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. : mu. T'~‘.'r1..‘ ms row;- .- ‘Q‘A’JZ'J: . M- '3{£‘°-?i{'n-él{-¢'?i>f~ 3 . <" .-.- G :2, ___ ' .4? 7.. 3» 5E; Seasonable and Profitable :3 it iilnts for the Busy Tillers 3g: 3'}: of the Soil. 3, r . 1“ WES?‘-?E€'°-%€-°-%~m}i£-e-Eiéo'Eié-°-}5€-“firehé-viif NOT A GAME OF CHANCE. The occupation of farming is pur-{nOt enough 1'01“ Sued upon lines of Scientific princiâ€" ples, more and more from year to year. The manner of conducting an ordinary farm is in marked contrast to that of fifty years ago. Men have been, and are educated in the art of farming so that desired re- sults are obtained with a greater deâ€" gree of certainty. Farming is not a game of chance can follow from sheer luck. .Ta‘o achieve success in farming, ability, prudence and industry must characâ€" terize the successful farmer as the same requisites must characterize the successful man engaged in' any other business. There are men who fail, to make any business pay, while others get rich in the same occupaâ€" tions where these failed. Few farmâ€" ers become millionaires. In fact, comparatively few millionaires have honestly acquired their possessions. The means by which a large majorâ€" ity of men become millionaires is of a questionable nature. A million dollars honestly acquired is a large fortune. But, in this age of pure commercialism a million dollars as it too often “taken in.” is not considered a massive fortune. Why Should the standard of the man be measured by the dollar, anyway? But, taking the average of all ocâ€" cupations, we assume that there are fewer bankrupts in farming than in any other calling. Few make great fortunes, but thousands live Comfort- ably on a smaller investment of cap- ital on the farm than would give them the same independence and com- fort in any other business. The mere accumulation of money is not the highest measure of success in this life. The man who has made a happy and comfortable home for those who are dependent upon him, and who has been a useful man in the community may not have laid up a great fortune for his children, but if he has made them good citiâ€"} zens, he has done far more se‘i‘vicel for his country than many a milâ€" lionaire. Luck has little to do with farmâ€" ing. At times one man may seem to have a series of misfortunes from which his neighbor escapes, but in nearly all cases, neglect somewhere may be traced'as the cause of “bad luck.” The man who thinks as well as works, grows in ability to ac- complish. To him that hath shall be‘givenâ€"the good book saysâ€"it is given to him that hath. because he will know how to use it. SHADE FOR DAIRY COWS. No more common mistake is made by amateur dairymen than that of allowing cows to run in pasture dur- ing the summer without any shade whatever. Who has not noticed that horses under average conditions will do a fair day’s work and thrive fully as well as others that are run~ ning in pasture idle during the hot sunnner season? We believe that animals are more affected by the heat when standing still than when moving about, and yet ordinary cows have not the instinct to keep on the move in order to experience a little more bodily comfort. During the hottest part of the season cows will seldom be seen chewing their cud in midday unless some sort of shade is afforded them. This is unnatural, and it stands to reason that animals that are experi- encing this bodily discomfort can- not yield profitable returns. It is not an uncommon thing to see cows in a treeless pasture where but little labor would allow them to have ac- cess to good shade daily. Where it is not possible to utilize shade trees it will generally prove profitable to turn them into the darkened stable: So much the better if a little green food can be supplied at this time, but even if animals are given ing whatever to eat while confined in the stable they will generally do better than where they are allowed to run out during the. entire day. The turning of the animals into a darkened stable also affords an exâ€" cellent means of combating the dis- turbing effects of stable flies. These are a great nuisance and interfere seriously with the milk flow.