gravel down the south lead- ing valleys and filled thein deeply with the detritus. When the ice front retreated to the north side of the divide separating today he northward drainage of the St. Lawrence from the southward drainage of the Mississlppl and Susquehanna, the wa- ters were impounded between the ice front and the north sloping land surfaces. “The glacier occupied the Laurentian basin and its present low northward and eastward passes, and consequently all the waters were forced across the divide to tho southward. When the west end of the Superior basin was uncovered, it held a glacial lake, which we now call Lake Du- luth. In the some way a local glacial lake was formed in the southern end of the Michigan basin, known today as Lake Chicago, and in the western end of Eric basin, called now Lake Mcumee. The lowest of the three outlets of these lakes .was that of Lake Chicago, which formed the channel now utillzed by the Chicago drainage canal. Eventually, by the con- tinued recession of the ice front, land was uncovered either side of the Michigan val~ ley, lower than the St. Croix outlet; of Lake Duluth or the Fort Wayne outlet; of Lake Maumce, and the Chicago outlet robbed the two higher outlets. “The high glacial waters in the Erie basin were finally extended north and east by the continued recession of the ice dam until they covered all of the Erie basin, the lower Huron basin and the southwest. ern part of the Ontario basin. These wa- ters are now called Lake Warren. At this time the ice front lay against; the high ground southward from Syracuse and therefore blocked the low pass by the Mo- hawk valley, which was lower in altitude than the Chicago outlet; of Lake Warren Waters. “As the ice front; weakened and receded in the Syracuse region, the Warren waters, which formed in New York a belt of sev- eral miles’ width along the ice border and reached southward up the valleys of the present “linger” lakes, crept eastward at their proper level. “One summer day the critical moment came, and the high water found escape eastward past the ice to the open Mohawk Hudson. At first this may have, been an insignificant spilling, but the flow in- crcused, and with the down cutting of the waste weir an iri'eslsblble flow was estab- lished. The first spillway I caumt: pre- cisely locate, but it. is certainly one of two east and west gorges in rock, one being two miles east: of. Jamesville, the other two miles southwest. “With the farther retreat. of the loo front; other lower canyons were out, and a series of great rock cuts were made leading across the ridges that separated the north and south valleys in which the glacial wa- ters were pended at their successive levels. The most western of the canyons heads on the Onondaga limestone, about four miles north by east of Skaneateles and conveyed the flood of hypo-Warren waters eastward to the Otlsoo valley, building a huge delta. south of Marcellus village. “From this valley the waters escaped to the Onondaga valley by snot-her splendid canyon east; of Marcellus, with an enor- mous delta at Sour-h Onondaga village. From the Onondaga valley three line can- yons led east; to the Butternut valley near ; Jainosville. The lowest and finest of these 3 is the great rock out utilized by the Dela- l were, Lsokawanna and Western railroad i in passing from Syracuse over to James- vlllc. East; from J ainesvlllc are three cuts l leading east: to the limestone valley at. High Bridge, and three more lead on north- east to lower ground at: Iroquois level. “At least three of the canyons are head- ed by similar cataracts to Niagara. One fine cataract is at; the head of the middle one of the three gorges at Jeniesville, with Green (Jaincsvllle) lake filling the basin in the amphitheater. Another cataract ls northeast of Jamelvlllo 1% miles, and a fine one is located two miles southwest of Mycenae. In the latter the pool at the font; of the caramel; has been filled. “Other and subsequent channels are found northward~one at Camlllus and one passing through the center of Syra- cuse. The altitudes of these channels cor- relate perfectly and show a descending flow eastward in each series. The upper ones have an elevation much above Chica- go, because all the land of the Laurentlau era has suffered, since the ice removal, an unequal uplifting that has given the old water planes 3 northward rise, amounting in the Syracuse region to 300 feet difl‘er- ential as compared with Chicago. ' . “These predecessors of Niagara were not; outlets of Lake Warren, for that lake poured its surplus waters to the Missis- sjonl Thev were clowlv fullimr waters. IAGARA. which reached a long permanent stage in the glacial Lake Iroquois when the low- est: pass to the Mohawk, at Rome, N. Y., was opened. We may call the waters with the eastward leading canyons hyperlro- quols. One long permanent stage having its outlet by the channel east of Marcellus has left flue beaches along the Seneca val- ley and has been named Lake Dana. “The present waters of Niagara proba- bly began their flow when the railroad channel southeast of .Syracuse became effective. The channels, having a present elevation under about. 