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‘r mna:anm-.«m . vauvu. 4'.1_."t my; :- r.~..‘ "ca" .. -_â€"‘ ,v. ~ ,3. .. '3 .5. i .. .. .r' i; 1‘ E :. . Trafalgar . .....- .- ....my-ng‘mymcsmrrmwmmmmmu. _I_......_~..,-e¢ .zr _ , ‘ the Mgééfiggfifibagbhh$$¢uébfibfibhéfi&vg&bégggmffi [address and signature being paid for. The Mighty Metropolis How the . Greatest City o Is Governed é, I.n.u.u.u.u.n.u.u.lo.o $vv v9vVS$$VVV$$vVVWW$$¢$é'vv’fi%’v‘$v‘v‘$$$$$$¢ London is rapidly changing. The old city is putting off its old'clothes and buying new. Its streets are be- ing widened, many of the old build- ings have been torn down, and there is a-fair possibility that the day of for flats ionable section, Carpenter. writes An army of workmen is now busy dreds of on the Strand. two, omnibuses could hardly pass. Toâ€"day it is being changed into a wide avenue which shall run from Square to IIolboun, not far from St. Paul's. Where the two streets come together about three acres'of buildings are to be torn away, and this space will be leased out by the city for new business houses. In tearing dowu the Strand ‘the owners, of the various properties have had to be bought out. In many places the buildings have been replaced. The Gaiety Theatre, for instance, had a new structure erectâ€" ed for it below and back of where the old theatre stood, and the same is true of other institutions. This work is going on in the very heart of London on some of the most cost- ly ground of the world. The City fathers have had to plate the sml with gold to get it, and when the improvement is completed it Will, it is estimated, cost at least $25,â€" 000,000. HOW LONDON IS GOVERNED. From what I have said about London’s city improvements you will see that the government here is something of an institution. This is. you know, the capital of the United Kingdom, the seat of Parâ€" liament and the residence of the King and Royal family. It has all the chief officials of the governâ€" ment, but its own administration is separate and apart from these. It is difficult to understand it, for the town has now a dozen or so mayors and a maze of other authorities. Not long ago it had 500 separate authorities, each exercising some sort of control, but most of these were swallowed up in the London city council. At'present there IS a county government, a city governâ€" ment and a borough government. The borough government might be called a ward government, for the city,, .is divided into twenty-seven boroughs, or wards, each of which has its own mayor, its own counCil and a certain~class of officials. LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL. The general government, however, is the London county council, com- prising 137 niembers, of whom nine- teen are aldermen. This cou‘nml practically governs London, It fixes the taxes and spends the money. and that right royally, too. Last year its expenses amounted to $80,000,- 000, or to ‘ of many a state government. The council arranges for the debt of too city, which now amounts to more than $239,000,000. It steps a nt- tle deeper into debt every year, and it enters upon all sorts of public improvements, granting franchises and permits for all kinds of under- takings. . It is hard to realize the powers of such a council. That -of London county controls the lnllSlC halls, the tramways, the bridges, the water- works, and all public improvements. It has already spent millions in erâ€" ecting houses to rent to the poor, and now it is building several little municipal cities on the outskirts or Lomdon for thatpurpose. It does, in fact, a wholesale and retail real estate business. The tenement build- ings will bring in moderate rents and the . them. The county council W111 proâ€" bably hold the fee simple title the ground along wiil lease it builders. . city will eventually receive thing like $10,000,000 from this source, and if it does at ground rents to vides that buildings revert poration on earth. BIG SALARIES. I have looked somewhat into the matter of salaries here in London. The county council spends $02,000,- 000 a. year, and much of this goes out for labor. The officers of the council receive from $4,000 to $10,- 000 per year. The clerk, engineer and architect each gets $10,000; the assessor 87.500. and the head 0f the I remember correctly our postal ser- street car department $5,000. The officers of the city corporation are still better paid. The recorder has 820,000 per annum, clerk $17,500, and the controller and vCan send a remembrancer $10,000 each. In adâ€" dition there are other salaries rang- ing from $11,000 down. LONDON’S LORD MAYOR. Perhaps the best paid mayor of the whole world is the Lord Mayor of London. 000 a year and his house rent free. He lives in the Mansion House. across the way from the Bank of London, within a short distance the Tower and London bridge. He has a salary of $50,- 'the American skyscraper may come, and money~making center. It I l l l f l I l l l I l l . I i | . 