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meromumucuus ; . 3w ‘ farm 1?; SeaSonable and Profitable ' ‘ Hints for the Busy Tillers :l‘: 32‘. of the Soil. - 3, sf: e l."°‘3l€'"%"w'fi-“K'O'Eir'éif'filémlfi'dfi Il COWS AND FEED. Clinton D. Smith, ,before the Amâ€" erican Holsteinâ€"Friesian Breeders Association, said in part. : . “A'few years ago, at the Michigan Agricultural College, I had the pleaâ€" sure of carrying on an experiment to test this question. The grand perâ€" formance of our three great Ilolâ€" stemsâ€"Rosa Bonheur 5th. Houwtje D and Belle Sarcasticâ€"had attracted the attentidn of the farmers of the State. Their cry was that ‘While you have done wonders with cows, it is all because you had such mar- vellous stock with which to deal.’ The board was easily persuaded to grant my petition and allow me to put in a herd of cows, to see what the influence persistent good care and persistent meal a soft fat. the periment and find out at what temâ€" dry milking would be upon yields of these COWS, and incidentâ€" ally upon the form and ca}: acity of the cows themselves. I regret that the experiment was not continued longer, but I want to call your at- tention to some of the results of the feeding for a single year. To meet the farmers on their own ground, I went from station to sta4 tion on the railroad and drove into the country, buying good average cows, mostly grade Shortâ€"Horns, but occasionally one with Holstein blood. The cows arrived at the college between August and Octo- bcr, and ~ - THE FEEDING BEGAN. We gave them a grain ration Well balanced, but composed of such ma- terials as the farmer has upon his except that we supplemented the grain feed with bran, cottonseed meal or linseed meal, according to the dictates of the market. The sur- prising thing to me was that a Holstein grade costing us $85 re- sponded to the feed so well that she gave us 10,310 lbs. of milk containâ€" ing 344.14: lbs. of fat in 44; weeks, an average of almost 8 lbs. of fat a week. In fact, the average yearly yield for the whole herd exceeded 7,000 lbs. of milk and 304: lbs. of butter. Next to the highest yield of milk came a cow with 9,135 lbs, and then five other COWS, each with an amount of over 8,000 lbs. to her credit. Four COWS gave over 300 ~ lbs. of fat, and but 11 cows gave an amount of fat insufficient to produce 800 lbs. of butter. More than one of the cows would have gone into the advanced registry had they been pure bloodsf “The lesson I drew from this exâ€" periment was that a force pulling in the direction of large and economiâ€" cal milkâ€"giving, is persistent dry milking and persistent 'high feeding. The trouble with most of us is that, as the cows get farther along in the period of lactation, we drop off the feed prematurely. We follow the false doctrine that we should'meaâ€" sure the supply of nutrients by the yield of milk, and whenever the cow drops in yield we punish her, and, through her, ourselves, by making a corresponding reduction in‘the food supply. We forget the drafts upon the feed other than for the producâ€" tion of milk, and we forget that these drafts increase as the time for the birth of the next calf apâ€" proaches. Remember, on the other side, the DANGER OF MILK FEVER, and guarding ourselves against it as best we may during the last three weeks prior to the birth of the calf, we Want; to continue a good full ra- tion of roughage and grain well through the entire period of lacta- tion. Were the experiments I have indicated unsupported by similar exâ€" periments elsewhere, I should regard the work at. the Michigan station as one of those peculiar accidents that sometimes happen, but upon which it is unsafe to predict a general rule, but I have found in the public pl‘OSS, as well as in the reports from other stations, parallel results, and I have come to believe that continued good feeding, combined with persistent dry milking, is ' a force that while not of equal weight with heredity, is one not to be despised in establishing this trend of assimilated food to- Ward the udder. As a consequence of the combined efforts of heredity and judicious feeding. we have the formation of the dairy form, the yielding of the outward conformation to the inner forces: The enlargement of the udâ€" der and .the vessels that lead to and from it, combined with the falling away of the parts to which the food of the animal is- no longer directed, results in the establishment of the dairy form. Mark you that heredity is the important factor in this work, and that its supporting force is per- sistent and prolonged good feeding.” BUTTER MAKING. When cream is separated from milk the fat. globules come to the sur- face by gravity or are thrown off by the centrifugal process, writes Prof. G. M. Gowell. When cream is churn- ed, two of them will stick together, then three, then four, and then one dozen, until finally those little globules, only about one-fifth of a. thousandth Of an inch in diameter gradually stick together and become large enough to see. They are very small yet, not large enough to make butter (tom without waste. So "we some 30 grade have an effect on the fat. of seed meal gives us a hard, and cornâ€" keep on churning until more unite, and when those get large enough so, that A- -we can readily-“draw off“? the buttermilk, when they are. about the- size of'number_,8 shot, the work has been carried ' far cnough.,’_’1f we, let them getflargeri than thisi’the'ygwil-l‘ lockup arcertain.