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“v. .,,-. ‘ even MILK PRODUCING FUNCTIONS. Of all the functions of the animal organism, none has been more modi- fied than that of milk production. The milk prOducing cow of to-day is an artificial development. Her power to elaborate milk far exceeds what nature designed. Her mother- ly functions, rarely kept up in a state of nature more than five or six months, are now taxing her sys- tem ten, eleven, and sometimes twelve months of the year. This unusual development of the milking functions has also favored the development of the nervous system. In fact, the function of re- production and its natural se- quence, the formation of milk seems to be closely correlated to the norâ€" vous system. Just how the milk is formed, just what influence the food constituents exert on the quality of the milk. are questions which bafile our best scieotists. , All we can say toâ€"day, isthat the constituents of the milk are built up out of the blood, into the cell structure of the udder, and that these cells are again broken down to form the milk. The wonderful de- velopment of the blood vessels in and about the udder, which carry the necessary fluid for the developâ€" ment of the milk helps to show the great 'drain which the work of this organ must cause on the energy of the animal. Her power to elaborate milk is indicated, to a. certain deâ€" gree, by tlte size and substance of this organ. . . The size. and substance of the ud- der, however, when taken as evi- dence of Several of the standards for thor- oughbred stock by breeders’ asso- ciations call for a straight back, back level to the SETTING OF THE TAIL. The two points which most strik- ingly indicate ment. are a broad, clear, prominent eye, and loose, open condition ' of the spinal column with a prominent pelvic ar-ch. This loose, open con- dition of the vertebrae of the spinal column is almost always accom- panied by a somewhat hollowing back and a decided prominence at the pelvic arch. ‘ ’ A cow of a decidedly nervous make-up is almost always thin in flesh, usually rather too much so to please the fancy buyer. But if in connection with a strong, nervous temperament, she also, has a powerâ€" ful digestive system, she will turn her energies almost entirely to the production of milk and butter. As we have already indicated, the selection of valuable dairy cows. is not wholly a. matter of breed, nor is it a matter of families within a breed, but must rather be the re sults of a study or individuals. There are many. meritorious dairy animals whose names have never been found in the herd books. In fact, about the only point wherein thoroughbred stock has adv not possessed by grades, is in the greater degree of certainty with which their valuable qualities are transmitted. The majority of dairymen will not be brcedeis of thoroughbred stock, either from choice or lack of capi- tal, but every practical dairynian’ should be a, student of the dairy a nervous develop- . aeoeaseeeooeeceeaoaeee KITCHEN HELPS. If you are planning a new house, he sure to arrange everything in the kitchen as conveniently as possible, even if the parlor is not as elabor- ately furnished or decorated as you would like. The kitchen is the workroom of the house, the room in which the average housekeeper spends the most of her time, and it should be pleasantly located and well lighted, for nothing is more disâ€" agreeable than a dark, gloomy kitâ€" chen. Of course its arrangement must be left to the individual taste, for every woman who has kept house a few years has her own ideas as to_ what she likes in her kitchen; still there are a few general rules that will apply to all of them. When the kitchen is used only for cooking, and separate rooms have been provided for dining room and ' laundry, it should be a small room. Have the sink and wood-box close to the stove, so the trips back and forth while replenishing the fire and washing the dishes will ’be as short as possible. There should be a door opening into the dining room, an- other into the pantry, and a, third into the 'cellar, stairway. An ar- rangement which one housekeeper antages finds very convenient is a cupboard built in the partition, with a ,door opening into the kitchen and anothâ€" er into the dining room. The cupâ€" board reaches from the ceiling half way to the floor. Below this are drawers, some opening into one room and some into the other. The kitchen floor has been the sub- ject of much anxious thought. Carâ€" pets are out of place, and oil cloth this method you will never return to the old way of putting the quince in- to the hot syrup and boiling till it is as hard as a chip. Quince Marmaladeâ€"Quince mar- malade may ,be made of the smaller, inferior fruit, though “the best is good enough” for a superior arâ€" ticle. Pare, 'quarter, core and weigh ~the fruit. Put the cores, seeds and parings into water enough to cover them, and stew till thor- ougth done. Squeeze through a. jel- ly bag. Put the quinces