‘ In case it is too much trouble to turn animals into the stable and if shade trees are not available it will prove profitable to construct an inâ€" expensive shade. A cheap shanty roof on six or eight standards. will afford a much needed protection. The very fact that animals always seek out such places as will afford any shade. whatever is an indication that they have a natural craving for it during the hot weather. and if this is supplied by some inexpensive means there can be no doubt but that the returns in dollars and cents will more than justify the outlay. DAIRY 'NOTES. To get all of the butter. the cream must be uniformly ripened. 'When milk is an item, it will play to feed some grass daily. No food product costs so much laâ€" bor and food as butter. that any perSon| nothâ€" - with a. rich cow, and feed her rich foods. It is a good plan not. to give heatâ€" ing foods to cows for two weeks beâ€" fore they are expected to calve. One advantage of winter dairying over summer is in having the great-, er part of the season’s make of butâ€" ter to sell when the price is highest. If the churn is too full the churn- ing will be a failure, simply because there is not room enough for the cream to get proper motion. It is the cream to slide ;around the churn in a smooth and lgentle manner. It must fall with, Ia chug and thug, enough to enable the fat globles to come close enâ€" lough to each other to unite and =for1n butter granules. A desire to .save the extra work that would lcome from two churnings is fre- quently responsible for poor results; the extra quart of cream over and! 1above the proper amount. in the lchurn can easily choke the machine} suiliciently to bring out the work' sufficiently to string out the work to a wearisome length; two quick, [easy churnings are better than one 'long one. A churn half full will do better and quicker work than oncl twoâ€"thirds full. The time will be shorter, the butter Will. come better and the buttermilk will show less butterfat, when the churn is not overloaded. W'I-liITEWASII. There is more virtue in the whiteâ€" wash for the poultry house than most people are willing to credit. There are two ways to apply ‘white- wash to a poultry house. One is with a brush, and the other with a spray pump. These pumps are obâ€" tainable almost anywhere now, and [are the best implements for putting son whitewash. The sides and ceilâ€" ling of the poultry house should be lgiven an application of whitewash. The roosts and nestboxes should not .be neglected. The whitewash should be of the consistency of thick cream, land it will be found a good plan [to put some kerosene in each pailful. IMites can be killed and lice will not where a frequent and thor- survive ough application of whitewash is given. One can put on some old slip of a garment, an old hat, and lwith spray pump can, in a few min- utes, have a good application of whitewash that will make everything sweet and clean. What falls on the floor will make a good floor itself when mixed with the hard dirt or coal ashes, or of whatever material the floor is made. Make free use of whitewash from now on during the lactive season of lice and mites, and lsce how few of them will he found at the close of the season. .The Ifight against vermin must be per- 'sistent and continuous. One appliâ€" cation will be good as far as it goes, but it is inadequate. â€"â€"â€"â€"+ UELEBRATING THE PEABE. SCENES (AT THE CEREMONY IN PRETORIA. ,â€" The Last and. Greatest of Three Memorable Tableaux in the Public Square. A letter to the London Chronicle from a Pretoria correspondent says: For ourselves, we celebrated the 2peace with great ceremony. For the last two or three days troops have been congregating round the town, land large numbers of people came over from Johannesburg. The mornâ€"- ing was brilliantly fine, as it usually is in this wintry season-m. hot sun shining in the cold, thin air of the high veldt. By eight o’clock the large public square' was already crowded. It is the same square in which Lord Roberts first hoisted the flag on June 5, 1900. In the midst stands a singularly hideous church, land looking on to the open are a .lot of large but irregular and illâ€"de- signed buildingsâ€"the Government oflices, the Law Courts, DOStâ€"oflice, IStandard Bank. Grand Hotel, and lso on. The space is considerable. It [is difficult to judge, but I should think it is