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training UF SPAIN. TEL? Lilli) OF ROMANCE. PALACESl *J‘ED DUNGEONS. ’ Where Terrible Tor-sures Were Freely ln- , fueled-System Even Now Par Behind the Age and a Disgrace to Civilisation â€"â€"story so Full or Human Pain and Despair Tbs-l a Careful Peruse] Must Add to the Sorrow of Nations. It may be that the Oriental-Moorish l traits which are so marked in the characters of the men of Spain have much to do with the careless indifference which is extended i to the prison system of the great Spanish peninsula Popularly speaking, Spain has been looked upon as a country ofromance. Music singing and dancing are supposed tobe the national amu-emenis. Whenever one thinks of the peninsula there comes visions of the bolero, fandango and the siquidilla, danced to the pleasing phrasmgs of the cithern or guitar. Then the mind roams toward the great palaces and parks, with the outward show and glitter which takes one back to the days when Spain was the European power, and was mighty for good or evil in the world’s progress. But from this picture the mind soon turns. The joy and happy carelessness of the average Spaniard is soon felt to be but the result of partial education, and it is soon seen that beneath every palace is to be found the dark shade of a dungeon. PRISONS AND PALACES. So it is that Spain, like no other country on the face of the globe, is a monarchy of prisons and palaces. It is filled with out- ward show of luxury and refinement, but beneath the Veneer is the present system of the country, which even today has not yet shaken off the curse of private revenge which it early bore. All through Spain of to-day can be seen the relics of yesterday, when kings. bishops, lords or monks, as soon as in power, built dungeons and stored them with instruments of torture, ostensibly to suppress crime, but in reality to either distort- power or inflict revenge. To walk the streets of fair Madrid in grand old Spain is to see on all hands signs of the brutality which made up the rings of iron and steel, the letters and cells, the horrible instruments of the torture which marked the Inquisition, and also marked the old penal system of the past. ABUSES STILL. The torture has been done away with so far as its more physical pain is concerned. But still. Spanish jusuce is barbaric and out of date. The punishments of the present can be divided into nine heads. Briefly reduced to a new statement, they are as follows: 1. Death. '2. Hard labor for life. Hard labor for a term of years. 4. Reclusion for life. 5. Reclusion for a term of years. 6. Relegation for life. 7. Relegation for a term of years. 8. Banishinent for life. 9. Banishment for a term of years. DEATH PENALTY. The death penalty is always carried out by the garrote, a form of punishment which is nearest akin to that of electrocu- tion, so far as celerity is concerned. Nearly all of the death sentences are executed in the Pradera de ls. Ysidro, in Madrid. All executions are public, and are usually held early in the morning. The criminal is alwavs mounted on the back of a tiny Spanish donkey and goes to the place of execution in a procession which consists of citizens, priests and soldiers. Prior to leaving the prison in which the condemned has been confined mass is cele- brated, and the death sentence is read to the guilty wretcli. When the prisoner reaches the place of execution, he mounts a scaffold, a black handkerchief is tied over his face and he is manacled to a chair. Then around his neck is placed the band of the garrote. Two turns of a powerful thumb- screw crushes the neck of the victim, and almost severe the head from the body. DEATH IXSTA NTANEOUS. Death is claimed to be absolutely instan- taneous. After the execution, the body of the victim is allowed to remam for several hours in plain view of the crowds which have seen the accomplishment of the deed of justice. All executions arelooked upon by the lower Spaniard as being excellent entertainment. The prisons in the peninsula itself are all of them small, badly arranged and greatly lacking in hygienic conditions. There is no attempt made to separate the criminal guilty of a petty crime from the hardened convict, and the entire systemis, therefore, fatal to ll8.lllll and morals. Nearly all the prisons consist in the interior of vaulted apartments, each divided into several Iquare cells, about ten feet in height, and which stand in two rows, one above the other. In the upper cells a dim ray of light falls through a narrow barred window. The low. er cell is much darker. Each cell has two doors. The outer one is of heavy iron, and is always solid and is kept closed. FOOD PASSED