into this liquid and boil till thoroughly done, stirring often to prevent burning. Allow three-fourths of a pound of sugar to a pound of fruit, warm the sugar, stir it into the quince, cook ten minutes; put into glasses and seal by pas-ting paper over it after it has become cold. Grape Juiceâ€"Take twenty-five lbs. of well-ripened Concord grapes, pick from the stems, put on the back of the swim, and let them heat up slowly, without water, till the juice starts. When thoroughly cooked turn into stout jelly bags and drain off the juice without. squeezing. Let stand till well settled, then pour off the juice without disturbing the set- tlings add to the juice four pounds of the best granulated sugar, heat to the boiling point, skim thorough- ly, and can like fruit, or if you pre- fer, bottle it, and seal the'bottles. . ....â€"._‘.. CLEANING RIBBONS. Fill a glass fruit jar about three- fourths full of gaSOIine, put in your soiled ribbons of any kind or color, except white; screw the cover down as tightly as possible. Leave the ribbons in for three or four hours; long ago taken his wistfully up and asking, as plainly as any dog could, to be noticed. The train was delayed while his Majesty, reopening the along, old man,” and Tim, heedless of the time-table, leaped beside his patron in the carriage, whence he did not emerge until his collecting box had been enriched. hangs on apartments was introduced jesty to Princess Henry of Battenâ€" berg, and her daughter Princess Ena, and went through the ordeal becoming dignity. r He also attracted the attention of Mr. W. W. Astor, quent contributor to his box on his journeys to and from Taplow Court. Mr. Astor made handsome present Of a cheque for $1,000 on the occasion on the ing of age of his son four years ago; ;'5.0%...39955.“egg...§.a.§;...Â¥.,.%,.€ 1,, :Wg larger development of the barrel . . ~. . . , ' - 7? . ‘ “*1 Just in front of the udder than is §°§w$¢w660666090900069 gfiu‘iailéz‘toafiewmggmoit T. IN THE ROYAL d page phhhhhg mam; 333g Thg a THE - ‘ To of war ‘2..Y«f§.§1.p‘;i;l°g§.. ‘ ' ' " 55" as shown by a. c£o§é~s£c€f§rys awful o 006 6’ ter m WhiCh they were COORCd allow partures at Paddington' He Seem" , 53$ ‘_‘" the largest pa‘rt 01. the barrgl 10W 2 e three-quarters of a poumfl 0f 51181113 ed to divine the reason why carpet ’: 2: 5 M 7‘." down qnd 'ust in front f th ud. 9 . 9 bou t9 9* “Ch syrup, put “1 the qu'm" was laid on the platform for there .7 ’ ‘ easona e and profitable ~91 der A‘ fl tJ 'd d ‘ o e 9""?- ’ a “‘3' Summer very gently on the bad‘ he Would sit with his nose between lgg ’ mats for the Busy Tillers *1 .. aI-Si e form. of the bar- 9 - Recipes for the Kitchen. Q of the stove till transparent, or hi d f t b d u g of the 50“. 3h rel ‘lS deCJdedly objectionable. and a Hygiene and Other Note a nearly so, carefully fin into jars, and If paws an re use 0 u‘ 3°. WI 1 198%.” U H \ K H U U U indicates a lack of assmflative ®_.,' for the Housekeeper. . fill up with} the syrup after bdiling t 9 Royal travelers came' ' - ~kufiro-fiae.,fi...,§.oޢo-gkw5k-oukog power_ 3.9- ,, . ., _ ' He never needed a second inVita- a 1" down 1f necesgary' If you try tion to enter the Royal saloon. Not the King, after having seat, saw Tim gazing door, cried: ‘ 'Come dislocation of the official Royal A picture of "Tim" in oils .now the walls of the King's in Buckingham Palace, and so successful is the portrait that his Majesty commissiofied the artist to execute a painting of his favorite Irish terrier “Jack,” between whom and “Tim” blance. there was some resem- “Tim” was a general Royal fav- orite, and his death will be deplored by none more keenly than the young- er princes and princesses who had occasmn journeys to and from Windsor. One day Mr. from Queen Victoria to have “Tim” in readiness on the Pad-dington platâ€" to make frequent railway Bush received a telegram Whe'n the train arrived “,Tim” by her late .Maâ€" orm. with who was a. fre- ‘ ‘Tim’ ’ the very com- For many years “Tim” was held an economical milk proâ€" form and of d‘ -r t e... B the . ‘ ducer, is often deceptive. selection of theulgest 3tlio‘iiouglibred is CXPCU-‘yive and not Very durable- Shaking the jar several times in the b3, IL)thdrpiscmevol?S boys Who Infect ‘ . 7 . , 7 ' , The best finish is either aint or oil. mc‘tlntime- Then take (mt the rib' e a mgton m greater respeo THE AMOUNT or MILL. males on the one Side, and the 1’ bong, shake out each one separately, than they accorded the station po- produced for the first few months after calving is usually indicated by a. large“ and capacious udder. when the cow is “fresh,” but persistence in milk production, a most valuable quality, cannot be judged by the udder capacity of the cow. To the producer of dairy stock for sale, the question of breed is one of prime importance. The general quantity and quality of the proâ€" ducts of the different breeds will vary not a little, and should be carefully considered by every dairyâ€" inan before deciding on the best breed for a