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.,..,_. n. ‘Pgfiw~q.zuu\w~fl .l u h I { ne‘er!“ ,a-sâ€"1::;_»;.-5§ 1.153 '_ .’ - I fannyâ€"no. v.2?th ~02. .- .Miéé‘wl-rixg' vw x.â€"A.-u,a‘«, w “'9‘” 5 "¢_’WW"~4’~/'V"J‘JV'W ~r NW v-WWWV '4”. ' w-na~¢~Ar.fiâ€"VN . . ,«."_.,.,_- m». .3,” ,. .-...~‘.a. Care 01‘ Yoimg Ehiltlfg-ll: One of the reasons why so many of our little children are wearing. spectacles is because in infancy they are often so placed in cribs or car- riages that they sleep or awaken With the little lenses in their eyes exposed t.ou_ much to the sunlight. Motlhers should remember not to let the baby awaken with its eyes to a sunlit widow. Tthe retina, the dark- ened c’hamber, behind .L‘ne uppil, re- ceives tlhe light, and this chamber is the most dlelicate piece of mechan- ism, in our anatomy. \Ve realize how older people from the glare. If babies could speak they would rebel at the carelessness of some mothers and nurses.- One of the moist dreaded maladies to the mother is crou'p. It is otgwo kindsâ€"Simple and membranous. The first may oftei‘i‘i he treated by home remedies, the second never. Simple croup is rarely danger-onus, even though the symptoms see'm very alarming. It may come on gradualâ€" l-y wi h a cold in the head, w1th wheez- ing and hoarseness or the child may be awakened in the night by sudden shortness of breath and. violent chok- ing. The child should be propped up with pillows and kept quiet. Avoid scream. The pain is like], to be pro- everything that will excite coughing longed and continuous. Twenty (hops and crying. Keep the room warm. of warm water should be put into lhe Hot clothes or poultices can be ap- ear, and a pmuuce of flaxseed app”. plied to t‘he throat. and either acroup ed-warm, but not too hot, or the hot kettle, which. can be bought at any war” bag may be held against the . _ drug Store, 01‘ an Ordinary ‘93 kettle ear. A good device, recommended by Yet “‘1” the Wight 0f astupend‘ kept boiling in the room. Dr. Hell, is to fill the little finger of ous taslk Louis Botlha n'EIVell‘ faltered The steam from a boiling ted ket_ a kid glove with he, Ea“,- and Insert 0”? “'I’iMd' T°the “m the bitter end He: may be introduced to the crib by t‘lns in the car before the heat ls up- he maintained a bold and confidth “’[acfné‘a sheet over an umbrella phed upon the outside, d’e'mean‘o'mr- Seldom did he betray ir' raised in the crib, and the steam can rimth to the hindering Jealousy of then be introduced beneath the tent. ‘â€"_+__ his Iieutentants or the crass waver- If the Symptwns are urgent ten REGARDING THE ORIGIN OF K135. ing at P'I‘Etoria- 01106â€"011” 0‘1103â€" drops of the syrup of ipecac should ING- did I hear him complain disguisbedly be given every fifteen minutes until Accordimg to Professor Cesare Lam- that he could “at even Shift ‘1 com‘ “90 Vomiting occurs. broso, the distinguished Italian ma'n’do Of 100 from one Dog‘ition to A VETY Simply m‘ilde remedy 1319111011 criminologist, kissing is quite a another Without Smeittin‘S‘ the Pro“ on sugar. This will out the mucus. modern nmctine and originated in a 935115011 t0 the “7111‘ Office- on the This is usually liked by children, and very curious manner, The kiss, as a mwSiom' to Which I refer the author‘ ‘t 13 8353’ to give- Mem bl’aln‘OU-‘J CTOUP' token of affection, was unknown to izatiom did n°t arrive. until lapse 0f 13 Where]? beyond the care 0‘ the "10‘ the old Greeks, and neither in Homer time had nullified the Proposed molve- t'her, as it is really diphtheria 'of the nor in Heriod do we find any mention merit. larynx. Often the most critical opera- of Lt. Hector did not kiss his Andra- ‘Vith an army 3‘ great proportion “035 have to be Perforde to Save macho when he bade her farewell, of which was totally disorganized and me, > mil-her did Paris press his ups to those did not want tO'f'hght, With even “110-11 Cholera infantum, one of the most of the‘ bennteoun Helen, and Ulysses, fighting Spirit as did remain, 0011- fatal diseases among young children, who was more of a cosmopolitan than tinimlly sapped by the disaffection usually begins with diarrhoea, or in? any man of his day, never dreamed of and ccntrariness of jealous generals, digestion. It cemes from overfeed~ kgSSing the enchanting Circe, and with insubordination running riot, ilng, 'heat and. impure air, andJs often when after long wanderings he 1.8,. with his hands tied by the Pretoria aggl-avted by teething, t‘hough'never turned home to his Spouse, Penelope, War