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.. 0...... Abrams-“marw “-m... . .. i . l . .. c. -. .. ,&‘v.t~f. :»a.wmrâ€"MW- f'iuJ-Sum‘w-‘s m..- .. . _ . !'e x . ~~n PAPER-FUUGHT niacin LEARNING LESSONS IN THE ART OF WARFARE. How German and French Officers ‘ Have Studied the South African War. No War has ever before been fol- lowed with such careful attention abroad as the present war. Every big battle in South Africa has been fonght over and over again on paper in hundreds of military clubs and institutes at home and on the Con- tinent ; and so deep has been ,the in- terest in even the smaller engage- ments that thousands of pounds have in some cases been spent to make these battles on paper as ac- curate and as teaching as possible. says Pearson’s ll’cefkly. Strange to say, however, our own military men at home have not gone so far in this matter as have German and French officers. In some Berlin military clubs, and in most of the military academics in Germany, large rooms have been set aside for the purpose of fighting the South African war. These rooms are furnished with large tables, on which are stretched detailed and large scale maps of different portions of South Africa in which important fights have taken place. So far as possible these maps are kept up to date by map-makers, who are specially employed to inaiflc on the maps every drift, don‘ga, and kopje, which are mentioned by newspaper correspomlcnts, or in official dos-patches from the seat of .war, and which were not originally recorded on the maps. surin en'tails an infinitutle of trouble. On more than one occasion German military authorities have cabled out to South Africa merely to discover some drift or don‘ga mentioned in~ official despatches, but insufficiently located, so that the battles fought upon the maps should not be lost. or won under ANY MISAI’PREHENSION. ' The manner in which the battles are fought over these maps is gen- erally as follows All procurablc details and particulars of an en- gagement having been obtained and thoroughly digested. and it having been agreed by those present who are to lead the British and Boer forces respectively,‘ each leader is given a number of small pieces of wood of different chlors which ,reâ€" present the forces. These pieces of wood are so made that they dove- tail, each separate piece counting as a hundred men, thus being capable of joining on to other pieces so that the divisions of the armies may be accurately represented, and broken up 01' concentrated when necessarv dur’vg the progress of the light. 1n~ fantry is represented by red wood, mounted men by blue, and artillery green or yellow. In this way itis made possible for the onlookers to .see at a glance the exact disposition of the forces, their strength in num- bers, mounted men, and guns. The gentlemen commanding two forces first arrange their men in a manner as exactly like the manner in which the actual forces were arranged for the actual battle to be represented as possible. This done, the battle is fought on the line laid down by the most reliable newspaper descriptions of the fight, and oflicial despatches. After this the same battle is fought again, but this time in the manner the war- players believe would have been more successful or less disastrous THAN THE ACTUAL WAY. It all sounds a trifle childish, but it is really very far from being so, teaching lessons in war such as noâ€" thing but war itself could teach better. From the first battle it is seen, as the mockâ€"fight proceeds, where the weak points on both sides occurred, how they could best have been strengthened, and what the adâ€" vantages which should have been used by either side. And in the sec- ond fight the leaders test their own ;"-‘:uci'alsl1ip, see where are true or unreliable, in fact, have a bird's-eye view of a battlefield, the which is what every general in a: real battle longsto have. In all cases the manner in which‘ these battles on paper are fought is much the same in essential particuâ€" lars, though no two cases are ex~ actly alike. In some cases the forces are represented by slips of card- board. on which are written the number of men each slip represents ; in other cases tion of the forces is merely marked on the maps of the scene of action, and the fight conducted by word of mouth. The latter, which is flag- rantly unreliable, is mostly favored in London military clubs. in every case the most trivial bit of intelligence bearing upon the battles. how the forces moved, the difficulties they had to encounter, and the way in which they overcame them is sought for, noted and reâ€" membered. for the peculiarities of tie land have done as much to shape. the course of the war, have the British or Boer generals. As a German military oflicer l‘Olllnl‘ii-‘ ed to an Englishman shortly the battle of Colenso "You are not fighting the Boers ; you are fighting the extraordinary topographical eccentricities of South Africa.” after ._......