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1: :«rw‘:.r.:v!&:.~m-W= .. . .. " ' ‘9‘3":‘.“":‘~‘1:'=~;’97!"/< - :The 4., ., t, t. u, .._. \r \r t, ‘ fii‘s'mwvftw'fiv'fir'wv’wvfifi'ov'kfi’rkwfir" O Eij FARMERS ‘ 4 ism: ‘3. . le Seasonable and Profitable Hints for the Busy Tillers . of the: Soil. J‘s ‘3 5'\’.. \ I t" "z 1 l ur um}: 2 x :‘l ; I. r i K I \ / \ll \ I u, H; u; \u so \II 0 ° :l. ' :k“'7l¢°'nv°-w°'*-°~»'°e4é‘°-.c:- Ih l.\ /t i WOOD ASHES AS A FERTILIZER. I think the average farmer does not fully realize the value of wood ashes as a fertilizer, consequently they are in many instances made little or no [account of, writes Mr. J. Newell Cotton. This is a grave mistake and should be speedily remedied, f01‘ ashes allowed to waste are dollars thrown away, something farmers can 111 afford. ~Wood ashes are general- ly considered unavailable for low meadow land. My experience proves .1 this to be untrue. I consider, them fully as __emwent on damp ground as on dry land. My farm is a low brook meadow. What ashes I make and can obtain other- Wise are sown broadcast in the fall on that portion of the farm which is losing its fertillity and is mani- fest by a light, thin crop of grass. result is astonishing. The spring following the application a perfect mat of white clover comes in with an increased growth of herd’s grass. Land that was cutting threeâ€" fourths ton per acre before this apâ€" plication cut from 1:1- to two tons per acre afterward. _. The peculiar part of the process, “and what I do not understand, is ‘ .where the white clover comes from. It always comes in where it was not seen before, when it is not on any other part of the farm. The ashes are responsible for it, but how I do not know. I have sown ashes .on a clean piece of herd’s grass and the next spring there would be a thick lzottom of white clover in addition. This admixture makes admirable feed in winter for milch cows, which they respond to by filling the pails. I have no definite plan in applying ashes for grass. I simply sow on liberally and nature does the rest. The fall is the best time to topâ€" dress with grass. The winter rains and snows tend to aid assimilation. The ashes are leached down to where the grass roots are and they promptly respond. I much prefer ashes to manure for top dressing. Manure stimulates a rank growth of herd’s grass, which cows dislike, and without materially increasing the bottom growth. Again, unless you have a manure spreader, the dressâ€" ing is applied in lumps and in con- sequence the growth uneven. Ashes are fully as efficient if applied to plowed ground and stocked with grass, although the White clover ‘is not quite so much in evidence unless it is sown. at seeding. Grass is not the only crop benefitâ€" ed by ashes. They cannot be equal- ed for cultivated strawberries and are invaluable when soxvn on to the onion bed in conjunction with the droppings from the hen roost. They are beneficial to corn, applied about the stalks at the first hoeing. I do not need to mention their value for grain, especially oats. Farmers ' that have raised oats on burnc-d ground realize the ,value. More farmers are using aShes' than former- ly. The lasting qualities of ashes are remarkable. One application will make a heavy crop of hay for years. 'Their lasting qualities are far ahead of manure. FEED CLOVER FREELY. I wish to make it clear that large crops of clover cannot be continuâ€" ously removed from our lands with- out taking large amounts of pot- ash and phosphoric acid, which in time must be returned to the land .in the shape of barnyard manure, or the land will become impoverished for the want of those elements, says Mr. C. C. Pervier. It is therefore necessary that the clover grower should feed as much of .his proâ€" duct upon the farm as possible and return the manure to the land. There is far too much of the fertility of our Canadian farms being shipped away in the oats or hay, that should be convertâ€" cd into meat or dairy products where they are grown, and thus reâ€" tain the greater part of the fertility upon the farm. There is, I believe, an unjust pre- judice existing in the minds of many ‘farmers against clover hay as a: feed for horses. I prefer good clover hay to good timothy hay for work horâ€" ses or colts. It is almost a perâ€" fect in itself. It is the quality and quantity of hay and not the variety that is injurious to horses, and as they are especially fond of it, care must be taken to feed less clover than timothy, or injury may result from eicessive eating. In the dairy I have found no variety of fodder or hay equal to goo-d clover hay as a milk producer, and I have repeatâ€" edly observed that a change of clovâ€" er for timothy hay is followed by a reduced flow of milk. I would sow clover with all the small grains each year. and if not wanted for meadow the following year, 1 would plow it under in the fall or: the next spring, and believe that the increased fertility would more than pay cest of seed and laâ€" bor. As a cleansing cropfor rid- ding a farm of foul weeds, I have found nothing to equal it. By mow- ing twice a year, and the tendency of the plant to smother the young welds ‘ny its rapid and heaVy growth almost any noxious weed, except perhaps the wild morning glory, may be ewi‘icated. form of corn, wheat,. 