about as large as Lin- coln’sâ€"inn~fields; only instead of trees rand grass there is dusty rod sand, which waters down into sticky red | l 'mud. All the windows and roofs ‘were early thronged with people. lKruger’s unfinished pedestal was: covered with them to the very top. All the townspeople of both races :had come, at least to see the sight, iif not' to join in the thanksgiving. , ;On the space of red mud south of! ithe church and facing the Govern- ment Buildings, the troops were 1drawn up on three sides of an ob-- llong in quarter column. There were 5,570 men of them altogether, and all were under command of General iBarton, commanding the district. ‘Detachments of all manner of regiâ€" gments and corps were thereâ€"Innis- killings, West Yorks, Gordons, Cam- 'hoisted the flag, and now the lactly right. ‘erons, Rifle Brigade, South African Constabulary, Rimington's, and .many others. A large body of the ,National Scouts held one corner of ’the square, conspicuous by their many-colored hatâ€"bands, their beards, and slouching gait. On a platform in front of the Governâ€" ment Buildings, or flanking it on either side, sat gay rows of nurses in their uniforms and veils and white or scarlet parasols, numbers of offiâ€" cers with their wives, state oflicials, and various OTHER PRIVILEGE‘D PEOPLE. Under the portico was Lady life 'lt is very important 1‘0 SHDDIY thezthuen, and a number of officers eon- dairy cow with palatable foods. Cows that are good producers rich milk 'must be good consumers. find ’figure of Col. Thorneycroft In order to secure rich milk start I lspicuous in the war-Sir Harry Raw- 01' linson, Badenâ€"Powell, .ieneral W0 0d, many others. The enormous .9“... ‘12:» _" ;B{¢,A,“,.J.,._,;x~m _. ‘ V.‘ )zur'v‘wâ€" . ‘ ' "7 I . '- to be everywhere present, for to him the management of the ceremony had been given, perhaps in memory of old theatrical days in Simla, before Spion Kop was heard of. As this assistants he had Dr. Fox Symons, known to Chronicle readers five years ago as a, surgeon in our Greek Hosâ€" pital, since then chief surgeon at Mount Napier in" Maritzburg. and now officer of health to Pretoria. Soon after nine the Cameron pip- ers began to squeal the “Seventy- Ninth’s Farewell to Gibraltar." They were followed by the more orâ€" derly music of the English brass, and so the. nations went at it alter- nately for nearly an hour, while the troops stood easy, and thin clouds of tobacco went up from their ranks to mingle ' with the morning haze. Just before ten Lord Kitchener came down the steps on to the dais in front of the portico, everyone stand- ing at attention and dead silent. His staff followed him, with Sir Ian Hamilton first as the chief of staff. General Barton, in front of the troops on his black charger, the commands for the General Saâ€" lute,lthe rifles rattled together, and the bands played their few bars. Kitchener stood motionless and alone, looking over the TI-IICKLY-CROWDED SQUARE. Then there were medals to be pin- ne'd on to, the scarlet tippets of nur- ses, and the great man did his best to smile. Next came the Victoria Crosses for officers and men, and the heroic deed of each was read out in a loud voice, the man saluted, shook hands, saluted again, and disappear- ed with that immortal bronze cross and scrap of crimson ribbon. This done, a, procession of surpliced clergy and choristers wound into the square from one corner, singing, "Onward, Christian Soldiers,” the tune being taken up by the thirteen bands and the big assembly. The procession sang itself up to the dais, and then the hynm was changed, and the bands gave out the phrase of old “St. Anne" for “O God our Help in Ages Past." The prayers were brief, and then the centre of the service was reached in the “Te Deum." By Lord Kitchener's speâ€" cial command “Nearer, My God, to Thee” was the next hymn. He meant to have what songs he liked, he said when someone objected. When this command was fulfilled, the Archbishop of Cape Town, re- moved his purple velvet cap, spoke for a few minutes on the peace, its meaning, its cost, and its hopes for the future. The words were digni- fied and quiet, free from any tone of triumph or boasting, and fully recognizing the IIPJItOISlll AND SINCERITY of the late enemy in the struggle. They were