IN. The inner door, which is bound in iron, has a grate through which food is passed to a prisoner. The food is absolutely lnsnfli- I cicnt. Prisoners awaiting trial are allowed ten cents a day for rations, and this sum can only buy soup and black bread. Little clothing is given the criminal. He wears a yellow shirt, blouse, jacket, and trousers, with s cap and sandals of twisted Spanish broom. But, as the State only furnishes occasion- al supplies of clothing, the criminal is r1, . / ‘~’&g the sewerage systems of all the prisons are entered the institution. If she enters forl Isqul ed facto , or three lactoch was. .T so bad that the cells are filled always with her first term with but a single crime as l therepghould begs been but on an awful odor. In some of the lower cells of most (.I the prisons there stands several inches of loathsome filth made by the sewage. But there can be a snrcease from all this horror in case the convict has money. Prisoners can buy extra food and private rooms. Ill treatment, which is a common occurrence in all Spanish prisons can be ,bought ofl'. The system of paying for extras is called exploitation, and if enough money is at hand a prisoner, can even buy the privilege of visiting cafes or theatres just as if he Were free. But the poor pris- oner must live or die, as his constitution determines, in the hell which is called a Spanish prison, with no hope of an escape from the terrors of his situation. BULL FIGHTERS FOB GUARDS- Much the same state of affairs exists in the detentional prisons, which are called carcels. While magistrates and judges visit this class of prisons once a week, they hardly ever attempt to alleviate their condition, and as many of the guards are drawn from the ranks of bull fighters, the abuse of the prisoners is absolutely sicken-' lug. In the detentional prisons the average bed of a convict is a bit of tissue of Spanish broom. Be is fed upon the product of eight cents a day and is always half starved. The bastinado is the usual form of pun- ishment. This consists of wnipping with heavy rods and is so often dealt out that a prisoner never esCapes a week without at least one whipping. Chaining in painful positions, reprimand and disagreeable labor make up the usual list of authorized punishments, but so brutal are the jailers that the history of the life of a Spanish prisoner is one long agony,in which physical abuse is the keynote. OFFICIAL STA FF. All the prisons are officered by a com- mandant, major and adjutant, with four sergeants. The prison population is called aforce. But usually the prison manage- ment is turned over by the commandant and his aids to the sergeants, who are appointed from the ranks of the prisoners. No convict is ever selected for the rank of prison sergeant who has not served part of a term of imprisonment for homicide or assassination, and he holds his office upon his record for brutality alone. The more brutal he is the better he is appreci- ated by his superiors. The strictly penal prisons of the kingdom are absolutely bestial in their lack of accommodations. It was only a few years ago that the civilized world was shocked at the falling in of the penal prison of Corunns. It was an old building, and was so overcrowded that it collapsed and hundreds of prisoners were either killed or grievously wounded. DISIIONEST OFFICIALS. But to sum up the exact state of prison management in Spain, it is only necessary to state that a few years ago six chiefs of prisons, two snb~chiefs and six or seven sergeants had criminal suits started against them for their dishonesty while in office. As far as possible the Spanish Govern- ment sends all of her greater criminals to her great convict coloniesin Africa, or in the Canary or Balearic Islands. In the few towns which remain to Spain from her- once conquest of Northern Africa she houses her desperate convicts. They are hardly a fitting relic of the once magnifi- cent colonial empire of the kingdom. _ The largest penal colony of the Kingdom is on the two islands of the Baleares, situated in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Valen- cia, in Spain. There the convicts are housed like dogs in kennels. Day and night they are forced to wear chains 8. foot long, which are suspended from a girdle . rmsos aas’ worm. They work in the cultivation of wheat, barley, yams, dates and figs, and in coffee plantations, the result of their labor being shipped to Europe, when in African colo- nies, and till the soil for its products equally in Canary and Balearic Islands. The largest penal colony in the Canary Islands is on the island of Fuerteventura, which is sixty-three square leagues in dimensions and has a population of 9,000, nearly all being convicts. Deportation to these penal colonies is made in the most shiftless and cruel man- ner. From all parts of Spain the prisoners who are to be'sent to the penal colonies are marched through rain or snow to the Sladero, or detentional prison, at Madrid. 