1 . . . l l i x city officials will collect: to ithese the Strand, and it works as a city institution. It is estimated that the for London in a sanitary way someâ€"[also for in rents icity has ten fires every day the year as ithrough. Biiuningham is doing, that is, pro- ifires every year, and the fire brigade at the end of the lease gis a very important part of the me- t0‘ the city, :tropolis. London will become the richest corâ€" 200 men, and it is equipped with 70 l I I I | l l l the town ubetter mails at lower rates. of to any I Ireland is one cent a word, the low- my stay, and he has room and to spare. The Lord Mayor does not control, however, any part. of the metropolis except that known as the city or the part that forms the chief commercial lies are going up in the fashâ€" east of the temple and embraces the Frank G. port, the docks, the custom house. the bank, the exchange and the hun- great wholesale establishâ€" As I saw the Street ments, banks and other corporations ten years ago it was so narrow that which make London the financial center of the world. This is the city proper, and it. is a city of the day. It has a. population of 300,â€" 000 and through it every day more than a million go ‘in and out while it is light, but at night it is alâ€" most as deserted as a city of the dead. Its théusands of capitalists and clerks then leave it and it is handed over to the watchmen and policemen, the Lord Mayor. in fact, being about the only prominent citizen to remain all night through. LONDON’S BIG DOCKS. I have spent much time about the docks watching the great steamers load and unload goods for and from all parts of the world. I don‘t know where one can get a better idea of the immensity of this city. You might live about Hyde Park for years and hardly know London was a port. Still. London is the greatâ€" est port of the world. It surpasses Liverpool and all the others. The whole River, Thames from here to the sea is its harbor, so that the port is really sixteen miles long, and it ranges in width with the width of the river. Standing on London bridge you see a forest of masts, not only in the river itself. but rising high above the great wholesale structures bor- dering it. The docks are mighty basins cut out of the lands along the bank, enormous vats of water covâ€" ering acres surrounded by ware- houses. St. Catherine’s docks have an area of twentyâ€"three acres, the London docks and Millwall docks each cover 100 acres, while the Surâ€" rey docks and the West Indian docks have each 350 acres. Even larger than these are the Royal Victoria and Albert docks, which are almost three miles in length, and have an area of 500 acres, and those of Tilbury, further down the Thames, which are quite as large. If you could put a big farm under water, and allow mighty warehouses to rise up along the bor- ders and through the fields and add hundreds of steamers loading and unloading at them, you might have some idea of these docks. They are profitable institutions, and the Lonâ€" don county council is planning to bring them under the control of the city. They now belong to private companies, and the city proposes to lbuy out the present owners and to .manage the docks by a public board,- more than the revenues‘ under the direction of parliament. This will probably be done at some time in the future. WATER FROBI WALES . Another thing which the county council is planning is the bringing of water for London clear across England from the Welsh lakes. At present London is supplied by the Thames and Lea Rivers, but it al- ready uses 205,000,000 gallons 3. day, and it is» estimated that the demand will soon be such as to im- pair the navigation of the Thames. Birmingham is getting its water from Wales, and so are other cities, and London will in all probability have to do likewise. -T'he water- works are now in the hands of priâ€" vate companies whose gross income last year amounted to something like $10,000,000, and whose profits vere over $5,000,000. The London county council proposes to buy out parties and run the water- ’l‘his would undoubtedly be better and its fire department. This It has more than 3,000 This now consists of 1,â€" steam engines, of which eight are river engines to protect the .shipâ€" ping of the Thames. THEY HAVE BETTER MAILS. There are two things, however, which I find 1 much better here than in the United States. I refer to the postal and telegraph services. These are under the general govern- ment, and are very well managed. If vice is run at a loss. The English postal service makes a profit of about $18,000,000 a year and gives You letter weighing four ounces to any part of the United Kingdom for a. penny or two cents, and overweight costs a half penny, or one cent, for two ounces. You can send parcels which weigh as much as eleven pounds for six cents for the first pound and two cents for each additional pound, and the book post is about the same as ours. The telegraph service is lower than in America. The cost of a despatch part of Great Britain and have met Rim s1“. his palace during est charge being 12 cents, and both ._._.....I . . Wwww ,-,.._._.