1 I l 'lI‘e will YOU CANNOT DO IT. Do not try to be a farmer unless you are willing to do the work as Well as wear the name. Nor to pay for a famr by going in debt unless you have the sticktoitâ€" iveness to hang on through the years of economy and Sometimes of shadow which lie between you and success. Nor to think that you can win the best place in farming by sitting on the fence or at the corner store talkâ€" ing farming while somebody else who does not care what becomes of things is doing the work. Nor to imagine that you can “farm it” out of your own head without the help of the best' papers and books. Nobody ever has done that. You are no smarter than oth- er folks. Do not think you can make a start- ling success because your grandfa- ther did. It is the tub that stands on its own bottom that catches the shower. ' _ Do not depend on that foolish say- 1ng, "The world owos me a living.” The world demands value received. Have you given it? Do not lay all your troubles to bad luck. It is the man who turns even had luck to account that comes out first in the 'race. It isn’t worth while for you and me to try any of these things, for men have grown grayâ€"headed and worn themselves out, body and soul, trying them already. Why should we follow in their steps? â€"â€" DAIRY STOCK. Can you keep your temper when milking a cow, even if she hits you a‘blow right square in the eye that makes the tears come? _ A cow that will eat up all the proâ€" fits and leave the farmer no reward for his labor, nor interest on the money invested, is poor property to have around. Better trade her for an old hen and chickens. ‘ A horse is a horse. Yes, but some are more so than others. We know horses that are almost as human as any man. Kind treatment and good care develop the better part of the horse the same as they will a man. We know a man who says when he wants good company he goes out to the barn and talks with his horse. No reflection here on the folks in the house, either. The horse is a social being. He likes to be talked to and to show his feelings in return. Some horses, like some men, do not seem to look where they are go- ing when on the road or about the farm. In consequence, they often stumble and quite likely something will be broken. The driver of such a horse must hold a close rein on him and be particularly watchful for bad places. It is the misfortune of the horse and not his fault that he. makes these missteps. FEEDING PIGS. The bacon and hams must be proâ€" duced on cheap food. Let the 'hogs utilize the clover pasture; eighteen per cent. less grain is required for a given gain when the hogs run on pasture, if but a threeâ€"quarter grain ration is given with the grass. The hogs gain practically the same amount per day as when given a full grain ration without the grass. Utilize the pumpkins, apples and other fruits and vegetables that are too often wasted. The articles make capital food for the swine and they are cheap and abundant at this time of the year. Feed these succu- lent and bulky foods as a dessert af- ter the usual grain ration has been eaten. They will not interfere with the amount of grain consumed, but will increase the appetitte and tone the system. If the coarse foods are fed before the grain the swine will fill on these and not eat much grain. Let the pigs in the orchard- after apple picking, to gather the fallen fruit. Provide each pig pasture with a good~ shelter and nest, The pig likes to sleep outside on clear nights, but when a cold rain comes he likes to be where it is warm and dry. Hogs will grunt their satisfaction over a pumpkin feast. When fed pumpkins less corn is required and hey rat their corn with a better relish, it seems. , A variety in his diet suits the hog. eagerly devourâ€"small, un- saleablc potatoes and apples if given :a chance. The last of October or first of No- vember is a very good time to kill a young porker for early use. The fresh meat is relished by the hardâ€" working men. Thc cook who has grown tired of dressing chicken finds it. easier to prepare a meal. We cannot agree with farmers who think it wasteful to kill a pig early in the season when pork is high- priced. ..........