1hen they are marched, with insufficient clot-hes and with absolutely no provision for food, to Valencia. HERDED LIKE CATTLE. Here they are shipped to the colonies in old antiquated ships, which are overcrowd- ed to the verge of positive danger. Herded like cattle in pens, beaten by ignorant and brutal soldiers, they go to a living death in the colonies Where stripes are given more often than food, and where brutality is vis- ited with the smiles of superior officers. No wonder that suicide is the natural thought of the usual Spanish convict. The Spanish penal colonist, however, has at least not to face the horrors of the im- prisonment his unfortunate brother has to suffer in Spain itself. In the home prisons there is only a fitful industry apparent. LAZINESS PROV BRBIAL. The inaction of a Spaniard is proverbial, and this extends to prison work. A sem- blance of labor is carried on, to be sure, in the prisons of the peninsula. but the pro. duct is of such poor quality that it can only be sold far below market prices, and all that Spanish prison labor does is to depress the price of the product of free labor. _ There is one ray of light on this dark picture. however. That is, that women are never sent to the penal colonies. They are never chained as the brother criminals are, and are never punished in an excessive manner. This is due to the strictness with which the female sex was formerly treated her record, when she leaves the institution she is sure to be a depraved, hardened wo- man. The immorality of the women's ‘ on is something absolutely unspeakable. But there is hope for Spain after all. ‘henhome in“ ‘ win” one, am Vic. "M Plans are being perfected to build a big': splendid cellular prison at Madrid. builti A Summer or Winter Henhouse. Here is a device for converting asummer Farm House Ventilation. The collar must be ventilated directs» info the base of the chimney. The kitchen wbmh is 'imph' ch“? “a °E°°fiv°‘ T!“ chimney is best for it always has a draft upon modern methods. Who shall not say i home is built in ‘he 0‘1“! W57» “30 V‘ns both “mm” ‘nd wilt“. Tm. i. wily that the prison is not the leeven which is 3 .t‘o “Wm th° puma," h°"°" °i m" 39”" inches apartx The device is for closing or lab prison system or to-dsy ‘! ‘ GREATEST DIAMOND IN EXISTENCE. The Excelsior Diamond Traveled linder a Hilliary Escort. When a diamond is found weighing more than a hundred carats the news is usually heralded with much ado. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, if the finding of the ” Excelsior" created considerable excitement. It weighed in the rough 971 carats, and was found near Iagersfountain, . in the Orange Free State. When examin. ed it was found to be a white stone of the first water, but had a small. flaw in the center. The inspector of the mine, a Swede named Jorgensen, was the lucky finder. The proprietors of the mine, Breitmayer .lz Bernheimer, had the stone tested and valued by experts, who agreed that the value was $5,000,000. It is a fact that two offers of $3,000,000 and $4,250,. l 000 respectively, have been refused by the proprietors. Upon its transfer to the coast great precautions were taken for its protection. A squadron of cavalry escort- ed it to the railway station. In Capetown it was placed aboard the British gunboat H. M. S. Antelope, which brought the precious gem to London, where it now rests in the fire and burgular proof vaults of the Bank of England. The nextlargest diamond in the world is the one owned by the Rajah of Matan on the Island of Borneo ; this one weighs 367 carats. The handsomest of all the large diamonds known is, however, fhe one in the French collection of crown jeWels, known as the “ Regent,” which weighs 136:? car- ats. Louis XV. paid 3,000,000 francs, for it, but now it is valued at 10,000,000 francs, or $2,000,000. How much the “ Excelsior ” will lose in cutting can only be decided by most emin- ent experts. As arule, the largerdiamonds lose fully one-half of their weight in this operation. Naturally the cutting, which is done with a view to having as few large pieces as possible outside of the main gem, must be carried on with the greatest care. This business is carried on mainly in Amsterdam and Antwerp. In Amster- dam there are at present fivelarge concerns of diamond cutters, with 872 diamond mills or cutting wheels, and 3,000 hands, besides a large number of less important concerns. â€"_..