‘amount of, milk serum, and that ‘will have. to -j _ be separated again, in vorder'to 2 '-free theni from the buttermilk. To stop the. work when they are just ' the right size depends upon the skill.- of the ' butter maker.' It. is a simple matter when you know how to. do it. We ,do ourWork on this way; _We churn at such a temperature that__We can'fOrm these granules in from 40 to ‘. 60 . minutes. I cannot tell you’ D what. the ‘temperature is! From .I-Iolâ€"j stein ' n1ilk,"'Ayrshire milk and the milk from many individual cows, the butter comes quicker than from Guernsey or Jersey milk, and other milk in which the butter fat is hard. The fat in the milk of the Holstein and some other breeds is soft, while in that of our butt-er breeds it is hard. DIFFERENT FOODS Cottonâ€" The rule is to exâ€" perature it is necessary to churn to have the butter come right and come within from 40 to 60 minutes. Hav- ing determined that, you have the right temperature. Then, do not have the cream too thick. I would not have the cream contain more than 25 per cent. of fat, in order to have it in the best condition for securing granules. If it is thicker there is not liquor enough for the fat globules to float about and have room to form and finish. Thirty-olive per cent. cream is too rich. The lit- tle globules are so close together that in agitating the churn they are liable to attach themselves and beâ€" come large and of different sizes. We want bath enough for them to float about in. It is perfectly safe to use the cream from the gravity cans, as lit will not contain 25 per cent. of fat, but do not make the cream from the separator too rich, or it will be too dense for finishing the globules "in, the best form. At 15 per cent. if. is rather thin, but this does not interfere with so- curing good granulation. At 30 per cent. we can get good granules, but it. requires more care. If we find that 60 degrees is the right tom}. cra- ture, we use that. If it is Holstein mil‘k we may have to churn at. 55 degrees or a little above 50, espe- cially if the cows are fed on corn- 'meal and silage. If we are Using cream from Jersey cows that have been fed considerable cottonseed meal, we sometimes have to churn up to 70 in order to get the butter to- come right. When the granules begin to ap- jpear, look into your churn, and if gyou are a novice you will look quite loftcn. As you continue to churn you ’gradually become accustomed to the business, and you know about how Imuch churning to give it each time. Sometimes the granules will grow in size very rapidly, especially if the temperature is a little high, or the fat a little soft. ._..____.+.____._ TWO SHOTS A SECOND. New Automatic Pistol Being Pro- ' duced in England. ! A new automatic pistol_is being Imanufactured in England by the 'Mars Automatic Fire Arms Syndi- cate. It is made of three different isizes, 0.335, 0.36 and 0.4-5 inch. The lmagazine is contained in the handle iof the pistol, different models carry- ling from eight to eleven cartridges. aThe weight of the pistol is 2 pounds 10 ounces. The mechanism is peâ€" lculiar in that the breech remains closed until the bullet has left the barrel, so that there is. no chance of the cartridge bursting by its being withdrawn while there is still pres- sure in the bore, consequently this pistol can fire a very heavy bullet with a large charge: The weight of the Mars bullet is 220 grains, the charge 14 grains of cordite, the muzzle velocity 1,250 foot seconds (nearly double that of the Colt re- Ivolver) and the muzzle energy 760 :foot pounds (nearly three times that jof the service revolver). An expert can fire twentyâ€"four :shots in ten seconds, and in accurâ€" iacy it is stated that when fired from a rest at 1,000 yards range it will =kecp all its shots on a four-foot square target, while its penetration is 16 inches of pine, against the Mauser pistol’s 'ten, and the Colt’s leight. ._'-......_.+._......._. COLOSSAL STATUE. The colossal equestrian statue at iRomo of King Victor Emmanuel II. is now nearing completion. The statue is about 33 feet in height from the level on which the horse stands to the crowu of the King’s head. The feathers in his helmet are about 5 feet extra. There will be space for one or two persons to get into the head. and for four or five in the head of the horse. +- SIMPLE LIFEâ€"SAVER. It is not generally 'knOWn that 'when a. person falls into the water la common felt hat may be made use !of as a life-preservcr, and by placing xthe hat upon the water, rim down, ‘with the arm round it, pressing it slightly to the breast, it will bear a man up for hours. tâ€" nâ€"~.