__+_. FOREIGNERS DIP FIRST. aware that Brit- the seas is Few people are ain’s mistressâ€"ship of -more than an assertion, and that it is acknowledged by every nation. On entering a foreign port marine eli- quette requires a manâ€"ofâ€"war to salute the national flag by dipping its own, and in return the host lowers its flag. But no British ship dips the Union Jack until the. foreigner has first dipped his colors. In all seas, both home and foreign, Britain claims to be saluted first, and this honor is rendered by every nation as. the tribute to her sovereignty of the waves. .9- England was first divided into shircs (hiring the 7th century A.D. HDNDR TU sun (WOMEN. FEMININE “SIRS” OF SEVER- AL FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ..__.__â€"â€"â€"‘ The Services Which Won the Dis- tinctions Conferred on Them. Perhaps the best known foreign o'r- der to which women are entitled is the French Order of the Legion d’Honneur. The celebrated animal painter, Rosa Bonheur, was a memâ€" ber of the Legion d’Honneur, and Mme. Dieulafoy, the wellâ€"known ex- plorer. vho is the only woman perâ€" mitted to appear in men’s clothes, also entitled to wear the crimson ribbon. An interesting fact in con- nection with the members of the fa- mous French order is that the holdâ€" ers of the decoration are entitled to a military salute, and the sentries come out and salute the ladies thus decorated equally with the men, says the London Mail. There are in England only four or- ders for women, and these are all, with the exception of the Order of St. John" of Jerusalem, of quite re- cent institution. The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert was founded by Queen Victoria in 1862. The Im- perial Order of the Crown of India, instituted also by Queen Victoria, was founded in order to commemorâ€" ate her assumption of the title of Empress of India, and the Royal Red Cross was founded in 1883, to reward services rendered in nursing the sick and wounded of the imporâ€" ial services. The Order of St. John of Jerusalem was introduced into England in the twelfth century. The Queen is the only lady of the Order of the Garter. r AN AMERICAN LADY. After Her Majesty the Queen and princesses of the blood, perhaps the lady who is entitled to wear the most orders in this country is Mrs. George Cornwallis West, better knOWn as Lady Randolph Churchill, and curiously enough an American by birth. Mrs. West is entitled to wear the decoration of the Order of the Crown of India, the Royal Red Cross, and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. The last named honor she shares with Baroness Burdettâ€" Coutts, Georgiana. Countess of Dudâ€" ley, Miss Agnes Keyser, Countess Howe. Lady Sarah Wilson, Lady Ed- Ward Cecil and Mrs. Josccline Ba- got, all of whom rendered good ser~ vice during the late Boer war. The Marchioness of Lansdowne and the Duchess of Buccleuch are memâ€" bers of the Order of Victoria and A1- bert, to which belong all the prinâ€" cesses of England besides the Em; press of Germany, the Empress of Russia, the Queen of Roumania, and the Queen of the Netherlands. Other well-known Englishwomen who be- long to the order are Dowager Lady, Lytton, Lady Cadogan, Lady Pon- sonby, the Hon. Mrs. Malet and Lady Bi-ddu'lph. The decoration of the order (firs-t and second class) is a medallion of the late Queen and Prince Albert set in diamonds, sur- mounted by an enameled and jewel- ed crown attached to a bow of white moire ribbon. The third class of the order has the medallion set in pearls, and the fourth class an intertwined monogram of V and A in pearls. ’ The Inlpcrial Order of the Crown of India, has the sovereign at its head, and consists of princesses of the royal house, wives and other feâ€" male relativcs of princes of India, [and wives and relations of any per- son holding the office of Viceroy or territorial governorships .in India. Among the ladies entitled to wear the insignia of this order are the Marchioness of Ripon, the Dowager Lady Napier of Magdala, Countess Roberts, Lady Horace Hamilton, and others, in all over 80 European 1aâ€" dies, besides the royal princesses and about ten Indian princesses. One of the last people to be decorated with this order by Queen Victoria was {Lady Curzon, of Kedleston. The iinsignia of the Order of the Crown of India. is particularly pretty, con- isisting of her late Majesty Queen Victoria’s cipher, in diamonds, ,peurls and turquoises‘, encircled by a border of pearls, surmounted by an imperial crown enameled and jewâ€" eled, the whole being attached to a lbow of light blue watered ribbon with a white edge. ENAMELED DIAMOND CROSS. Besides Mrs. George West there are iscveral other women entitled