clearly spoken, the voice reaching well over the square, and the men listened in silence. The Old IIundredth naturally followed, with one verse of the National Anâ€" them, and then the. clerical party withdrew to Kipling's “Recessionâ€" al,” sung to the old tune for “Those in peril on the Sea.” When the bands ceased, Kitchener, who had been standing during the service on the open space fronting the dais,,came up the steps again with his staff, and standing well in front called for three cheers for the King. He led the cheering with lifted helmet himself, and it was well given. But I must say the real enthusiasm came when some one shouted for cheers for Kitchen- er. In a moment the whole square went wild. Helmets, hats, and caps of every cut flew into the air, or Were waved on the inuzzles of rifles. Cheer followed cheer, as though the people and troops could never .stop, and the shouting still went on long after Kitchener himself had disap- peared into the Government Build- ings behind. I have seen three great sights in that squareâ€"the mustering of the :burghers at Joubcrt’s order for the terrible war, the entrance of the Ilritish troops when Lord Roberts cere- mony of Lord Kitchener's peace. It was undoubtedly .a. great ceremonyâ€"â€" almost as simple and dignified as such a. thing 'could be made. The military part of it seemed to me ex- There stood the men who had marched so far and fought .so well, and now the very end had come. Never again in this war will they meet together for common serâ€" ‘vice in battle or trek or thanksgiv- -ing. The war is over. the dead are numbered, and the task of the great army is accomplished. -,_+_____. VIENEA’S CURIOUS FINES. In Vienna every man’s home is his dungeon from 10 p.111. till 6 a.m. Vienna is a city or flats, and at 10 p.111. the common entrance door of each block is closed and bolted. Thereafter persons passing in or out must pay a fine of'fbd. to the com- cierge until midnight, and ‘ld. from that hour till (5 a.1n. post a letter cosxts 2d, anfd the same amount to return. To prolong a visit to a friend after 10 p.111. means 2ld. 'to get out of his house and 2d. more to enter your own. A natural result of this irritating tax is that, of all capital cities, Vienna is earliest to bed. ___._+.___'_- AN ELABORATE CARPET. Eleuen experts have worked for five months on a Wilton carpet inâ€" tende for the London Goldsmiths’ Company ’5 C ourt drawi n g-room . The carpet is an inch deep, com- prises five and a half million knots, weighs about -12th., and contains seemed fortyâ€"sisr sh-a'desor wool. gave 1 To go out to' .- V l:â€" 4.9,,0“O,000009000990'oc09600coco. .. .¢.,,..,.°.., .. g 6.. o 9 c c O 0 O O O 00 o o o z . , . . . ° , . . 0.0 . 5e .00....OO.OO.OO.OO.66.00.0...OOQO‘OO.09.OO'¢O.1,.c¢.¢0.00.00.00.0O.co.00.oo.no.cb.of.vO.é6.ob:'h 'o’ JO 0 ‘l - 0 .3. . a 9 ‘ v 7 ‘2‘ o o “ ' o : , 0:. g. 9:. 0:. 0:0 0:. - 0:0 0 °! 6° 0:. ‘3’ '3' . , «in ,3 Prediction of a W estcm Banker. q. 0:. . .2.» . _ 0 9 0 0 O O ~F O 0 9 O 6 O ,. 9.00.“....,....,« ,.. o 9 9 o O o o O o o e 9 o o o o o 9 o o c e o o 0 o e o o o o o o . . . .; . '. . 9,”.09.06.00.0>.¢0.0.u.¢0.0 t.».«.u.».n.o9.09390»;n;o¢o.¢o.n.w.c9.050%...«351 . A special to the le York Even- mg Post‘from Washington says :â€" “Within ten years Western Canada. Wlll be producing annually 250,â€" 000,000 bushels of wheat. This is the prediction of Theodore M. Knappn, of Minneapolis, made in an address before the State Bank- ers’ Association, and other observâ€" ers who have been lately quoted in these columnsshare his views.’ If this estimate proves correct, it will constitute one of the most farâ€"readi- ing economic movements of the time, and one‘ destined to have notâ€". able political of the line. gThe prosperity of the United States always depends in large part upon the foreign market for, our great cereal products, of’ which wheat is king. Its price is regulated in the markets of Liverpool, and, as that figure goes up, prosperity smiles on the great Northwest, and when it goes down complaint deepâ€" ens in the hearts of the people. " The low prices of a deCade ago- which gave birth to the Farmers’ Alliance and People’s party move: ments, culminating in their Capture of the Democratic party in 1896, Were in no small degree due to the sudden