â€"â€" The number of blast furnaces ing erected in Britain at the ginning of this year was '70. Of these 11 were being built in Scot- land. be- e w ° FOR THE HOME é e 009 -â€" (3 a ‘ . . e . I . l . e 9 Recipes for the Kitchen. $ 9 ~ Hygiene and Other Note g a for the Housekeeper. o 9 G seaoSeeeaeaegoeeaeaeao What Makes a. Home. A house is built of bricks and stones, of sills and posts and piers; ‘ But a home is built of loving deeds that ’ stand a thousand years. A house, though but an humble cot, within its walls may hold _ A home of priceless beauty, rich in Love’s eternal gold. The men of earth build housesâ€"halls and chambers, roofs and domesâ€"â€" But the women of the earthâ€"God knowslâ€"the women build the homes. ’ Eve could not stray from Paradise, for oh, no matter where Her gracious presence lit the way, 10! Paradise was there. A Displaced Garment. It is interesting to note that shawli as articles of adornment and habitual costume have completely passed out of Vogue. Shawls of a white, feathery VB- riety are used semi-occasionally yet, it is true, but only away from the fashion centres. Shawls have entirely lost their place in the temple of fashion. The reason for the passing of this very essential garment of grandmofiner’s day is that it is a piece of dry goods which is 'not good for trade. The style originators in Paris, the great dressmak- ers of the world, taboocd the shawl be- cause it is ready for use as soon as it leaves the loom. So far as London, Paris and New York are concerned, the silllawl looms of India might as well stand 1( c. This same garment, however, has an interesting history. In bygone days Lyons, Paisley and Norwich makers bought large stocks of Kashmir shawls for the sole purpose of imitating their dainty fabric and delicate patterns, which they (lid so skilfully that the imi- tations became very popular. A good black Caree from ‘France, or a crimson Paisley was something which any lady might wear, and although not the real thing. served the purpose, for it was decorative, compliant and adjustable to all needs. A shawl proper, whether worn by man or woman. was even in the East an ar- ticle of distinction, somethin; to be ranked with the robe of honor bestowed by the Indian nabobs, or the yellow ‘ am I jackets of Chinese Mandarins. It stood upon its own dignity. and whether it sheltered the head and shoulders of a beauty, or was nobly girded about the waist of a courtier, or merchant, a shawl was something by which you could judge the wearer. Nc. upper gar- ment better suited a comely Countenance and wellâ€"shaped neck and bust, nor was any girdle of leather or silk or quilted work as comfortable and convenient as the twisted Kashmir shawl. whose soft- ness caressed the body while it protect- ed it. Where Fasting Aids Health. “The practice of fasting,” said a medi- cal man who adopts it, “is, when wise- ly followed, most beneficial. I convinced that many people never feel the sensation of no.- tural hunger. All they have is a men bid craving for food, which comes of habit rather than from any actual need felt by the stomach. Natural hunger stimulates the palate, and is felt in the mouth as well as in the internal organs. It makes the plainest food seem de- licious, and, when being satisfied, is a source of such enjoyment as the ow erage well-fed man has no conception of. Some suffer, it is true, from insuf~ ‘ ficient food, but not so many as those whose ills arise from over-nutrition, their digestions being continually over- strained. A habit of judicious fasting would do wonders for them. The sys« tem would recover its lost tone, and fin the case of ‘mental workers), tho brain would work with an ease and lightness that would surprise them, for from. the practice of over-eating. Be of Good Cheer. The cheerful. live longest in years, and afterwards in our regards..â€"Bovee. “If all cannot live on the piazza, every one may feel the sun,” says an Italian proverb. Life is full of sunshine for all who wish to absorb it, and full of gloom for those who take a morbid pleasure in dwelling in the shadows. Difficulties and troubles, if bravely met, make strong men and women, but anticipat- ing and worrying about them make petty, weak ones. » Why can you not take yourease and be merry now. If you wait until you conquer all your difficulties, the time 101‘ case and merriment will never come. Laugh, and be glad now, and the troubles which loom so threatenineg in the distancewill vanish, as you ap- proach them, like soap bubbles. . cur oil-1.9.. _ The compiler of “English as She IS Taught” introduces the following lum- inous essay on girls, done apparently by a lad of wide observation:â€" “Girls are very stuckup and dignefied in their manner and behaveyour. They think more of dress than anything and like to play with dowls and rags. They cry if they see a. cow in afar distance and are afraid of guns. They stay at home all’ the time and go to Church every Sunday. They are al-ways sick. They‘ are ill-ways funy and making fun of boys hands and they say how dirty. They can’t play marbles, I pity them, poor things. They make fun of boys and then