_+__._.__. Ile. (after having slipped the enâ€" gagement ring on her linger): "And are you pleased with it, darling?" She: "Delighted;George. It is so different from anything of the sort I‘ve ever had before.” This neces- l the exact position of: their tactics , the precise disposi-. l tistical TOBACCO TRADITIONS. 6 Value of Smoking in Epi- demic Disease. The belief that tobacco smoke is a disinfectant has long been popularly iheld, says the London Lancet; As llong ago as 1888 Dr. Paul Tas- isinari, of Pisa, subjected the germs ‘of various deadly diseases (such as anthrax, cholera, and typhus fever) to the action of dense clouds of imprisoned tobacco smoke during periods of 100 and 150 hours, and he came to the conclusion that in most cases, ,and especially when large cigars had been employed as generators, the development of pa- }thogenic bacteria was either par- itially or wholly arrested. But noâ€" lbody retains smoke in his mouth for 100 hours at a time ! An occas10n~ :al pipe, indeed, scarcely counts In comparison with Dr. Tassf‘nari’s inâ€" , tense soaking process. Besides unâ€" |der the conditions imposed by the ‘ltalian investigator, would not the smoke of coal or wood produce the lsame results as that of the cigar '? I It is recorded that during the Great Plague children were told to smoke in their sclmoerUms. The idea was probably borrowed from I the custom of the buriers of the dead 'cu their way, in charge of dead- :(:arts, to I-Iolyvvell Mount. We read gin “A Brief Abstract of the Vir- tues of the American Tobacco Plant” published in 1783, that at first gthcse persons only used tobacco as Ia. i‘codorirer, “little thinking that lwliat they used for momentary relief lwould prove a Constant preventive. ‘When the plague was happily stay- ied, the virtues of tobacco began to Ihe investigated ; it was found that those persons who plentifully used it, either in smoking or snufling, had most wonderfully escaped the dire ,contagion ; for though they visited :the chambers of the sick, attended the funerals of cartloads at a time, ,tliey unexpectedly avoided the iii- fection.” The writer even goes so 'far as to adlvance the theory that ‘since Europe took to smoking, epi- demics had gieatly decreased and we find him stating the belief that {dealers in tobacco were secure from jplague infection. Yet he can assign ino reason why tobacco should prove lso valuable as a disinfectant except gin so far as it fortifies the head lagainst “cxhalations.” l l Workmen in tobacco factories are often cited as being immune from cholera and other epidemics. ‘It is interesting to trace this belief back. Abroad it probably received its‘first impetus in Toulouse, where shortly before the Revolution the workmen l :in the State tobacco factory are _said to have remained immune dur~ ‘ling a deadly epidemic of suettc ;(sweacing sickness). The belief may iperhaps, be of the nature of folk- llore. The. medical man attached to lthe Bordeaux State factory thought ithat this local industry was: a veritâ€" gablc. blessing to a damp and foggy ; town. i‘cal emanations arising from the toâ€" ‘bacco.qualify the air and diminish its insalubrity. Before the establishâ€" imeut of this factory the poorer parts 1of Bordeaux had been ravaged by lepidemics and contagions now unâ€" gknown.‘ ’l‘he deathratc among the gtohacco, workmen is, he adds, 'veryi 110w, while very few cases of illness goccur among them, although they gare in general illâ€"lodged and clothed land even worse fed.” 3‘ “e have no new facts to add in :evit’er.ce of the value of tobacco lsmo‘king in epidemic disease. As lyet, at any rate. flu-re is nothing 5authoritative to be said. 1N DOUBT. “O_h, Jack. have you Sccn father?” “Yes; I have come straight here from his oilice." ' “And did he give his consent ‘2” i â€"â€"â€"~+A'â€"â€"â€"â€".â€" l . l "I couldn’t quite make out. He ‘seemed disinclinedto commit himself ,dcfinif‘ely.” l “Why, what did he say ?” “lie didn’t. say anything at ‘ “Did you ask him ‘P” ‘ “I said, I wish to marry your daughter. Have 1 your consent ?' ” |And he turned and looked at me for ‘a minute. Then he began to grow rod in the face. and then he grabbed Emu and throw me over the banisters. land before I could ask him again he had slammed his door and locked it; font he didn’t say anything either 1way." ' + .