- ~,,,, IIn the general postoffice in East London there is a telegraph room lwhere 500 men are employed receiv- ing and sending despatches, while- in the basement there are four steam engines which supply the pneumatic warded for delivery to the various parts of the city. I like the postal savings bank system which is in use all over Great Britain, so that every little village has its savings bank. You can deposit money wherever there is a postofiice and the savings banks are so well patronized that they now have more than $300,000,000 on deposit. PERSONAL POINTERS. Notes of Interest About Some Prominent People. In Texas women have taken to' ranching. 'One of the most success- ful of these is Mrs. Pauline Whitâ€" man, who owns a ranch of two hunâ€" dred thousand acres in the Pan Handle. There she raises fifteen thousand cattle annually, using only twenty cowboys for their handling, and successfully competing in the market with the kings of the cattle trade. ~. On one occasion in Manchester, England. during the performance of “Macbeth,” Sir Henry Irving came to the line where he has to say to one of the murderers, "There’s blood upon thy face!” The great trageâ€" dian stared so hard at the actor who was playing the “murderer” that that worthy quite forgot he was acting upon the boards. “Great Scot! Is there?” he .replied in alarm, and rushed off the stage. Mr. S. W. Allerton is a millionaire farmer. who owns thousands of acres of the richest soil in the Western States. When a, lad of twelve he drove cattle to market for a living, and in those days enjoyed many a feast from the orchards he passed. Now that he is a millionaire he has not forgotten the joys derived from his roadside apple feasts, and has had all his farms skirted by fruit trees planted by the roadside. From these wayfarers are allowed to pluck as much of the fruit as they can carry. While King George of Greece was staying at the Park Hotel in Wiesâ€" baden he noticed a window pane up- on which his father, the King of Denmark, had cut his name with a diamond. King George took off his own diamond ring and engraved his name below his father’s. A few hours afterwards the Czar saw‘ the window and immediately cut his name. Then came the Kaiser, who added his name to those of the three Royalties. A British diplomatist and an American millionaire are now striving to outbid each other in orâ€" der to get possession of the piece of glues. Lor'd Salisbury has a favorite cat. It is a cross between a Persian tab- by and a chinchilla grey, and has the name of Floss. It is sleek and wellâ€"bred, with fur as soft as downâ€" just the sort of cat one would exâ€" pect to find in the aristocratic atâ€" mosphere of Hatfield House. She is allowed the free run of the place, and, when she sees her master, dis- plays all signs of feline emotion which pleased and happy cats are wont to manifest. As soon as Lord Salisbury sits down the cat. takes possession of his knee, and there the ex-Premier will allow it to remain, stroking and talking to it. At home it is his most constant com- panion‘." ~ The Crown Prince of Denmark's reâ€" cent visit to England has been an enjoyable one, for he is on terms of close intimacy with the Prince of Wales. He possesses considerable coolness and personal strength, which he has shown on more than one occasion. One day, when the heir to the Danish throne was drivâ€" ing with the Princess. the bells on their horses startled the animals in another sleigh, which was overturnâ€" ed, the occupants becoming entangled in their rugs. The terrified horses bolted and the unfortunate passen- gers were in great danger, but the Crown Prince immediately leaped out of his sleigh, seized the runaâ€" ways, and by sheer physical strength brought them to a standstill. A good story is told of President Roosevelt. He usually leaves the White House at about three every afternoon, and on one occasion a fussy little man, chaperoning a big fellow in a loud check suit, a mousâ€" tache, and a fierce imperial, had been waiting at the door for half an hour. As soon as the President made his appearance the little man took him familiarly by the arm and dragged him over to the man with the imperial. "President," he said, pompously, “I want you to meet my friend.” He mumbled something and President Roosevelt took the hand of the man with the imperial and said, “I am very glad to meet you." Then he turned and‘looked the fussy little man over carefully, and there was a. twinkle in his eye as he con- tinued: “And now, if you will be so good, I wish you would make me acquainted with the man who introâ€" duced you to me!” ._.__.â€"',+_.â€"â€" Little Ethel (horrified)â€"-"We’ve invited too many children to our tea-party. There isn’t enough for them to get more than a bite each.” Little Dot (resignedly) -â€"_â€" "That's too bad. We'll have to call it an ‘at home.’ ". tubes by which the telegrams are for-1 FRUITS AS FOOD. Health and Nourishment - From Apples and Nuts. It is said that those who eat fruit need fewer stimulants than those Who do not. There are many per- sons who simply cannot combine the two together. A case is cited of a dipsomaniac who would drink any- thing rather than water. She re- quired something which would bite and sting and she would drink red ink. or, in fact, almost anything that was acrid. And so some fruits â€"at the outset, perhaps, unripe fruitsâ€"might help to remove any un- natural desire for drink. Fruits have always been consider- ed a valuable remedy for invalids suffering from almost every kind of disease. Albert Broadbent, an auâ€" thority on the apple, says for in- stance : “With rare exceptions apples are good for those disposed to gout and sluggish liver, and for those W110 follow a sedentary life. The juice of apples without sugar will often reâ€" duce acidity of the stomach becom- ing changed into the alkaline cor- rectivcs and thus curing sour fer- inentation. “Where unsweetened cider is used as a common beverage, stone or calculus is unknown; but how much better the fresh ripe fruit must be.” Oranges, again, are used as a, cure for influenza, especially in Florida. Nearly every fruit will purify the blood, partly because of the soft water (which takes up more injurâ€" ious material in the system than hard water) and partly because of its salts. Lemon is famous for this reason. But such fruits are by no means rich in proteid. Somewhat richer, though often overestimated in this respect, are _ FIGS, PRUNES AND RAISINS. The banana abounds in fatty and oily material. . Nuts are the proteid kings among fruits. It is on them that the apes maintain much of their vigor. Thus the almond can be thorough- ly masticated, or else pounded or milled. It is rich in oil, as well as in proteid. Almonds and raisins, which are so often taken after a full meal, are, like cheese, absolute- ly a complete meal in themselves; so great is our ignorance about food values. It is Said of the almond : "Nutâ€" cream is recommended for brainâ€" workers: It is made as follows : Pound in a mortcr or mince finely three blanched almonds, two walâ€" nuts, two ounces of pine kernels ; steep over night'in orange or lemon juice. This cream should be made fresh daily, and may be used in the place of butter. “Milk of almonds is made of kernels finely minced, with boiling water added. Almonds roasted to the color of amber are delicious to Eat. with biscuits or bread and but- er. “Grated in a nut mill they are good to serve stewed fruit. the They are useful mediâ€" cinally, because of their soothing and emollient properties. They should always be blanched in hot water, the skins being indigestible.” Good fruits should be chosen, and not pulpy and fibrous rubbish. These fruits should be carefully washed and eaten while still fresh, if possible. As to the peel, some Cannot. diâ€" gest it; but the Juice within and near the peel is valuable, and hence the peel should be boiled and the strained water taken as a drink, or at least added to some dish. The fruit cure is probably pleasantest of all cures. It has many varieties, oranges, apples and grapes being three of the best known kinds. the -â€"â€"â€"+' INDIA AND AFGHANISTAN. The ways of the new Amir of Afghanistan are, according to recent Indian papers, causing considerable dissatisfaction to the British Indian Government. Since his accession to the throne he has had but little communication with the. Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, and has im~ prisoned -a number of British sub- jects on suspicion of being spies. He has also raised many obstacles to trade in addition to those imposed by his late father. and is showing a disposition generally to have as little to do as possible with his great neighbor in the east. In addition to the measures taken to secure the fidelity and increase the efficiency of his army, he has orderâ€"- ed tents to be furnished for ninety- six thousand men; and depots of grain and forage have already been formed in different parts of the counâ€" try. Up to the present time Cen- tral Asian politics has had but. lit- tle interest for the world at large. The energy of the Russian advance has, however, brought about a change, and before very long the affairs of the two remaining inde- pendent Mohammedan States of Asia, Afghanistan and Persia. will become matters of international con- cern. _____+___.._ ALMOST AS BAD. Educated Egyptianâ€"“You have no wonderful hieroglyphics in your country, sir; no mysterious inscrip- tions, no undecipherable toms of an ancient literature whose secrets the wise men of the world have tried for ages to discover, and of which they are still as unenlightened concern! ing the meaning as ever they were.” Touristâ€"“No, we haven’t any of those things; but” â€"â€" brightening _up -â€""_v_.