turn round and love them. I be- don’t vbeleave they ever kiled a cat or anything. They look out every nite and say oh ant the moon lovely. Thir is one thing I have not told and that is Goéeeoeoaoeoeesoeoeeeo they al-ways now their lessons bettern the boys now thirn.” Should be Sponged. You should never, in home dressmak- ing, cut any kind of woollen goods until it has been sponged, as cheap material is often not dampened before it is sold. To do this properly at home get an ironing-board or table the width of the goods and cover with tightly-stretched calico. Spread your cloth wrong side up, cover with a. linen cloth that has been wrung out in water, and then press with a. hot iron the lengthwise of the goods and do not iron. Never let the iron be still, and the gocds must fall evenly on the floor on to a. clean cloth as pressed. Pineapple Lemonade. Boil together for ten minutes one cup of sugar and a pint of water. To this add the juice of four lemons and one freshly-grated pineapple. Let this cool; then strain carefully and add about a. quart of ice water. ~ Layer Cake Without Butter. beat two eggs, add two cupfuls of powdered sugar and beat hard for fifteen minutes; add one cupful of milk and two cupfuls of flour, alternating a little of each and beating well.- Lastly, add one teaspoonful of' flavoring and three level teaspoonfuls of baking powder, beat and bake in jelly tins. Fruit Punch. To one cup each of water and straw- berry juice, the juice of two oranges and two lemons and one cup of grated pine- apple, add one cup of sugar and let it stand for half an hour; then add one pint of Apollinaris water, half a cup of brandied cherries, and a few sprigs of mint and serve from a'puneh bowl into glasses of cracked ice. Chicken Pie. - Melt. a little butter in a deep baking dish ; scatter over it cracker crumbs, add a layer of chicken, picked fine, then a layer of oysters, salt and pepper and bits of butter, then a layer of cracker crumbs ; alternate with the chicken and oysters until the dish is full, adding sea.- soning with each layer. Pour over the whole the oyster liquor, to which add a well-beaten egg and a. teacupful of milk. Bake an hour. Steamed Prune Pudding. The following is a California recipe. Beat the yolks of two eggs with a half cupful of sugar until light, add a table- spoonful of softened butter and a gill of milk. Sift together one: cupful of flour with one tablespoonful of baking pow- der, and stir it into the mixture. Add next the well-beaten whites of the eggs and one eupful of prunes that have been soaked over night. drained and the stones removed. Chop them with a spoon. Steam the mixture for two hours. Oatmeal Drink. This oatmeal drink is a most refresh- ing beverage for thirsty children, and has the advantage of being very inex; pensive. Into an earthenware saucepan 'put two ounces of fresh oatmeal, two ounces of loaf sugar and a. thinly-sliced lemon. Mix this with just enough cold water to dissolve the ingredients, and while stirring add half a gallon of boil- ing water, stirring at intervals till nearly cold. Squeeze in the juice of an orange and strain for use. Vienna. Rolls. Sift two or three times one quart of flour, two teaspoonfuls of baking pow- der, and one-half teaspoonful of salt. lNork in one tablespalxnful of butter, add one pint of milk, stirring into a dough of the usual consis‘f'eney. Rail to the thickness of half in: inch. Cut into cir- cular forms, and fold over once ,moist- ening a little between the folds if neces- sary to make them stick. Butter the ,baking pans well, and do not let the rolls touch each other.“ When placed thereon, moisten the tops of the rolls with a little milk, or butter melted in milk, and bake in a hot oven. Put one-halts pint of water and two ounces of butter into a saucepan over the fire. \Vhen boiling, add four ounces of pastry flour; beat until smooth. Take from the fire, and when cool add one egg; beat until mixed; add another and another, until you have added four at least; beat thoroughly again. Drop the mixture by spoonfuls in a greased pan; bake in a moderate oven for forty minutes. When done split them on one side; fill with cold soft custard made by adding a tnblespoonful of cornstarch, moistened with cold milk. to half a pint of hot milk: cook for a moment; add the yolks of three eggs, beaten with three tablespoonfuls of sugar; take from the fire; add a teaspoonful of vanilla and set aside to cool. ._....__..+.__â€"_â€" Spanish Proverbs. Never quit certainty for hope. Losers are always in the wrong. The book of Maybes is very broad. \Vho robs a scholar robs the public. He who has but one coat cannot lend it. A good companioumakes good com' pany. Better go about than fall into the ditch. For a flying enemy. make a silver bridge. Plough or not plough, you must pay your rent. The disease a man dreads, that he dies of. Many go out for wool and come home shorn. He who sows brambles must not go barefoot. ' When a friend asketh, there is no to- marrow. - l Snakes have no eyelids at. all and birds no true eyelids. The latter are, however, provided with. a memâ€" brane which can be let down over the eye. , farther up than it is now. LOWER LEVELS OF LAKES DUE TO EVAPORATION. .nâ€"q. Longer Seasons of Navigation and Farming Farther ' North. Captain Bernier of North Pole fame, considers that the climate of Canada is gradually becoming warm- er, and that in the course. of the next fifty years there will be hardly any snowfall at all. Just what is the cause of this change of climate he does not pretend to say, but he has noticed numerous indications that it is becoming warmer, and iii is upon these that he rests his belief.