‘M A l‘tltlIA G E IN LAPLA N I). _ It used to be death in Lapland to ‘marry a maid without. the consent of 1her parents or guardians. That heâ€" ;iug obtained, it was customary for :the young couple to run a race in iwhich the girl was allowed a start of goneâ€"third of the whole distance. By jfliis means she Could easily outstrip gthe would-be bridegroom, and if she idid so he knew he was rejected. If Ithe damsel approved of her suitor, Ishe would run fast at first to test l ,the truth of his love, and then vol- ;untarily half. before the race was as i over. I _'_._.,.____ CAMERAS AS CLERKS. The camera promises to be as in- typewriter. It is now being used in the reproduction of documents, sta~ tables, and other papers whose duplication by hand would be laborious and expensive. brief period the camera reproduces these things with correctness and with much labor saved. This is one of the directions in which photogra< phy has great value. In a very “The piquant and ammonia- all.” dispensable in business affairs as theJluxuxv"’ asked a teacher of a class um DAYS TO cum NEW ATLANTIC LINER T0 | BREAK THE RECORD. _.-nâ€" London Engineer Has Designed a. Vessel on Lines of New Discovery. Mr. H. E. J. Camps, of the Lonâ€" don firm of Camps and Piercy, conâ€" sulting engineers and naval archiâ€" tects, has designed an Atlantic liner capable of beating the Transâ€"Atlan- tic record by almost two days. _ During the last few years the suc- cess of a few of the English types of Water tube boilers has become assured, and, owing to the vast lstrides made in the design and con- struction of steam turbines. this form of engine is now well within the range of p 'acticability. Mr. Camps has taken advantage of this great advance and the steam- er which he has designed he proposes working with turbine engines sup- l plied with steam by water tube boilers. * . By using oil as fuel he will save weight and space. on will be carâ€" ried' in the double-bottom of the ship underneath the boilers. “The speed of my vessel,” says Mr. Camps, “will not be less than thirty knots an hour, more than six knots faster than the swiftest liner afloat. This is got without sacrifice of strength or stability. "This speed will shorten the At- lantic passage by at least a full day, the record being about five and a half days, while my steamer will do it easily in four and a half. By taking the proposeo route of the Canadian fast Atlantic service the greater part of another day can be knocked off. enabling a busy man to ‘get from capital to capital in less than four days. IlVIMFNSE ENGINE POWER. “My steamer is over 700 feet long -â€"about the some length as the Oceanic. To drive her at the stated [speed the huge installation of 80,- 1000 horse-power has been decided upon. This is more than double the horseâ€"power in any existing or proâ€" posed Atlantic greyhound. That ‘of the Oceanic is 28,000, and that of the .lleutschland, the. Hamburgâ€"Am- erican crack, 35,600. “In spite of this 1 am able to save more than 50 per cent. in the weight of machinery and boilers over the ordinary type of liners. "The boat will be not only the fastest vessel afloat, but the neat- est. "The present would be the best opportunity for the Canadian Govâ€", ernmcut to step in with its fast line, so long suggested. 1 am willâ€" ing to place my services at the disâ€" posal of Canada and to give the Dominion Government the benefit of my ideas. "This would enable them to check- mate the operations of any hostile trust, and to annex the passenger the North Atlantic by feeding the United States through Canadian ports, the reduction in the time occupied for the journey being } traffic 0-5. 1 the sure to prove irresistible to. great majority of passengers." Mr. Camps is a levelâ€"headed, exâ€" {perienced man. He had his early training with the great firm of Harâ€" land and Wolff. For several years he was with Palmers. of Jarrow, and he has also had experience in lnortheast coast yards. He occupied in. high position in the firm of Sir ,R'aylton Dixon and Company. 3..â€" TO STOP LETTER STEAl‘JNG. The ' French postofllce estimates that no fewer than 93,000 letters were stolen last year from pillar boxes. Experiments are being made }by fitting some of the boxes with .stcel teeth, which prevent the cxtrac~ tion of letters. in fhc hop.n of gua'd- King against. these thefts in the f1:- ' ture. ‘ *.â€"â€"--â€"--Q A USTRALTA’S CHURCHES. Australia has. proportionately, more churches than any other counâ€" ftry. the number being 6,013, or 21.0 churches to every 100,000 people. ‘England has 1-‘14- churches to every 100,000; Russia only fiftyâ€"five. to the same number. ’_. 