farticular purpose. _ Unprejudiced experience, as well as the results of experiments, indicate that on the whole the Holsteins and Ayrsliires are characteristically milk-producing breeds, while the Jerseys and the Guernseys are char- acteristically butter breeds. I This does not imply that there Aare no good butter cows among the Holsteins or Ayrshircs, nor that the J et‘seys or Guernseys are always unprofitable for the milk production. It simply means that the general tendency among the Holsteins and Ayrshires is to produce large quan- titics of _I_ni]k, rather low in per cent. of butter fat, while the Jer- seys and the Guernseys- produce much smaller amounts of milk, of a. relatively high percentage of butter fat. ’ When all is said, that may reason~ ably be said regarding the merits of typical dairy form on the part of the cow, a strain of as valuable stock, when measured by their pro- ducts, may, in the course of a few generations, be produced, as can be found among the best thorough- breds with lengthy pedigrees. METHOD IN FAILM WORK. Lack of time is an excuse often given. for the neglect of farm work, whlile the real trouble is lack of ability to arrange work so as to avoid loss of time. City business men with great interests and re- sponsibilities train themselves to think and work systematically, doâ€" ing as much in the five or six hours spent at their desks as others do in‘ a. day by haphazard methods. Here and there a farmer is found who has a reputation for getting along with his work better than others. It may not be his physical strength‘, superior teams and tools or favorably situated farm, but merely the knack of doing things. A man of this type acts as ginger and pepper sauce for a whole neighâ€" borhood. Through his example other farmers are stirred up, perhaps un- consciously, to do better work. His influence on the young is of great value. A farm community without men of this stamp is in a bad way. Things drag along year after year, and the young grow up without anything to spur them on to betâ€" ter things. In the city a young man Paint can be purchased already mix- ed in almost any color you may se- lect. Apply two coats giving the first plenty of time to ‘dry before putting on the second. Some who have tried painted floors have comâ€" plained that the paint does not wear well. This is due. to the. way it‘has been cleaned. It is not necessary to use a scrubbing brush, boiling waâ€" ter, lye nor salsoda. Heat the waâ€" ter until luke warm, dissolve a little powdered borax in it, and enough good soap to make a suds. The mop should be be of soft flannel or knit underwear. The borax makes the cleaning easy without injuring the paint. If oiled floors are pre- ferred to painted ones, get a gallon of linseed oil and a. large brush. Heat a quart of oil at a time, and apply it almost boiling. Two or three coats are necessary, and the floor should be thoroughly clean and dry before you begin work. HOW TO CURE CORNS. When the feet are pressed into tight fitting shoesâ€"high heels make the pressure greatcrâ€"- by adding friction we have a. needle-like point formed in the skin; and the greater the pres:- sure the deeper the point will grow. The best preventive remedy known is really to go barefooted; but since this is not considered ethical in civâ€" ilized life. we uill give a few $4539.â€" ple remedies which may be of some value for the afflicted. and hang over 5; clean white cloth in the open air; leave them exposed to the air and sunshine until all odor has disappeared. No pressing will be necessary. Pour off the clear liceman. realize when a loiterer had no law- ful business, and would immediately give chase.- He instinctively seemed to CURIOUS STORIES . gasoline into your tank and empty out the dirt which will have settled in bottom of jar. The same gaso- line can be returned to the jar if one wishes, keeping it tightly covered. It will do to use several times. White ribbons turn yellow when cleaned with gasoline and for these prepare a suds of hikeâ€"warm water and ivory soap. Wash them as you would a. fine handkerchief, do not wring, but squeeze them through the fingers. Rinse and let them parâ€" tially dry. Take down while still damp and roll smoothly over a wide cardâ€"board, rolling a strip of white cloth with it. Have the cloth long enough to cover the ribbon entirely and place the whole under a heavy weight. Leave them until they have had time to dry. The ribbon will come out fresh and clean and in much better shape than when ironed. “Tim” had a great love for horses. Once a horse fell down in the shafts of a heavy van, and after every hu- man effort to get him up failed spectator, from the footpath, walle ed between the prostrate animal’s legs and ' hit him gently but firmly on the hock. The effect was electri- cal,.tlie horse springing to his feet, and amid the plaudits of the by- standers “Tim” walked quietly away serene in the superiority of canine intelligence. . On another occasion an exasperat- ed cabman