Office, how General Botha ever caused by it. be satisfied himself with putting one managed to preserve his equanimity The child loses flesh rapidly, be- of his stalwart arms around herwaist and puissant a cheery face to his disâ€" comes restless, feverish, has intestinal and drawing he], to him_ couraged men I cannot tell. He did pain and excesswe thirst, but no ap- The people of Terra del Fuego’ says mimilgeu SO‘InEihOW- 179”in and the fO'Od does nor ass‘mll' Lombroso have taught civilized naâ€" KEPT HEART AND HEAD. atev Medical flid Should 'be summoned tions the origin of the delightful art Han'ls|§in:g him always, ever march- Furl)” the chfld Shomd be kept 0001 of kissing. Drinking vessels are un- tn-g ruthlessly on the heels of his “‘1 "3,“a‘uy ”‘ '1’.“ 9”" 9”" Com‘ known in that Country! and the Peo- weary rear guard, came the count- New Change or “II-.18 adwsa‘ble‘ 916' When they are thimty Simply “8 less battalions of Lord Roberts' in mi: ,6“)de {Hues ‘ and to“ n3, (town beside brooks and drink the we.- anmy; behind him, at Pretoria,whemce w em" 15 mip'ossnle {m mmhers.to ter “3 “5 flows by them' It ‘5 em" should have come. encouragement: and, go away during the 899mg“ babies dent’ however, that infants “mm “M aid, where only despair, confusion, un- ilrg'OftIer; atta'Cked' b? “11:33.6??sz Siltll’ffy their thirst in this Primitive certainty, vacillation, hope sinking in b“, géin :vfhfeee: ‘1 :95 s“;}ee faslllon, and therefore their mothers the. slougth of despond, treachery lift- I g d . L S, M .U I a .ay' '1 have forfi'ges supphed them w‘th Ym‘ ing its hideous head. Yet, thmugh :3;in mgmng M w‘ mm we“ “3“ by “hug the” .own mums first 1111’ and im Spite!“ all’ BOtha mtained lerissltds (28:31 always confined to tlien - lettmg It pass through his good heart, and what was better . ' . _ , I their lips into the expectant mouths stilt his head- 5221f”? b5§,giism§:f...7?§"§3&“mi if theirklitt‘ehwfis' ,f“ 51m“: plum . During weeks the man's phy' in the head, sneezing, lioarseness,s0r9 SEE??? 31:: tw:te:o:a:::t( £52532: sacal exertions were marvellous. When throat, cough and some mver’ The ed in the usual manner and the he “Stem when he élepti When he average period of incubation is about mothers in such places ’dmw it up “‘5’ “‘0 man save h‘mse‘f can tell“ eight days. On the fourth or fifth through long mag after day his “"35 the saddle, day the eruption of pimples comes out Birdg feed their young. ones in “dung . akmg. it'he‘ firmg line' or in dark' stoma-“WM crescent 'shaped similai‘ manner They first fill their St'ruggll‘ng vamly to (“bleak the PM" patches, first on the face, neck, arms, own mouths with water and ,th Sigte'nt' sullen retreat Of the hope‘ and later on the trunk and legs. This transfer it to the wide opon moguls 1635’ hungry burghe‘rsi night after usually lasts from two to five days, of the mm, ones This “31:3, .mcient night his SPOCiaI train sped bay]! to Then diarrhoea is apt to set in. The maternal gractée is according to Pretoria, carryiner him to a midnight child should be carefully guarded from Lambmso the on], s’oume to which oonfouence with the aged President, draughts. The utmost care should be the mode;n practice of kissing can 5mm “'th hands the “ins Of 0011- observed during convalescence, as be traced The custom'of pressing “01 were fast Slipping Ibronchius’ p‘neumonm’ gastric How one mouth to another originated with It was at “Why 5* mnfe’mnc‘" that b198, Bore 0385 and 981‘s are apt" to the women in Terra del Fuego who Baum once and for an “mi? put a fouow this disease' All readmg mflt' could onlyr stippr their infants, with quifitus on the proDaSition to dwtmy t" Shoum {be kept from a Child un' drink in this m'inner and it is pre- J‘oh'amnelsbuug. by threatening, if that til after the system has regained its sumable that they lea’rned the lesson plan was not instantly abandoned. to tone, and some mothers have used the from the birds. Finally we are told lay his resignation on the President's homely but useful green shade at that kissing'is an evidenc'e of atavism table. His was, at that hour. the times when the eyes were unusually and a memorial of that early Stage one cool head; his the one strong weak. in our development "during. which basil Batlhia left the BOW army, it The Wind colic of infants seldom re~ the wife.th not yet triumphed over d t 1.1; quires medical if‘eatment' It 1“? u§u_ the mother nor love over maternity._" \vmcn. halv;;v.i.poln ed 1- e smoke. ally due to unsuitable f00d,tor, in [file