600 feet above side, Were only a low full at Lewiston.”â€"â€"Phll- tidaltilila Times. THd CITY OF THE SUN GOD. A Syrian Belle of Pagan Worship and Human Sacrifices. Baal ’Bek. the city of the sun god, lies at the foot: of Anti-Lebanon, in Syria. In order to reach it you must ride many miles over bare brown plain, across ridges hoary with olive and green with mulberry, be- Suddenly out of the silent fields spring might-y walls and pillarsâ€"giants who lift their heads into the amber sky. of those superhuman columns, beside which the tallest; trees look like blades of grass, fills one with amazement. It is not: alone their size and strength and beauty that. inspire wonder, but their very exist- ence in such a. solitude, far from the track of mankind.’ We of the nineteenth cen- turyâ€"meek dependents on rail and steam -arc so in the habit of associating cities with uiodcrn means of communication that we are astonished at; the presence of massive ruins in the heart of a valley re- mote from river and sea. As we draw near our wonder grams, for out of the thick grove, whose dark branches sweep and moan like a troubled sea. around the fool; of linpci'ishablc clifl's, massive, ornate, stately even in their heap- Sun, a relic of pagan worship that has dynasties and faiths. Led as by some strong encltantment, we pass through the grove, whose dark avenues, overgrown with weeds, have echoed with tho shrieks of the victims of Baal, lord ofthe heav- ens. There, in the shadow of that poplar, men figure with n bull‘s head and out- stretched arms, from which children drop pod into the fierflap. "They caused their sons and daughters to pass through the fire. ” “They made themselves molten images, even two calves, and made a grove and worshiped all the hosts of heaven and served Baal." It; is not easy to associate these bloody rites with such splendor of design and colossal workmanship, yet it is beyond dispute that these walls have seen the worshipof Baal; that here incense has been consumed in his honor; that his have looked on dry eyed at the sacrifice of their children, while the screams of the burning victims were deudened with flute and drum. A Long Dog. A lady living on Park avenue, Wal- nut bills, was recently presented with a full blooded imported dachshund. a liv- ing cxemplificalion of the saying. “Man wants but little here below, but he wants that little long.” This dog in particular has all the fine points at a true dachshund. Its length is at least four times its height, and its legs are tumpy and have the conventional crook of a golf stick at the foot. The lady has several other dogs and is quite a fancier of canines. The other evening a gentleman called who had heard a great deal of the celebrated animal. As he entered the darkened parlor a small yellow dog of no particular breed arose from a rug in front of the grate and, unnoticed by the gentleman, slowly walked toward the door. The dog crossed half way over the threshold and stood in such a position that a person in the parlor could just see its hind legs and tail. At that moment the maid lighted the gas, and the dachshund poked its head inquirineg through an- other open door. The gentleman gazed in amazement at the head of the dachs- hund peering at him from one doorway and the hindquartsrs of another dog visible in the other doorway. and then in the hearing of the servant ejaculated “Lord a-mighty! I heard that this dachshund of here was a long one, but this animal certainly beats my time!” -Cincinnati Enquirer. Drawn at Night. The architect and his friend the builder were driving back to the for- mer’s office. They had been out to the edge of the city to look at some work on which they Were engaged. As they drove by a certain house the builder looked up at it proudly, saying: “There isa house that I built myself. Inot only built it. but I drew all the plans. Every bit; of work in it is mine." The architect looked at the house and smiled in a provoking way. The builder not-iced the smile and looked at the house in a new light. “How hard I worked on that!" he aid. “In the daytime'I had to do something else, but every night I would sit up late drawing on those plans. I drew on ’em every night for a mouth. ” The architect looked at the house again and smiled once more, and the builder saw him. Again he turned his eyes toward the product of his brain, twisted his neck to squint at; it after the carriage had passed it. Then he looked at the archi- tect with humility. “It looks as if those plans were drawn at: night. doesn’t it ‘2" he said, and there was pathos in his voice. In proportion to their weight dogs can absorb without danger 16 times as much arsenic as would kill a human being. tween massive hills streaked like the zebra. I The sight ‘ there rise new walls and new