+â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" VALUE OF TRIFLES IN HISTORY. Results of Incidents in Careers of Well Known People. Thorwaldsen, the great Dutch sculptor, after workingfor more than four months unrecognized in Rome, determined in deâ€" spair to return home and lay down the ' sculptor’s chisel forever. A chance error by acareless clerk in drawing his passport detained him twenty-four hours. During that interval of waiting Mr. Hope walked into the studio, admired his Jason-in clay, and aroused the desponding Dane’s hope by ordering a copy in marble. Thorwaldsen unpacked his tools, and never afterward, in his long career, lacked patronage. Rachel, the great tragedienne, was,when a child, a street singer, and as such might have passed into womanhood and old age had not a party of critics dining together chanced to hear her loud, clear voice be- neath their window. They observed the child’s wonderful face and eyes, and in a kindly spirit aroused perhaps, by the wine they had drunk, proposed to her protectors to place her in the conservatory as a pupil. Sir Walter Raleigh would probably have remained out of favor with the court had Elizabeth. on her walk to the tower chanced to take a path less muddy. Every reader of history knows the story of how the gallant Sir Walter spread his clack be- neath the royal feet and was rewarded With his sovereigu’s smile and speedy restoration to favor. Potenkin, the favorite of Catherine II. and founder of the powerful Russian family which bears his name, would doubtless have remained an obscure soldier had not a trivial incident--a chance, in factâ€"changed his destiny. After Catherine Lad deposed her weak husband and herself assumed the scepter she was accustomed to parade the streets of St. Petersburg at the head of her troops. One day Potenkin noticed that her sword bore no knot. He boldly stepped forward, braving the knout for his insub ordination, and offered his. The Czarina accepted it and, struck by the handsome Lieutenant, asked his name and regiment and if he would not like to serve her in the palace. Always Mentioned. Little Girlâ€"Did the newspaper reporters notice your papa was at the great banquet last night 2 Little Boyâ€"Yes. Momma said she couldn’t find your papa‘s name on the list. No, but the list ends up with “ and others.” That means papa. They always mention him that way. consisting largely of 1x3 vertical strips 2 “mged by "mung ” opening eight ‘ hes h botto h' ‘1 opening these 2-inch cracks st pleasure. It :3; “22‘: :e;::n: by '36: .2: 'i' ‘pphed to an end w‘u' for example’ “a l ashes may be removed from the chimney. follows _: Go inside the house, out other I When mp‘iring my house acme run 38,, I 1 arranged it in this way, writes a corres- l pondent, with the result that the collar ist 'eniirely purified from the close and un. ' l wholesome air that seemed to pervade it I before, especially during the winter season. In fact it accomplishes, to some extent, , ventilation of the whole house. for by this means the cellar air never ascends to the I I . rooms, but instead the air from the ho‘use lis drawn downward into the cellar and 3 finally passed out through the chimney. â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" FAMILY LIFE IN BABYLON. l 'Gllmpses of Ancient Customs Given by the Tablets in the British Museum. l Glimpses of family life in ancient Baby- :1x3, strips of proper length, set them up ; lonia are given by the Scriptures from : against and coinciding with the correspond- l sennmherib" 031509: 30W in “‘9 Bruin! ling strips of the wall, the top end of each Museum. From the tablets it appears being cu” to correafmnd W‘l‘h 9l°P° °f r000 | that the family and the laws concerning it ' d 1 kn about 1 inch of reachin th . l :Efiei-“lolwghich the wall strips are Billed? were the foundanon °f me "cml “stem °f Fasten 8 or 10 of these strips securely into ‘ Babylonia Take. 35 311 example. the aframe 01‘ “all I“6 out). by nailing the » relation of father to son. A son could batten b b along their and” 9“ mp and 1 repudiate his father by the payment of a bottom. Then nail on the cleats a a at top I . . , and bottom to hold the sash in place. The l “rmm “um 0‘ mum“ but “0‘ h“ mmhel‘u strips of the sash now coinciding with those In the tablets on family law if is written of the wall, the 2-inch cracks between them . that, a 50,, who wished to deny his mother are open but by sliding the sash to the left . . . 