Lombmso.s views on this subject renelra has personal appear- case of a, nursing baby, to he con 1- meet with the .geneml approval of. anceis most striking. A magnificent tion of the.mothe=r. Do not give the scientists, though there are some physique is topped by a countenance child soothing syrups, but see that who point Qut that his explanation of Singular openness and charm. its feet are warm. .Let him lie on a hot of the origin of kissing is not in accor- Never have I encountered a more water bag on his stomach. If the dance with the one handed down to us wunnlnlg personality, a quality which colic continues,a half cup'ful of warm by the old Romans. These latter gmeatly enhanced 1118- influence withéwatev containing ten drops of turâ€" maintained that the kiss was invented the independent: spirit w-ho com-Ipentlne is good. Rulb the abdomen by husbands, who dashed to ascertain posed the Boer commandoes. gently. Half a. soda mint tablet . . .. . . . , V . -. I in this way whether during their ab- When the wait is over Botha muzmay be given 111] a tabl‘espxoonful of sence from home their wives had been be a power for reconciliation. very warm water, or two or three drinking their wine or not. By nature the man is gentle as drops of gin in hot water. a child, which seeing so often true of The cry from colic is usually a "W‘â€" men of‘ unusual courage; altogether, strong, hard cry. With this there is EASIER!- a model husband and father, edu-drawing up of the feet, contraction Don’t youvthink every maphmagter cated, refined, a devout but not of the muscles of the face and other of his own destiny?_ ' bigoted Christian, a man who would Signs Of POIVD- It 1'5 we” to be prompt Oh, I don‘tlknow; he gets out ofa lot be hollowed and respected in any in treating We 011516- of blame by letting somebody else boss community in the world. Willa-oping cough begins like an thin“. .« ' , ' [ bert, Both-a 'was for peace at any reasonable sacrifice, but when he be- â€"-'- came convinced that the independence of his country ."as threatened he donned rifle and bandolier and hur- ried to the border. The command of the 'Vryheid burgh- ears' was given to Lucas Meyer by vir- tue of his seniority and military ex- perience. Botha was nominated as- sistant-genleim-l, a sort of makeshift ralnlk hastily created for the purposes of the war. The young commanderâ€"1‘ he is only .tlhirtyasixâ€"soon demon- strated his ability. ordinary cold. the peou-Ilrar whoop not being heard until after the first ten days. It lasts from one to three months. In fine. weather the child should be kept out of_doors, should have a light, unstimulating diet, and special care should be taken to avoid constipation. Ill all diseases of the lungs or air passages the child should be kept quiet, in an even temperature with pure air. The, head should be well elevated, as ohildr-em- swallow and vomit thle sputa in great quanti- ties. Measles and whooping cough are very contagious, more so than diphtheria and scarlet fever, and. whooping cough can undoubtedly be contracted in the open aar. Chicken pox commences with slight fever. After twenty-four hours an eruption of reddish pimples-appears, generally thickest on the back. Ina day or two these become blisters, and within a week disappear. Little medi- cation is called for. lA warm bath is good, and of course the child should be isc 'zlted, and should be wzitched lest it scar the face by scratchulg th: erup- tion. If necessary put cotton mit- tens on the little hands and tie them loosely to keep them from the face. Earache, so often ‘common with lit- the children, is a severe pain and is usually accompanied, with a sharp raAiTs or CHARACTER or THE TWO BOER LEADERS. Pm Pictures In a London (‘nrrcsponden' Will: ibc liner Army â€" Both Boer leaders Great .‘lell. Students of the art militant who go to the trouble to delve into the pet- ty intricacies, the inst and outs of the war, will, 1 think, says a special cor- respondent of the London Daily Mail, discover a mounted infantry leader of rare ability in General Christian] De \Vet. Lilke Botha, he was compara- bively unlknown when hostilities com~ minced, and affords another illustra- tion of the adage {that every war pro- duces its own ge/neu‘als. Qf fmedium height, square build, his figure gives ain-impression of strength and endurance, while the strong lines oflhis face and keen; blue eyes at once maner the man as clever and alert. Iln appearance he more nearly approxi- mates the typical Boer of the vcldt