~ Of course, it is very generally statâ€" ed by old people that the winters are far less severe than formerly, and that the snowfall now is a mere bagatelle to what it used to be. Time was, so it is stated, when six feet of the beautiful on the level was not unusual in places where the most that has ever fallen in the last two decades has been three or four. The captain has noticed a great change in this way himself, and conâ€" siders it evidence that the climate is. becoming warmer and much dryer. He has noted, too, that the old sea level of Toronto was, not so very many years ago, over 100 feet The level of the lakes, especially Lake Supe- rior, is falling. The St. Lawrenco River is losing its high level, and. will, he believes, continue to DECREASE IN DEPTH. At Trinity Bay, on the St. Lawv rence, the skeleton of a large whall was found 180 feet above the present sea level, and the late Judge O Brien was a witness of the fact. These re- sults are, Captain Bernier considers, due to increased evaporation, in its turn the result of the ste-tdy rise of. temperature. Farther north, too, there are fallible indications .of the growing mildness of the climate. At Spit- bergen the old tidal mark is 300. feet and in Greenland 28 feet above the present sea level. It is possible now to navigate much farther north than formerly in the Arctic Ocean. Behring's. voyages have long been beaten, and the reason is because! there are now so many more open~ ings in the ice than in his time. It has been, then, clearly shown, even by these few observations, that the cold center is shifting, and the- question is, in what direction '1- There can be no doubt that Europe is much colder than it formerly was, and is becoming still colder. We are- perpetually hearing of storms in Europe of greater severity than any in many years, hundreds of years in some cases. It is not merely so in isolated instances, but there seems- to be a gradual increase of such phenomena, as if that continent Evere, so to speak, being broken in o in- A DIFFERENT CLIMATE. There is, Captain Bernier says, more bad weather over there, more damp-~ ness, and more snow. It is obvious, then, in what direction the cold center is moving, eastwards. And this gradual change in clinlats may be expected to continue. It will then be a considerable factor ir Canada’s commercial and industrial development. The St. Lawrence and lake ports will be open for longer periods than now, and the season of navigation will be extended. It is not probable that the prevailing agricultural characteristics of the countries will be altered much at least not for a great length of time at. any rate, but the captain expectr that, owing to this increasing mild- ness of the climate, vast tracts 0; land in the far Northwestern por-- tions of the Dominion will be render“ ed habitable and brought under cul. tivation. "I will not see it,” he remarked “but you younger people may, one the next generation certainly will." 4... RAILROAD SIGN LANG UAG E. It is not deal mutcs alone who our- ploy the sign language. Railroadcrs have a tongue of this sort that, since railroading began, has been growing until now anything that needs to be said in it can be ex- pressed as Ierfcctly as in words. The signals of railroaders are made with the hands and arms in the dayâ€" time, and with a lantern in the dark, the lantern signals, by the way, being comprehensible at a far greater distance than the daytime ones. The latter are made with one arm or with both, at. the l'n'akcman’s option. To go ahead, to stop one to back are the leading ones. The arms moved horizontally and verti- cally make the two first signals : the back turned and the arms pushedl out make the last one. The mail: lantern signals are an upâ€"and-down, a crosswise and a circular movement. There are, of course, a hundred oth» or minor signals, and these vary slightly in different parts of the country. Ilut the main ones are as common and as intelligible every- where amoug railroaders as the Eng lish language" itself. . 4â€".â€" wnnnn RUNNING Is A CRIME" In the city of Hot Springs, Ark. running is a nlisdemcanour. An; person going faster than a walk i arrested and fined. This law is i' the interest of invalids. wh throng the strcefa and suffer l‘f lapses from the excitement caused b the undue haste of a stranger. On who runs is supposed to be a thie- murderer, or escaped lunatic. 01m CLIMATE lS MILDER.’ . car-var, _. . .V . , ,,,. .... a" l ‘ -. -Ahw‘ .. an" M‘AL‘AAAAuA-‘AAAA‘A