22; inched the cracks are closed. The sash Should have hm ha" “0 °“ and be banl'n' ' c in out is slid back or closed, (I is open. ed fr°m the communiW- The 13" relating The cracks may thus be closed or opened, to husband and wife was curious. If a entirely 0“ partially’ 9" pleasures by finding l wife should say to her husband, “ Tlicu the sash back or forth. , ” ‘ art not my husband, which was the :o arr-i. «who w. mfiww' ’ .0- un. U' 4* _-'-‘fesa â€"'â€""' Babylonian way of saying that she did not The Water Supply for Stock. want to live with him any more, then the _ . ~_ ofl'ending woman was to be thrown into The questlon 0‘ the usual “’3‘” supply 15 the river. But if the husband wanted a a very serious onc,except for those who are ‘ divorce, it was a comparatively easy mat- fortunate enough to have rivers or lakes in W” {01' him I10 Obtain it. All he had to do . . . . . g was to return to his wife her dowry, if any, their Vicinity. Large private ponds are , and pay he” certain sum of money; he ‘1" 0f Ere“ value in the“ times» “3 lIht’y was then a free man, and could marry again will often continue to give an unfailing if he felt disposed to do so. supply long after the public or village pond ; B 1gb? Poamon “alga? by Womenh In . . a y onia was vary 1 erent from t eir 1’“ b°°°m° “ mere hum“ of dirty water’ l position in the East at the present day. . . . I and 8 nulmnce- How 15 “5 that these’lThe harem did not exist at all, and the places are so abused, being used for every ‘wife was looked upon as the head of the available purpose until they become foulphouseholdu A woman could buy or sell ;property independent of her husband, P°°ls qmt’e unfit' even for 8' plg no 0001 his could enter into agreements or contracts, skin in ? ~ and could possess slaves. In Assyria, Even where the water supply is adequate K which was a colony from Babylonia, the the labor of dealing with it is no light one. ‘ mOdem harem “WWI” w“ in “3". and . women, on the whole, occupied a very Water-carting all through the summerlinfenor position. months is scarcely the occupation one pre- | Tim, “Mary existed in Babylon,“ from fern. It is the large dairy and grazing the earliest times there is ample proof, but farms which suffer most in these times, and l the {lower “id _‘t"“(;h°‘:l‘?’ Of a“; 0:11;??? . . . . . :mas or were imi e . s.ave a a e nite lthe necessity of administering to live-stock pasition and could not only enter into l8 certainly Ell imperative one. Some Oiicoutra‘chs and agreements (,0 his own lthese farms are suited for the occasion, i. e., l fidVfimafzer bur COUld even buy and sell as supplied with & good_aized pond or two “I 3 well as possess property,aud after a certain no great distance from the homestead, with l “me ooum buy his freed‘ml' Th" “13"”: a large tank outside the farm buildings, and i from some aim“ or 0th?“ seem L9 have come upon evxl days during the reign of a. smaller one with cum inside for dell a , I ‘ p y l Nebuchaonezzar, for about this time many use. If these conditions are absent, or i . . . . even in any way defective, they should be 0‘ the” prwllege's We” wnhdmw'i’ and made good before any man ventures on a I the custom of branding each slave With the stock farm. A water cart or carts contain- ' name Of his "mater cmne in” “se' This ing about M many gallons as there “.6 custom led to all sorts of disputes, which acres on the farm is indispensable; one had ‘0 be "‘“ied M MW: and 3' 194150 holding J50 gallons can easily be managed numb“: 0‘ table“ 30]”in ‘0 “Ch ml“ by a Binglehoue. When the large tank , have been found. Education was common falls belowaeertain point,it may easily and throughout Bnbylonmr “Dd "MOI" 0‘ rapidly replenish from the nearest pond. theology and astronomy were founded and Should the drought, prove so severe as ,0 attached to every temple of importance. drain even this resource, the next nearest â€"-â€"â€"-â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" supply may be required; Instead of allow- , - $1M! cattle, etc., to foul the reservoirs, they THE DEFENCES OF CANADA should be fenced round and kept clean and â€"- sweet ; then if'stored in the tanks they l United States Ariiiv onlcer Secretly be. will last for a long time, free from all tailed to study Than. (I . ' in d . 