tlhan do amajority of the Boer gen- einals. His dress is careless but clean- ly enough, and his beard runs wild. A’pt to appear somewhat stern at times, his manner is frank and free and at once confidentiali relations are established. DE WET A STRATEGIST. De Wet is a consummate strategist. He is, in my iopinio-n, infinitely clever- or than the average British cavalry officer, against whom he is pitted. He should have been taken, with all his heavy artillery, at Kimberley. But he wasn’t. He pulled all his own chest-'- n'uts out of the fire, grabbed a big convoy, he likes convoys, as well, and opened ahole through which Cronje might have crawled had that unforâ€" tunate general been less pig-headed. He should by all the rules of club windowI war critics, have been nabbed "lock, stock, and barrel” at \Vepener. Not he. He effected a safe retreat around the British right: wing, and a junction with Botha, and lived to harass Loud Roberts’ line of communio cations: They thought they had him at Li-nldley. Instead, he had them, ll anticipate the English! generals will have a merry chase before they round up the Free State leader. I do not know when I ever felt so sorry for a man. as I did for General De \Vet at Tlhlaba KOlP. He th‘ad resolved to heat back a British force which? was hovering on his. flank and embalrrassing his retreat; “and so disposed his commandoes on at number of kopjesr The position was clemeu‘elly chosen, and an engagement would certainly have resulted in a severe check to the British had it come about. By the time Ladysmith) was invest- eld his name waist already more on the tongues of the burghlelrs than even Joubert's, and his defence of the Tugela raised him to first place in the hearts of the fighting rank and file. Thus, when Jo-ube-rt died, the old cvhief's mantle fell naturally and properly upon Louis Botha. Perversity of fate, which had de- nied Bo‘tha the powetr to act and di~ rect when his energy and talents might have, I believe, accomplished wonders, norw crowned him with au- thority and responsibility at an hour -w1he.n it was impossible to stem the tide of adversity. Even his supposed authority as Commandant-General was, at least for a time, only nominal.- The real direction of military affains was retained by President Kruger, or by him delegated to an incompetent and vacillatinlg war department in Pretoria. . BOTHA'S STUPENDOUS TASK. ’An incident, one of the most singu- lair in war, turned the affair into a. farce. The British forcekappare-ntlyl numbering several thousand men. de- pvloyeld, and advanced with the.‘ evident purpose of taking the Boer positions by assault. This was precisely what General De \Vet wanted. He had preâ€" palred a neat little trap. The Brit- 11911. were yet fully 1,509 yards away, and the Boers were only sniping mild- ly to draw them on, when suddenly two English field batteries opened, and shrapnel began to scatter leaden "stuffing" over the ‘kopje‘s. \Vithlout waa‘lntinlg, witih‘o-ut orders, without: any tangible masons that one can lay hold of, the, Boers deserted their posi- tions and began a precipitate flight. In five minutes it was a stampede, which carried De \Vet's entire force, artillery, laagers and all, back for miles. This belongs to the INEXPLICABLE THINGS OF \VAR. \Vhen climbed down from my position on a kopje and rode back he the Hoofd Laalger, to learn what had caused the retreat of the Boers, 'I found only General De \Vet and, about fifty bu-rghers. Tears of rage and mmtification dimmed the gen- elral’s eyes and trickled down his beard. and his utterance was thick- ened by emotion. Seeing me dismount and solute, he addressed me in Dutch, fomgettilng that I could, not under- stand him. Remembering this, he cnfllerll anal interpreter, for he speaks English 'pootrly. "I hope you will not mention in your reports the way my burghers behaved to-day, he said. "I cannot understand their action. unless. the devil possessed them." When the war began Louis Botha wns‘unknown to fame. Undeir Lucas Meyer he had served with credit in a campaign or two against the Kaf- firrs, where he distinguished; himself enough to secure a seat in the Volks- raad. In: that body he kept modest-1y in the background, as befitted his youth, but quickly became recognized on a man of sense and caution, and gained a position among the leaders of the Progressive party. Like Jou- ___w_~.