prominence. attained by Rusâ€" sia and the Argentine Republic in the food markets of the world. There had come to be an over supply of cereals which reacted unfavorany upon the United States. Since that time the consuming power of the world has been steadily increasing, and new markets, especially in Asia, have been opened for our cereals. NEW CONSUMERS FOUND. New races have learned to eat wheat, the most aristocratic of grains, and one which only the richâ€" er pcople have been accustomed to afford. High prosperity in the Amâ€" erican home market, the most imâ€" portant of all, has supported this upward movement of 1:1.ccs oc- casioned by increased demand the world over, until our western farmâ€" ers- are now in a same of unprecedâ€" ented prosperity. But they, without being alarmists, may properly ask where this new Canadian wheat is going to, and what will be its ef- fect upon the world’s market in case present predictions are fulfilled. The United States is toâ€"day exporting about 80,000,000 bushels in the kernel, and as much more in the effects 911 both sides form of flour. Mr. Knap~pn.'s 250,â€" 000,000 bushels of western Canaâ€" dian production within a decade would thus be nearly double the present export of the United States. WHAT IT MEANS FOR CANADA. The suggestion that the existence of such a food supply on British territory, with the cattle raising possibilities of Australasia, would makg the long discussed British Im- perial federation scheme much more feasible than before, is natural. It could seemingly be accomplished} without a perceptible increase in the price of foodstuffs to the English working classes, ,which has hitherto been the chief objection to differenâ€" tial tariff in favor of the colonies, as to the return to any general protective policy. -D.-ut to the Amâ€" erican wheat raiser of the North- west the conslunnnation of the Im- perial customs union scheme is not necessary in order to make the new opening of Western Can-adaa serious development. On a basis of only equal opportunity in Liverpool, as toâ€"day, the Canadians would still get as much for their wheat as our own farmers, and their cost of transporting it there would be hardly perceptiny greater. It could be shipped in bond to Dulut-h, and thence take the routes of the American wheat, or it might be exported through Port Arthur, on the northern shore of Lake Superior. The Canadian Pacific Railroad, with its feeders, which are rapidly ex- tending, has a double Interest in making the most reasonable rates possible for Its increase will bring in population and stimulate general business. RESOURCES NOT UNDERSTOOD. ' The world'has very much miserâ€" derst‘ood, and so failed to appreâ€" ciate Western Canada, and an awakening from this mistake seems to be coming suddenly. The isoâ€" 'therm of (50 degrees, which in July lies just north of Quebec at its eastern end touches the mouth of the McKenzie about the Arctic circle at the western extremity of the con- tinent. Climatic conditions thus give Western Canada a distinct advantage. over the eastern part, with which the world is familiar. Moreover, the bad lands of our own west, which begin in North Dakota, just west of the Missouri River, do not seem to extend far up into Canada ; the region there on corresponding meri- dians is a lake country and well Watered. It has all kinds of natural advantages, forests, ores and min- erals, and a generally fertile soil. Its development promises to be '(me of the great movements of the next ten years. HOW BOOMERS WORKED. Such is the present boom in Can- adian land that 20,000 acres are said to be selling daily in St. Paul and Minneapolis. This is an out- growth to be sure, of the extraor- dinary boom in American farmlands this wheat movement. , occasioned by the high prices of their product and the resulting funds a'ailable for investment in the pockets of the farmers. Twelve years ago the speculative mania' of the West was mostly for town lots. Dazzled by the fortunes which had been made in Chicago through its. growth, within“ the lifetime of men then living, from a frontier post to one of the greatest cities of the modern world, the inhabitants of other western towns pictured a simâ€" ilar advance for themselves. Duluth was going‘. to be a Chicago, so was ' whose