to Ewear the little enameled crimson ‘cross which forms the simple but distinguished Iof the Royal Red Cross, among ,them Miss Nightingale of Crimean 'fame, Lady Wantuge, Iiady Rob- erts, a number of Nursing Sisters, Lady Sarah Wilson, and the Hon. Mrs. loldmann, Lord Peel’s daugh- ter. Mrs. E. J. Firth is the only woâ€" man who holds the Kaisar-iâ€"Hin-d Medal, which was instituted to re- ward imp-ortant.services rendered to the sovereign in the Indian Empire. The most ancient order actually instituted for women was the Order of the Slaves of Virtue (Ordre des Dames Esclaves de la Vertu),. feund- ed in 1662 by Eleanore of Gonzaâ€" gua, widow of Frederick 111., Em- peror of Austria, whose object it was "to encourage in the ladies of her court the sentiments of wisdom and piety.” The empress herself was grand mistress of the order. All those desirous of becoming members of the order, which was limited to thirty, had to prove their noble orâ€" igin. The Bavarian Order of Elizabeth, insignia of the Order" O .5. {a 0:":nzuzuzoozo 9:»:«20 0:. o: »:o 9.99:»: ,0} 0:00;. 0:”:bo,‘ 0:»:«:«:«:«:00:»:¢ 0:»:9 0:. 0:90:06. 0:»:‘ {o 0:”:. 9:9 9:90}; 0:. ’:‘ 0:9 0:0 I ‘z’ o? .1. ° 0.. 0:0 - 0:0 6. 0:9 0:0 ' _ ' 0:6 0 , Q :3: Alarm Over Unprotected Cables Lyme 1n Shallow Water Off y . . o ' 9 :3; the Coast of Nova Sootia- y o , ‘0‘ gt t:»:«:”:«:u:«:0oznznzwzo0:»:uznzn:oo:9 ¢:«:»:»:oo). 180:0 c:«:«:o 0:9 0:") 0} €«:«:«:. 0:»:»} {o 0:0 9:09} 0:0 0:.) England has just awakened to an- other danger that confronts her. It is one of serious moment to Great Britain. Up to the present. no de- vice has been suggested whereby this danger may be obviated. The facts have been known for some time at the admiralty, but it is only lately that the main details have been reâ€" vealed to the general public. . As the matter looks at present it seems entirely within the bounds of possibility that at the first outbreak of war against Great Britain the empire Would be paralyzed by cut- ting her lines for the transmission of information, the British cables all lying in shallow water in a small area off the coast of Nova Scotia. At a single stroke, delivered by any fast steaming cruiser or ocean- going tug, the Pacific fleets rendez- vousing at Esquimault, on the Pa- cific coast, and at Halifax and Ber- muda, on the Atlantic seaboard, would find themselves out off from Whitehall. They could receive no news from headquarters either as to the plans of the enemy or orders as to their own movements. All of Canada Would be cut off as well as the West Indies. The Can- adian Pacific Railway Would be practically worthless for the mili- tary purposes for which it was large- Pougier Quartier (French), one ca- ble, from Brest to St. Pierre, but passing Newfoundland in shoal wa- ter. Generale (French), one cable, from Brest to Cape Cod, but not passing Newfoundland in shoal water. German, one .cable, from Emden via Azores 'to Cape Cod, but not passing Newfoundland in shoal wa- ter. As the German cable runs partly through Pertuguese territory it is regarded as unreliable and practical- ly valueless to England - in war time. It is true there are two ca- bles from Lisbon to Brazil via the Cape Verde Islands, .but their con- nections are so complicated and un- reliable because of the countries in which the terminals are situated that they would scarcely be availed of in war time, even if they escaped being wrecked. They can therefore be disregarded. Attention is called to the recent decision of the United States Su- preme Court to the effect that those interested in the British cable be- tween Manila and Hong Kong had no redress from the American Gov- ernment for the destruction of their property and the loss to their busiâ€" ness involved by Admiral Dewey’s tearing up that'cable when he seiz- * cursor: at...- .r. I ,.y-.â€". -,.,.-.:... up... CABLES CONVERGING I N SI-IALLOW WATER. ly constructed. By cable cutting the widely scattered British possessions would be isolated from the home G o vernment. , The article in which some of these facts have been revealed in the cur- rent number of’the Fortnightly Re- view, points out the grave danger in which such a possibility places Great Britain in. connection With a war with the United States. Canso, where the cables converge after their longvjourney under the Atlantic, is not far from our northern naval sta- tions on the Atlantic. It is Withâ€" in easy striking distance from the Kittcry navy yard. In one day it is estimated a vesâ€" sel could destroy all the British transâ€"Atlantic cables, thereby placâ€" ing Canada and the West Indies at the mercy of the enemy and leaving the British fleets at Esquimault, Halifax and Bermuda without means of communication with London or even ‘with each other. In the case of France it is pointed out that the danger'is even more serious, for while the exact location of the British cables is known, that of the French cables is unknown exâ€" cept to the French Government, While many of the British cables ac- tually pass through French territory on the island of St. Pierre. At the time of the Fashoda affair, the Adâ€" miral Courbet, a. French warship hovering in this locality, created consternation in British naval cir- cles, for it Was believed she had the single mission of cutting the Engâ€" lish and American cables the mo- ment War was declared. THE CABLES. Stretching along the Atlantic bed toâ€"day are twelve cables, ten Of them being American and British, with two French, while one German cable is being completed from the Azores. These cables are as fol- lows: Angloâ€"American, four cables, from west of Ireland to Newfoundland, Commercial, three cables, from west of Irelandvto Nova Scotia, but pass-ing Newfoundland in shoal wa- ter. Direct United States, from west of Ireland to Nova tia. but passing Newfoundland shoal water. Western Union, two cables, from Cornwall to Nova Scotia, but pass ing Newfoundland ir. shoal water. one Cable, Scoâ€" in 1766 bythe Electress Elizabeth Augusta, had an exclu- sively charitable raisondd’ctre, and the Order of Queen Marie Louise (1792) was: of a similar nature, and imposed habits of kindness to the poor and-charity upon the members of the order. founded in Lady Giles-ham, who was one of the chief organizers of the Imperial Yeomenry Hospital in South Africa, is- entitled to wear the famous Red Cross (an honor which she shares with Miss Florence Nightingale) and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. All the orders mentioned have been much in evidence during the corona- tion festivities. M ed Manila bay. No country at war with England would, it is believed, hesitate to strike at her cables and would cut them where they lie of‘f Canso, as ,Well as those of the Amer-- ican companies. GETTING NEWS AT SEA. In the case of France it is pointed out that a warship at sea might pick up the Brest cable, (the loca- tion of which is known only to the French officials), could thereby com- municate with the home Government and learn if war had been declared, and would receive instructions as to precisely what to do, rep-airing the French cable before her departure to sever the enemy’s Wires. _ The British navy is supposed to be competent to protect the cables landing at the Cornwall and Conâ€" naught coasts, While cable cutting in deep water is only possible to ex- ports on regular slowâ€"going cable ships, whose movements would un- doubtedly be Watched by Britain. It is therefore pointed out that the ideal scene of operations is on this side, where the cables lie altogether [in shallow water and are unprotect- ed, even warships being drawn from the vicinity for the greater part of the year. Says P. T. McGrath, the writer in 'the Fortnightly Review: “France, the power from . which England has most to fear in this re- lspect, has a readyâ€"made base of op- lerations for such an undertaking ir iher colony of St. Pierre-Miquelon, iof‘f the south coast of Newfound- iland. The cables from Brest land 'at St. Pierre, and three of/the Bri~ tish cables pass through it on route from Newfoundland to Canada. It 'might thus be promptly made the point of a counter attack, though, as France has no territorial inter- ests in this hemisphere, save the Miquelon rocks, England would gain very little by that. St. Pierre in the possession of France is a per- petual menace to the security of the ,British cables, and it will be from that quarter the blow will come, when come it does. It was there the Admiral Courbet l‘CilClOZVOUSC‘d for weeks in 1899: it is there the French warships in North America spend the fishing season: it is there the cableâ€"cutting venture could be launched most speedily, and with the best prospects of success at any seaâ€" son of the year.” HOW ’ TO KEEP YOUN G. of the secrets of keeping vigorous and suppleâ€"jointed, is to continue to practice the ac- tivities of youth, and to refuse to allow the mind to stiffen the muscle: by its suggestion of age limitations. If men like Peter Cooper and Wm. E. GladstoncL who kept up the vi- tal‘izing exercises of robust manhood when far into ’the eighties, had suc- cumbed at 40 to the thought of ap- proaching age, how much of their valuable life-work would have re. mained undone! One young, â€"â€"â€"¢ Less than one acre in 100 in Nor- way is used for gramâ€"growing. w ,.v.y...[... . . .,s \M .-':‘-#\r"4<‘-«4f«¢. ’5 .a- ‘ “M”. “r 1.. w fi‘VVde ( $9,"; “agavefinyevav-w- an .~ - .vw_.-\ ‘v‘V’V‘f- \r , A .- .‘adt .U, ‘,:«,~_4.’Mޢw“wr‘