was unduly belaboring a refractory horse,: and Mr. Bush, an indignant eye-witness, was on the point of interfering when “Tim,” divining his intention, sprang at the driver’s coat and hauled him to the ground. On arising the cabman was too astonished or abashcd to make any rejoinder to Mr. Bush’s Com- ment: “I was just coming across to give you the same lesson.” Three times “Tim” stood his mas- ter in good stead when attacked in the course of his duty by station roughs. His procedure was always the same. He would hang on to the man’s coat and pull him to the ground, but never bite. Poor “Tim” is now HINTS TO HOUSEKEEPERS. There is nothing equal to finely- s~ifted coal ashes for brightening ineâ€" tals of all kindsâ€"brass, tin, copper, nickel. Rulb over with a damp cloth dipped in the ashes. ‘ Sometimes the soap is too greasy and there is no time to let it cool and remove the fat in the usual way. Every particle of fat can be removed in the hands difTercnt breeds, however, we often is sure to have whatever latent amâ€" 1. Place on the corn a piece of from hot broth by passing it through of the taxidermist, and will soon bition is in him aroused. The strug- cold, moist linen folded 50"01'31 a, clean white cloth, wet in cold \‘aâ€" occupy a prominent DOSiUOn Wider find there are about as great differ- ences between individuals within a breed, as between individuals of dis-i tinctive breeds. Every producer of thoroughbred stock knows something regarding the relative value of families or strains within his chosen breed, but when we have made a close and families, wei study of breeds still find INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES which greatly modify the productive value of the animals. In fact, it seems a matter to be regretted that SO many of the high-priced strains of thoroughbred steel: are high- priced more as a matter of fancy than as a matter of individual merit as indicated by productiveness. 1n the end we must come down to 'the matter of selection and indiâ€" vidual merit, as indicated by proâ€" ductiveness, as the true basis upon which to build up the herd. The matter of selection may apply well to the selection of ordinary grade stock, as well as the selection of animals for breeding. It has long been known that there are certain gle for position is so great that he must either move on or see others pass him, a hard thing fora selfâ€" respecting young man to endure. RI CH LA ND. The man that dreams of farming always imagines himself owning rich land. There is no other kind that it is a pleasure to till. There is no other kind that will yield a profit from the operation of tillage. The richness of land regulates the value of the farm both in the market and in the operation of farming. Yet in the face of this well-known fact, millions of acres of our most valuâ€" able and productive land have been allowed to deteriorate in fertility. The great problem of how to bring them back to their former state of fertility is one with which the best of scientists are working. It is not practical for a man to buy enough stable manure or commercial ferâ€" ‘tilizeis to at once bring back his land to its original state. A few facts in relation to the composition of the soil helps us in determining times, wrap it,up in 'dry linen, then go to bed. With this treatment the hard epidermis swells up, and after six or eight hours the outer coverâ€" ing'of the corn can be removed with a dull knife. When this treatment has been followed for three or four days, a small needle-like growth (the corn) can be extracted without pain or bleeding. 13y washing the feet oft'en in'cold water the tender place will heal rapidly. After getting rid of this corn it is well to wear shoes which are neither too large nor too small, so as to avoid excessive presâ€" sure or friction: 2. In place of the linen a crust of bread soaked in vinegar may be apâ€" plied. 3. The best application is to soak a whole onion twentyâ€"four hours in vinegar. then apply one of the layâ€" ers of the onion to the corn and keep it in place by a bandage through the night. After repeating this procedure a few times, the corn can be removed without. any trouâ€" ble. By either of these simple apâ€" plications this troublesome agent Can be removed Without any danger a glass case in Paddington Station. It was a similar figure in Brighton Station that ten years ago gave Mr. Bush the idea of turning "Tim" to charitable uses when he was little more than a puppy. “Tim’s” last day‘on duty was on August 22, when he collected 50 cents. He was bitten by a bulldog some time ago, and the wound, nev- er properly healing, hastened his death. +â€" “Women are hard to understand. I told her she carrled her age well, ter. All the fat will remain on the cloth, and may be obtained by scrapâ€" ing or by putting the cloth into hot water. - Some time when you are in doubt what to have for supper try this: Scald a pint of fine cornmeal in boiling milk; add a little salt and let it simmer half an hour. Drop from a spoon on a hot griddle and brown on both sides. Eat with butter and syrup. ~+â€" “Tim,” who had been an interested 4 LONDON lllllll ll-S EUR “Jill” .