columns, . ed confusion. This is the Temple of the i looked unmoved on tilicbirth and death of . may have stood the molten image, the hu- ‘ priests, clothed in rich vostmcnts, have; tarodden these paths; that here mothers. m ' ws IN_~ THE .VERY LATEST FROM ALL THE WORLD OVER. interesting Items About Our Own Country. Great Britain, the United States, and All Parts of the Globe, Condensed and Atssorted for Easy Reading. CANADA. E. F. Hubbell, the Ottawa broker. who absconded in 1897, died in Mexico lrecently. ' 3 Lord Strathcona has given $2,000 to "the new Normal training school at Hamilton. The C. P. R., Imperial Limited be- tween Montreal and Vancouver. will ;run again in June... During the past year $23,800 has been collected in fines for violation of the law in Dawson city. , The capital stock ofthe Montreal :Rclling Mills Company, has been in~ ,creased to 3750,0000 from $500,0000. i The American Tobacco 00., the big ltrust, {IF-CI after the Tuckett’. Co.’s fac- tory in Hamilton. They will not get it. A survey is being made preliminary ,to the work of constructing the elec- [tric street railway line between Wood- I stock and Ingersoll. l The authorities» of Laval University have transmitted'to the Council of illontreal the account of the damages ‘cccasioned during the recent disturb- ances. They ask. for $170.73. GREAT. BRITAIN. The British steamer Meinnon, at 'Bristol .»-fi'om Portland, Me... lost 175 ‘cattle by heavy seas and terrific gales. ‘ Lord .l.ondonderry succeeds the Duke of Norfolk, as Postmasterâ€"General in England, the latter having betaksn himself to'the war. Large crowds, including the Marquis of Salisbury and-Hon: Joseph Cham- ‘ berlain, attended the Prince of W'ales' levee at St. James’ Palace. The Princess of Leiningen, while Visiting Liverpool last week, with her husband, Col. Atkinson, lost at the 'hotel, jewellery; vauled at about £5,000. 1 , UNITED STATES. The canals of New" York State will probably Openl on April ler. Over 20,000: coal miners are on strike l in. the Pittsburg. Pa., district. ; Six thousand men from the building 1* and other trades in New York are on strike. ' A bill providing for the inspection of tenements is before the United States Senate. ‘ The .le'erris Wheel, one of the won- ders of the Chicago \Vorld’s Fair. is to be sold as old iron. Admiral Deivey, has given his collec- tion of war. relics to the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. ‘Four hundred men are out. from the works of the New Yorlp Air Brake Company, at. _l\‘at,erl.own, NR. Gen. Otis, commander of United States forces in the Philippines, re- turns to the United States in July. Chairman Cut tin-g of the New York .__________ .__ . . __ .____ _. .__.___-_._.n.. - Citizens” Union, declares municipal ownership would quicken the social conscience. . 'I'iiree robbers seized four men at Belleville brewery, Chicago, locked them in a refrigerator" car, and took $50,000 in securities. ' h'tiui‘ hundred members of the Build- ers-’III‘ruders' Union, of Norwich, 001111., will notgo to work until the contract- ors agree to a nine-hour day. James Smith, suffering from small- pox, walked into a Chicago police station. The building has been quar- antined and the police vaccinated. :B. B. Tiwunpson, chief detective of Tacoma, \Vash., and his nephew, A. J. llooher. are charged with robbing a Klondiker, H. G. Torrence of 620,000. A1 New ’York court has just decided that aman need not support his wife ilf s‘hc (persists in having her mother with her against her husband’s wtsh. M. V. Mc-lnnes, Canadian Govern- ment immigration agent, has de- spratched ninety settlers and six car- loads of stock and effects from Michi- gan to Western Canada. ' GENERAL. , { Ten thousand soldiers will be used to keep the Paris Exposition grounds clear. , I McLean, Premier of Victoria favors the annexation, of the South African Republic. ‘ Bullarat will probably invite Lord tRoberts to Australia at the close of the war. An album, containing contributions from crbwned heads, is to be sold in Paris, for charity. I Alarm exists in official circles in Chili regarding the relations between Peru, Bolivia and Chili. The Paris has accepted Russia‘s de- mands for railway concessions in Asia Minor and the Bear is satisfied. Four boys charged with lowering the German flag at a country hotel out of Melbourne, Aus., were acquitted. Pirates captured a British boat near the Chekâ€"H-oung Shari district. The pilot: was murdered and the supcrt-arâ€" go taken prisoner. ' t The president of the ltnlian Chaim bar has resigned because of inability to preserve order. If reâ€"t-lected. Rudi- cals threaten his forcible expulsion. The blacks of the Camerons are causing the Germans trouble. Haugh- ty and brutal treatment: Titan the Germans stationed there if: said to be the trouble. zmch . med-gal A... 3.. \â€"-’\./ Ammmhkhnl- . AAAA- v...‘. ;-~ A.._\ .A. .~.s..‘ W -: .-m4~...:..a..n Max. 3.1 ‘--M‘x -,‘>«. when-..“ . -. w, .-. _. v‘vfww’ E's-ex: v 1.5.1139