3 e n A sheep cats 4 cwt. of grass in a ‘ycar, a cow (SO cwt. The biggest price ever paid in Engâ€" land for a cow Was £1,200 for “()uida ." in 1880. llc: “But don’t you think you are eomcwhat extravagant.” His Dangliâ€" ter: "Now, papa, don't be unrea- sonable! You know I never ask you for money except when I haven’t any!” Nubbins (shouting across the garâ€" den fence to his next door neighbor): “Hi, there! What are you burying in that hole?” Neighbor: “Oh, I’m just reâ€"planting some of my gar- den seeds.” Nubbins: “Garden seeds, eh! Looks to me very much like one of my hens.” Neighbori “That’s all right. The seeds are inâ€" side her.” “What is meant by the lap of of little girls. 1) "Please, ma’am, I know, exclaimed the smallest of the lot, holding up her hand. “Well, what is it, dear?” inquired the teachâ€" er kindly. “It’s when the cat steals into the larder and off the milkfi responded the little one. And the teacher, on reflection, wasn't quite sure that her pupil was wrong. laps the cream r ROYAL PATIENTS. â€".â€"â€" King Edward Is Said to be'. a. Very Bad One. Although the King is, as a rule,‘a : fairly good patient, yet there have been times when His Majesty has kicked against the restraints placed upon him when confined to the sick room. Being so much used to out- door exercise and to rushing about hither and thither, King Edward often gets very inpatient when comâ€" pelled to keep indoors, and has fre- quently been heard to say, after beâ€" ing cooped up two or three days, that he "Wouldn't stay in any long- er for an the doctors in the world.” The great physician, Sir Thomas Barlow, who has recently been made a baronet, has, perhaps, a greater hold over His Majesty than any other person living, says London Tit-Bits. "Really, doctor,” once said King 1 Edward (then the Prince of ’Wales) to Sir Thomas, who had been lec- turing him pretty freely upon his utter indifference as regards his health, "you treat me as if I were a child.” And then, laughingly, “Please remember, doctor, that as a Prince I really ought to claim a few privileges.” “Sir,” gravely and de- terminedly answered the great spe- cialist, “when I have the honor of meeting you in a. drawing-room or a ballâ€"room, I always treat you as a Prince. When I meet you in a sick room I always treat you as a patient." _ His Majesty, never very fond of letterâ€"writing at any time, generally reserves penning his private epistles till he is confined to his room through sickness. TI-IE' GERZMAN EMPEROR once'had a letter from His Majesty, as Prince of Wales, which coni- menced as follows : " . . . I have a wretched cold, and have been in- doors two or three days. I am miserable and in a frightful temper, so will write to you." The last time the Kaiser was in England he showed this letter to King Edward, who laughed very heartily at his unconscious rudeness. The Princess of Wales always do- clares that her husband, the Prince, is “the most impatient patient in the world.” His Royal Highness is a very bad hand at taking medicine, and often laughineg declares that he has saved his life over and over again through ing his physio. The German Emperor is by nature somewhat excitable and impetuous, so no wonder His Majesty frets and fumes somewhat when compelled to keep to his room through illness and when he has to cancel his many public and private engagements. “Your Majesty must not dream of leaving your room for two or three days yet," said a celebrated Berlin pz-hysician a few years ago to the Kaiser, who was really seriously indisposed. “Your Majesty talks about your engagements. Sir, you must put off your engagements.” ' “But do you know, sir,” almost shrieked the Emperorâ€"“do you know, sir, that I am already four dinners, thrce bazaars, two reviews, and a marriage behindhand, and yet you say put, off my engagements ? An Emperor, doctor, has no time to be ill. When he is in a bad way, so is his country l” accidentally mislay- BRANDON JACKET. This stylish blouse jacket is made of smooth finished cloth, and has a white collar embroidered with a de- sign in a deeper shade of blue or green or appliqued medallions will do as Well. The jacket blouses slightly around the waist and is confined in a belt of white cloth. The} chemisette effect, which is very dressy indeed, is made of cream-colâ€" ored silk laid in quarter-inch fucks. Crease along the lines of perforations and inch. Quantities of Material Required: 32 and 34 bust measure will require one and oneâ€"half yards of goods fifty inches wide, oneâ€"half of plain or tucked silk for chemise‘tte. and three-fourths of a. yard of white cloth. ' 40 bust measure will require two yards of goods fifty inches wide, one- half yard tucked silk, and one yard of white cloth'fm'fyâ€"four inches wide. + Londoir contains omLfourth of all English people who live in towns. stitch back oneâ€"quarter of an . ‘ Fâ€"u ' Wm“ M IN; MERRY 0L1] ENGLAND NEWS BY MAIL ABCÂ¥T JOHN. BULL AND HIS PEOPLE. Occurrences. in the Land Reigns Supreme in the Com- * mercial World. It is proposed to form a kilted volunteer corps of Manchpster Scots.