'tr I - ' k§:3?l"5 m“ er an lmp‘m "35 o my] A despatch from Washington says :â€" On many we]1_,,pp ,iuwd or model farms. l The War Department is about to make a large water troughs are constructed in the lthird attempt to learn something of the 59105 {01‘ GM“? Though somawmn 00951)’ topographical and geographical situation in at first,they Will save a lot of labor carting. Canada with a View of preparing to meet, The price of iron or galvanized troughs is , _ , _ now 165,, than formerly, and every largewertam situations which may be presented breeder or cattle owner may find them a I should Great Britain attempt to invade the Promnble i5"93t"‘e“‘- They Should be United States from the Canadian frontier. vable so that the ma her be . :‘qae?:::?:put away duringywinzegn' wnh If the two countries overcome towar Canada care they may 1)., worth Lw7o¢hird5 of gheir will be the most probable base of operations former value at the end of ten years. for the British troops, and it is proposed to gather data showing the exact strategical importance of certain points in the Domin- Dairy Expenses. ion which would be selected by Great , . , Britain as the bases of operations. While 1 “dmlre me I’ll“) Oilndep‘mdence Three months ago the Secretary of War in dairy, and have great respect for the detailed an officer to go to Canada for this . - purpose, and he had just begun to gather home dMW’ 1" do“ Appear that there must valuable information when an old Admiral . . i II I - be a Cl ’3" mma‘mn of the u ""3" find in the navy,whoseuaugnter he had married, working in larger bodies, and With greater gave away the fact that an officer was in material than now, to reduce the can of Canada on aGoverumeut mission, and the ' result was that the officer was recalled for manufacture, writes John bould in Coun~ ta" 0‘ his idem”), .emg known W the "Y (’emlemi‘n' The Old German Who Canadian officials. Later a second (.etail wondered " what his vife vould do in the was made, and this officer was promptly voornoon if der milk vent to der greani- frllfilvl‘medh in ht“? egUL-gfifu‘bmgflrh 32m: ,, . ~ , , lf'lCUIB,W omen ions is ac t a e a 8"" d‘d "of take mFO “count "1)“ an i been chosen to study the fortifications and amount! 0‘ WIIe'POWer" Wok W make ‘0 military slrength of Canada. The War pounds of butter, and how insignificant it Department has now detailed a third officer, would become, and to what a fraction of who will shortly be on his way to Canada, cost it would amount to,if made with 2,000 and it is believed that he will succeed in pounds of other butter; and this a pliesas I reaching there without the intent of his well to our creamery system an cheese visit being known. This officer will travel factories. All over the land there are no incognito, and no One outside the War end of 150 to 300 cow factories and the cost Department officials will know the purpose of making is excessive as compared with of his visit. The result of his investigations the factory using 20,000 to 40,000 pounds will be reported to the department, and it of milk daily; and when it becomes a mat- is expected that full particulars will be tor of competition, the result is either received ofthe realmilitary situation which and the formal stillness which revailed in ‘he female nearly always ragged, vermin infested and has to put up with clothing which have cheap help, and cheap cheese and butter must be made, or else it is a matter of Plenty of Intellect. would be presented on the narthern frontier should the United States and Great Britain often been worn threadbare by some other prisoner. Thus public charity has to be depended upon, and, if this were not‘so.i many s Spanish criminal would be forced mostly of‘diriy straw, although the more aristocratic prisoner sometimes is given a mattress without sheets or pillows. .‘rms onscreen-nan. The cells are always overcrowded, and ‘the treatment of women. lhardly better off than male prisoners. to go naked. I The beds furnished to prisoners are, prison of Spain is at Alcala, but except for the fact that women prisoners are not beaten or maltreated they are otherwise , _ when it rains. WOMEN FAB! BADLY. [ The prison buildings at Alcala are abso- llutely unworthy of the use they are put ‘ to. Young girls and depraved women are ,housed together, and no woman who ever ’enters upon a term of imprisonmrnt ever comes out one whit better than when she man cawn tie his own tie. .\l..'.on. Chollyâ€"Aw, you don’t know him. That cheese and water-soaked butter is packed, Fatherâ€"I don’t believe that young lingering starvation with the maker. Often again cometoblows. Simmerkins has sense enough to come in the WAY i3 nude Ole” their big yield! Will _â€"___¢_______. Hungry. to keep up courage and show large produc- New Customerllg it,“ you, dog 1 tion. .. I . _ Barberâ€"Yes, sir. But 10"" WW“ “‘5 dlflnl'lficu‘m New Customer â€"~He seems very fond of tide the matter over, and soft, spongy His tongue dropped manna, and could follow, and the industry at large and watching you cut. hug; make the worse appear the better reason, commission-men in general are blamed, to p-rplex and dash maturest counselaâ€" when the blame should be largely laid a: , 1 xn;k€ a mistake and takeslcctie pawn OJ lhiherâ€"lt is not that, ur. Scm times the door of apoorly supplied and poorly- l ., guflleman’l an i . fi‘vm .