â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"L‘â€"___ PROPER BREHIHING m Sill Birealthi'ng is an exercise in itself Singers shouid not purposely study thq anatomical conditions of the throat and lungs; it is with the emotional not the anatomical side of ‘tie art that the singer has to do. Fe" inn praca ,tical purpose of singing. .; titan-:viedge of the muscles of the throlt as usa- less as a knowledge of tile. muscles 01 the arm is for the playi".g of cricket. Cases are not infrequent where these anatomical studies have a tendency to set up as-wrt of nervous dread in the singer that the breathing is not being done the correct way. Incor- rect breathing is an acquired habit, induced sometimes by an elaborate means taken to avoid it. A few sim‘ ple hints are all that are necessary; the rest of what is called the art of breathing is very much a matter of instinct. Avoid breathing through the mouth; whenever possible inhale through the nostrils. This allows the nose to pur- ify and warm the air before reaching the throat, which needs to be warm in 'order for the production of good tone. It is frequently remarked that such and such an artist’s voice im- proved later in the evening, which means that the singer’s throat became walrm-ed as ‘the concert or opera pro- ceeded, and not that the voice imp-rov- ed, though the tone may have done so. Brcalthiug constantly through the mouth inclines to dry the throat and make the voice husky. But it is im- possible to sing declamatory music without breathing through the mouth it is even necessary, for effect, that the breathing should at times be audi- ble; and in long lHandelian pas- sages, and florid music of that des- cription, what are called half-breaths through the mouth are allowed; oth- elrwise the singer could not inhall breath and keep in strict time. Never heave up the shoulders in the act of taking breath; there should be no perceptible movement of the body at all. Never :take in breath of a sudden when only practicing; al- though the singing of certain pas- sages oblliges the performer to do so. The ribs should expand sideways in the taking of breathâ€"«the chest rising and falling with each phrase. False breathingâ€"such as when a lady’s shoulders rise as if they were about to expand like wingsâ€"not only tires the throat, but makes a disagreeable impression on the audience. Singer! should once a. day practice before a lookingglass, in order to correct any fa'ul-ts arising from defective breath- ing or from grimalcei. Breath must never be taken between a head note and a chest note; the transition from ,the one voice to the other must be done with very little breath and very softly. Nasal singing destroys the carrying power of the voice. Voices which are metallic in sound carry best. Singers whose voices are naturally soft in quality should therefore try to ac- quire a little stridency in tone; and, vice versa, singers whose voices are too strident should aim at a rounder and softer quvallity. In some halls the reverberation bllurs the tone of the voice, therefore the singer must ac- commodate the amount of tone to the acoustic properties of the place where he is singing. In a. 'warm, oppres- sive room, it is necessary to reserve the power of the voice, because ford- i-ng the h voice under such circum: stances allows it to become easily fa- tigued and used up. The bestâ€"way of combating an echo in a hall is'neveir to shout. It appears easy to sing in a hall full of vibration. but this is a deception. The tone goes all around the singer’s ears, and he cannot hear properly when he sings aloud, and so he loses control of the tone; it is therefore advisable to sing piano and feel the way, as the quieter tone tra- vels better and the percussion is not so great as in a loud, shouting tone. Increase and decrease of tone are produced by the breath alone. A man in a raging passion will swell the in the face in attempting to give ut- terance to his anger; but he is, in- deed-lax the phrase goes. "choking himself with rage,” because he is try- ing to get a terrific volume of voice by physical pressure on the throat, and the more he swells his veins and muscles the less able is he to speak at all. Singers, therefore, should not attempt to get a crescendo by pressing the muscles -of the throat. Command of breath is the only me. thud. â€"â€" «finâ€"m:â€" SHE WASi Glamâ€"What a pretty bonnet yet have on! , Ireneâ€"Yes, but I’m over my ears in debt for it; ’ ' muscles of the throat and grow red ' ‘aastmw-vâ€"f '7'": “1*- n, wmnv: V... «_w--(z‘z_x;.w _ .M- Aâ€" ...r.._.: -â€" nix-“v JW‘U v ‘- , Viv“. ‘. V. f‘