- The smallpox epidemic has cost London £1,000,000. The weekly mail army in South letters. Mails were first sent by railway in to the British Africa is 204,000 1830 lJet’ween Liverpool and Man- chester. It is said that dark people are multiplying and the fair dwindling in number in Britain. The Duke of Northumbcrland has given £15,000 for the purpose of building new schools in Alnwick. It is proposed to establish a. ser- vice of motor cars between Northiam Rye and Hastings for the carriage of farm produce and, general mer- chandise. "Love letters, business letters, poetry, songs, etc., written to order by literary gentleman," states a no- tice posted in a shop window at Cardiff. The rector of ' Birmingham‘ says that the long hours in shops are constantly making more consump- tive patients than all the consump- tive hospitals could e\er cure. During the past week seven vessels landed at Liverpool from American and Canadian ports 2-,.971 cattle, 2,800 sheep, 21,851 sheep carcasses, and 4,084 quarters of- beef. At Boyton, Suffolk, a mooring rope of the bange Eustace suddenly rebounded and striking the mate under the chin‘dislocated his neck, killing him instantaneously. Mr. William Rathbone, the Liverâ€" pool philanthropist, who died last week, expressed a wish that none of his friends would ‘attend his funeral at any risk to their health. Mrs. Caroline Wheeler, who died recently at South Wimbledon, was one of the guests at the banquet given in honor of Queen Victoria by the Lord Mayor of London in 1837., The 'South African Constabulary, more widely known as “Il.-P.’s Po- lice,” now stands 8,000 strong, and each month drafts varying from 150 to 200 men are leaving for South Africa. Ulverston has a “Two Glasses-a- Night Club,” with a membership of about 200, all of whom are pledged not to drink more than a couple of glasses of beer during any evening. Lord Greenock', who has just cele- brated his fortyâ€"seventh birthday, was formerly in the Scots Guards, and is a tall, handsome man, with artistic gifts, which he displays in landscapes. It is rumored that at the coming coronation the King’s not unnatural desire to shorten the inordinately long Ceremony will be met by the omission of the Litany and ante- communion service. At Fulham pennyâ€"in-theâ€"slot gas meters are being rifled of their mo- ney contents by a small gang of thieves, who obtain admission to private houses by representing themâ€" selves as sanitary inspectors. It is proposed to extend the base- ment galleries under the large courtâ€" yard at the British Museum, and to transform the two large wings now used for residential and oflicial pur- poses into exhibition galleries. The honSe in which William and Mary Howitt lived in Nottingham is shortly to be pulled down to make. room for improvements. So is the house in which the body of Byron. was deposited on its arrival from Greece on July 15th, 1182-1. Several instances have been cited of the uses to which the old horse tramâ€"cars are converted. The latest, and one of the best, is seen in the sawing in twain crosswise of a car and the production of two house porches. This idea is from Liver- pool. Simpson’s,"’a famous eafing place at London, that has been in exist- ence since 1828, is doomed to exâ€" tinction. For years it has been the resort of literary and musical celâ€" ebritics who enjoyed the oldâ€"fashion- ed English dinner served in quaint style. 'Jermuda’s new floating dock has been completed. and it is to he test- ed in the lll'edway before being towâ€" ed across the Atlantic. it is 545 feet long and 100 feet broad and can receive the largest. and dcepest draught battleship in the British navy. The Fruit Trade News has taken an arithmetical turn. and has figured out that if oneâ€"fourth of the entire population of the United Kingdom wear a. rose each every day for a. week at coronation time, (50,000,000 blooms will have to be provided by rose growers. An enterprising American lady has taken premises in London where boots and shots are nicely cleaned and polished. The originator of the idea has a regular staff on the pre- mises. and a neat little conveyance will collect the boots and shoes at people's houses and relurn them carefully in the highest possible state of polish. 4......” “We realize some difficulty in findâ€" ing appropriate names for our ships,” said the lumghty captain; “they all have to end in ‘ic.’ you know.” “Wouldn’t Seasic be a suit- able name ' for a. ship?" suggested Colonel Mooney. Thai 1 V. 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