-e’ve got our railway time-ta- ‘; 'blcs. ' with any kind of. SMOKERS ABE BULL BUYS OBSERVATIONS OF A SCHOOL TEACHER. â€"â€" Says He Could Pick Out Tobacco Users in Any Class of Boys. There is one point on which teach- ers without exception are agreed, and that is that smoking by grow- ing boys is utterly incompatible with proficiency in studies. A teach- er in a city school who‘had a wide experience as an instructor, both in private and public schools,_ spoke with much earnestness on this sub- ject one day recently, when asked what the result of his observation: had been. “I do not propose to discuss thc tobacco question,” he said. “I not not a fanatic on the subject. I! fact, I am a. smoker myself. All that I have to say is in the way of statement of facts that have com( under my own observation. Thost facts warrant me in Saying with a: much positiveness as I know _hov that any boy under twenty who is a regular smoker may just as well givf up all hope of competing in point of scholarship with boys who let ‘to- bacco in all its forms alone. This if a. sweeping assertion, and I might even make it more sweeping am still‘keep within the limits of 1m} honest convictions. I might go Sf far as . to say - that a boy undei twenty who is addicted to excessiw use of tobaccoâ€"and in these days 0‘ cigarettes almost every boy who it addicted to its excessive useâ€"â€"I mighl I say, go so far asto assert it as x fact that any boy with the tobacm habit thus firmly fixed upon him ought as well abandon all hope 0 even a moderate proficiency in hll studies. “Hundreds of instances come t( my mind in confirmation of this. l have noted case after ease of I sort of ‘Rake’s Progress’ amom boys in the tobacco habit. I haVl seen boys with the brightest d minds who made fine progress if their studies begin to flag and dra( until they brought up in the em among ,. THE VERIEST DULLARDS ' in their classes. Tobacco did v.7 There was no need to ask the cans. It was too common an experieno to require explanation. I vent‘arl to say I could pick out the tob'acm users in any class of boys, no mat ter how large, and pick them out too, by no physical, external in'dica tions-. You would need no othe'. guide than what the results of the recitation room indicated. “I think that, smoking even anion; persons of mature years is a greal promoter of laziness. It is in m} own case, and I know it‘ is in tln cases of many others of my ac quaintance. I like a strong cigar and the interval after smoking, ant before I get back my full mental and physical energy, is as much a par! of the smoke as is the cigar itself But with persons who have attainef their full growth and maturity it if nothing.in this respect to what i‘ is with growing boys. KWith them 1'. seems, in addition 'to making then lazy, ,to have a peculiarly benumb ing, befogging effect upon the mind “This is a, matter for parents anf not for teachers, except in s-ucl schools as include a, general super- vision of the pupils’ conduct out of schoolhours in the general course of instructions. 'Teachers may lectun boys on the Subject until the crack of doom and it will have little 0) no effect. I have tried it and tried it with as little cant as possible, but with a, simple statement of facts as I am stating them to you. I knew it would have little, if any, effect and I was never happily dis- appointed in this respect. Still I have continued lecturing the boys and shall continue to do so as a matter of principle. Occasionally 1 have made special pleas with boys who were bright and whom I saw beginning to go the old tobacco road down to the (lunce corner. It may have done a little good in a few in- stances, but I doubt if the good was lasting. “There is one thing, however, that is making for a reform in this re- spect, and that is the growing hold athletics are taking upon school- boys. Smoking does not go with a good physical condition in a boy any more than drinking does in a. man, and the training for athletic contests does more in a month to uproot the smoking habit among schoolboys than the lectures of par- ents or teachers would do in a year!’ +.__...... THE CIIEEKY MIDDY. A good story is told of Lord Charles Beresford and a young mid- shipman, a son of Lady Florence Dixie, and a most cool, upâ€"to-data youngster. Amongst other accom- plishments young Dixie managed to run up a-big,bill in his mess, and the fact having been brought to Lord Charles' notice he had the cr- ring middy up before him and gaw him a bit of his mindâ€"and Lord Charles can giVe it pretty stronglyâ€"- on the subject, ending up by sayingl “But ’I suppose it’s the old storyâ€" the fool of the family sent .into an navy." “Oh! no, Lord Charles,’l cooly replied young Dixie. "Thing are quite changed since your day.'- This rather cheeky, but smart, 'an swer, ‘was so much after Lorf Charles’ own heart and style, thal any good which the lecture might have done "was quite discounted b the morr'iment which followed, 1.13,, ‘ 1.. .-.- a: i ~.â€"- \N1q-a-;s.:~,§~g ...-.;. -_~._~. .33 » w.\_' - ’ * .JW‘V .4)” {1'33 :3" - druim. e‘ v A. s. v \: ;.‘“"b~’ “a "53*5 I: r»; :32). -.. 1.. ~“'W‘mw¢¢*mgwmg .» -. V C $3» \w.‘ ’1 -‘y-;-“ Just: 2;“ g“ sub” _';-I~