terminus Kansas City and Omaha, and Sioux City and Fargo, and a dozen other towns that might be mentioned. Land speculators did everything to develop the craze, they established street car lines purely for advertisâ€" ing purposes, which they soon had to abandon ; they erected preten~ tious municipal buildings, padded the census and took every other means known to hypnotize the inspec- tor, whether a native or a, tenderâ€" foot. It was a town lot boom throughout the west ten yearsago. and a town lot panic that broke with such fury in the summer of 1893. ALL AFTER FARM LANDS. The investing public learned someâ€" thing from such an experience, and so it is not to be wondered at that the present boom, almost as marked as that of ten years ago, is in farm lands instead. These have a more substantial basis, to be sure, than the town lots, and yet the price at which the grain fields can be profits ably held and cultivated must de- pend much on the world market for our great cereals. Our own agricul- tural lands are up, although Uncle Sam still owns millions, of acres, amounting to (30 per cent. of area of seventeen States -â€"-wit.h slight exceptions, land on which no one could. support himself in- agriculture, except by sniffing the rock of national irrigation. Accordingly, as the land boom waxes strong with that advance of prices which has created an antiâ€" beef trust agitation among the con- sumers ' of the east, the western beneficiaries of this same. upward movement are reaching out for more land. The natural increase of pop: ulation, of course, emphasizes the call, and Canada has just been dis: covered. Americans have found out that they can raise wheat there for the British market just as profitale as they can here, and so they are pouring across the fine. ' AMER-{CANS COMING 1N. ' In 1898 fewer than 10,000 Ameri cans crossed the border, while tlhh year it is estimated by .J. Obec Smith, Dominion Immigration Com missioner at Winnipeg, that out of 2 total iminigrvation'into Western Can- ada of 50,000 the United States con tributes 30,000. It has been pre dicted that we shall soon be pour- ing Americans into Canada at thv ‘ate of 200,000 a year, as we have been pouring them into our North- wos‘t under a similar economic stim- ulation. A notable illustration 0: the way the plans of men ‘_ turn askew is that when Sir John Mac- ‘donald built the Canadian Pacific Railroad, partly to prevent. flu Americanization of Western Canada, he gave the road a land grant on about 25,000,000 acres. This is the very land, through the company 01 its agencies, that the American sel- tl‘ers are now buying; and they will bring about the Americanization of Canada, with greater rapidity than was ever before thought of. ‘ CANADIAN FIELDS. Last year vManitoba raised as. much wheat as North Dakota, and with the three Territories of Al- ' berta, Saskatchewan and Assiniboia, produced (32,000,000 busihcls. The same section will produce this yea: 75,000,000 bushels, or about the yield of Minnesota. One l'dinnc' apolis milling comp-any has already made arrangemtmts to receive anc grind Assiniboia wheat, in bond, and is planning to build a grcai mill for the exclusive grinding of Canadian wheat for the export trade. Manitoba alone has 2,500 miles of railway and other spur tracks are building. The Canadian Pacific is active, and the Canadian Northern, the new transscontinental, is at Port Arthur. is already pushing out from Erwood, 808 miles northwest to Prince Al- bert and Edmonton, and through the Yellow ‘ lrlead Pass, the lowest of mountain pathways, and down to _ihe Pacific. It is also estimated thf'tl within three years the whistle of the locomotive, I will be heard on the shores of the": Hudson Bay. .“ 'fi'_+ ARE YOU DOING IT ‘? Is there some special feature abou your business or your stock whici will prove interesting to the gen eral public ‘? If so why not advcr tise it ‘2 There is no doubt abou your ability to get business if yo want it and only know how to tel people in general of the desirabl features about your stock. It seem natural that you should see the ad vantage and it seems strange if yo‘ have teen slow to grasp it. pretty well taken : 1 l l ‘. I 1. l J, l l l . '99:“ . .. ‘ #é7’4 "3‘ *" - as : N.» «xv.» rank, ';\â€"‘\/4 ‘99..- g -: ~.;.*.