â€" TI-IIS DOG EARNED $4,000 DOL- LABS. Collected Donations for the Rail- way Servants’ Widows and Orphans’ Fund. Tim, the most successful canine mendicant that ever wagged a tail in the (ause of charity, is dead, says the London Daily Mail. He was an Airedale terrier, and belonged to Mr. Bush, the almost equally wellâ€" and she was offended." “Was she, really ?” “Yes; and then I told her she didn’t carry it.well, and she Wouldn’t speak.” “I guess that ain’t inc,” said lit- tle Ralph, as he gazed earnestly a1 a photograph of himself. “What maka you think it isn't ?” asked his mother. "'Cause it’s standin' still too long to be me," was the reply. “Did you ever stop to think," said the village shopkeeper, recent- ly,, as be measured out half a pecl of potatoes, "that these potatoei C‘Xtcrnnl poiints in the animal Whicn the host course to pursue' one or of lJlOOd POiS'On, and, "free 0f . . contain sugar, water, 'and starch ?" are indicativepf other ponits of these facts is that the poverty of chmwc ,. knOWn Great Western Railway inâ€" ..No, I didn’t replied the boy, “I I ‘ value, which in and of themselves, the land comes principally from the a ' __ specter at Pa-ddington. iFoi- more heard father say that you put ma, ‘1 cannot well be judged. all breeders' associations exhaustion of the plant food that is not at once available. In the proâ€" noqus'ri'c RECIPES. than ten years Tim has cheerfully trotted from train to train with a and beans in your collee, and aboui a pint of water in every quart o Nearlv . . . . . . have their standards for judging 0055 of years the new unavailable Sweet Apple Pickleâ€"Take four box tied around his lleck‘lllVILIDg" milk you sell". The subject of m. 1 animals of their particular breeds. plant food becomes available, some pounds- sweet apples, pared and donations to the Railway Servants tuml philosophy was dropped. A It is a. different matter to say just. each year. We have but to put back quartered. Make a syrup of three WidOWS and OrphansIund. The 1 g sum total of his collections . exceeds what weight should be given to the Various points which are known to be, or thought to be, indicative of dairy qualities. In the light of rezent developments of science, however, it seems to many careful students of dairying that a revision of the standards of judging is now of greater signifi- cance than has been given to them in the past, are the digestive and assiniil-ative capacity of the animal, as indicated mainly by the size and shape of the barrel, and the other, the nervous system of the animal. A careful study of cows which ha») been noted for a large ummugt of ,dairy products. will show a mu 111 on the soil year by year as much as we take off in the way of fer- tilizer to. gradually bring back the land‘ to a rich condition, by the annual incrcase of available plant food from natural causes. This is a slow process, but it is far better than no process of recuperation. M“... DIS APPOINTED DUCKS. The‘absence of water, owing to the great drought, led a flight of ducks at Cobar, New South Wales, to make a strange mistake. They were seen to descend on to the shiny sur- face of a galvanized iron roof and make desperate clitoris {a swim. pounds of sugar and a pint of vine- gar, half an ounce of stick cinnaâ€" mon and a quarter ounce of whole cloves. Put the fruit in the syrup, after skimming it, and cook gently till tender; boil dOWn thesyrup, fill .up the cans and seal. If the apples are inclined to be tough, steam them till partly done first. Pears and peaches can be pickled by this re- cipe. ’ Preserved Quinces.â€"â€"Pare, quarter and core nice large quinces, dropping the pieces, as you prepare them, in- to cold water. When all are done, drain and weightheni. Put into a pre- serving pan, cover with boiling wa- ter, and cook till a straw will peneâ€" $4,000. Tim numbered his patrons among the highest in the land, and frequent- 1y came in for Royal recognition. He was an especial favorite of‘ Queen Victoria, who on five separate occa- sions called Tim to her and placed a golden coin in his box. On the last occasion that her late Majesty took notice to Tim she called him and his master into the Royal sa- loon, and, patting the dog on the head, said: “I hope they treat you kindly, Tim.”- Tim’s clear eye and healthy coat always bore eloquent testimony to the care that was taken of him. _..___.+.____v PAPER "STRAl ” HATS. A novelty in “straw hats” i promised by French batters for nex season. Straw hats are to be mad in future of paper. There will b two kinds of strawecolored hats; u cheap one, to be obtained at th modest price of fivepence, and more expensive one, to be bought fa half a crown. The latter looks e3 actly like the genuine article. Th paper of which it is made is unteai able, and unalllccted by rain. Th hats are being manufactured u Lyons. i i, Z