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.. .... -.....,,.y,.. gnu. v a.» .;: b AGRIICULTURALYMWW... I MAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY.§ The average farm is growing poorer“ for the mason that while the owner: has been making a. living for his family? and accumulating. he has been doing so at the expense of the soil and only giving back to it about one-fourth as much as he has taken off. He has been disregarding the laws of reciprocity and compensation, which cannot be violated without direful consequences. How shall he use his land and return; this other three-fourth This is one of the mat important problems in farming; and a. want of soil manage-; ment iitthe reason so many farmers arel toiling hard and living in indigenlt Cir-E cumstanccs. Shall we go into the mark- ‘ em and buy commercial fertilizers to make this three-fourths loss goodli Then we must rob our families. The; only practical way to maintain soils; under all conditions is by tillage, ro-z tation of crops and liberal fertilizing. ; There Is no more need for idle soil than l .s..\ \‘ .\\N\N\~ profitably used there are some condi-; tions to be fulfilled. First among thesel are the water conditions. contain fertility sufficient to produce‘ good crops but fail to do so, because the elements of fertility are sealed in water. Neither the plant food already in the soil nor that applied can be used to advantage on land where stagnant water remains within reach of plant roots. and where the free movement of air is prevented. Good natural or arti- ficial drainage is_ essential. The pur- of drainage is two fold; to get the excess of water out of the .5011. and ad- mit of the access of air which is so im- portant in rendering. available the plant food already in the sod. Some soils have in them the three very es- sential elements of plant growth, ni- trogen .potash and phosphoric actd, but in such combinations and so locked in the soil. that they are not available. Such soils need air slaked lune. Some- times blzick humus lands are so full of acidity that they will not. produce a. crop. Underdrainage, and lime Will cor- rect this. On clay ends it is. desrrable to change the physical condition of the soil to irevent baking in dry weather and sinliing in wet weather. Lime is one of the best substances_ for this purpose. It should be applied at the rate of two to ten pounds per acre, ac- cording to the stiffness or acidity: The application nay be repeated in six to ten years. Next in order comes tillage» As a. rule our lands are not plowed deep enough. The good effect of deep I of idle men. Before fertilizers can be? Some soils 1 l0\\'lll‘ and subsoihmg,r may not fully lippczirgthc first year. but W’lll most certainly .the followmg year. The adâ€" vanta rc arising from deep plowmg and subsoi 'ng is that an increased amount of soil is made porous. The water after u hcav ' rain sinks. preventin wash- ing of the surface soil. and admi s plow- ing sooner after ’rainnnd needed niOist- urc is stored against the day of drought. If it is desired to have a. grain crop on a given field every year (givmg the sod rest by change 01 crop) follow. corn with wheat. and on the wheat in the spring sow clover. then in the following spring plow the clover under andtplzint the corn again. Plant_foods applied to lauds may be divided into two classes; first. course manures. such as clover, barnyard manure. straw, peat, etc., second. concentrated inanuresu _com- monly known as commercial fertilizers. Barnyard manurcs differ in value With the kind of feed. kind and amount of budding. etc. Horse manure With the same kind of feed is richer-than cow manure and the liquid is richer than the solid manure. Coarse manure con- tains more nitrogen. the. n potash or hosphoric. acid and'also contains . aI urge amount of organic matter, which by decay produces the black matter in the soil called humus, which is. of the highest agricultural value for unprov- ing the mechanism of the soil and also in preventing the loss of nitrogen in The effect of course manures ex- tend over a. period of years._ enerally three to ten years. and dif er from commercial fertilizers smce _their ef- fect is generally spent.the first year. Unless stable manure is well kept it should be hauled out. as made and; spread upon the field as hauled. pf alli course manures perhaps clover is the, best. If the full crop is turned un-: l der. or all the cut crop is fed u on the! farm and returned in the form 0 .manu- fnctured manure to the field it Will sup-‘ ply all the nitorgen necessary for the crops. and it must be remembered, nit rogcn is the most ex nSive elementg of plant food and abso utcly essenth to plant growth and develo ment._ Butl it must not be forgotten c over is a; one-sided fertilizer. It adds no potash or liosplioric acid. If we are not lib- ern in returning the clover to the sell and aidi it by the use of straw. stalks an all the other manure we. can pnxnirc and save upon. the farin,l we will find we tire exhausting or havei exhausted our soil to the extent that‘ lt will not produce a profitable crop. In! this case we must go into the market and buy commercial fertilizers in or- der to restore to the soil wanting ele~ nicnts. But commercial fertilizers are. expensive and we must know just whatl we want. If we are not certain what: the soil needs. it would be wise to make; cxix'rimcntsvâ€"with potash or phosphorici acid by themselves and also in com-; biimtion. “'0 should know the demands: of the cm) we desire .to raise. and; should apply fertilizers in such .torni sis the cmp will be able toreadily use. Whenever posiible depend upon clover! and barnyard manure to supply Illll‘O-I gen. It is possible to keep_ . ‘ stunt use and yet increase its fertility? But this demands good management and constant. vigilance. HOME DAIRYING. One of the most satisfactory. ways of; making the home dairy pay, is by se- curing private customers. writes a farmer's wife. It the dairy is simply an adjunct to other farming operations; this method of dis ing of one's dairyi products Oftell mu 'm; a good market. for poultry and surplus fruit and vet , tablcs: but rumba careful to make; the buttonmaking a first considprati«:in.; The diiry work will not wait 'our. pleasure. Only the most pains ing? of tl.lll’_’i‘lll(lll can retain , vutc trade. "hero is no mam why thei l'.z!‘::..,"' hum»:- should not be a source. " if " .' ,muic. yet as it is usually: I IN, FIG. 'three compartments. one of madeithardlypeyefarmaking a. start on the farm we thought the cows might be made to help out. but we were without 0 lance. \Ve were la bed at for e yin; wholly upon boo to teach us the art of utter- making. We desired a dinry room- and quickly made it of sod. plastering the dirty walls neatly and arra ing the north and south windows to ll from. the top. The south window was shaded as was the door which opened to the east. lVe now proceeded to improvise the cmamery we were too poor to buy. \Ve built a huge box with double walls. the space between them being filled with chaff. The box was divided lllfltfi w m opened from the t . the other two ;from the front, wit double doors. In the compartment that opened from the top .we set the (milk (I neglected to say_ we lined each compartment with gal-‘ vanized iron) in ice water. \Ve used the tall round cans. and the tank held four of them, twenty gallons of milk.| The central space in that box was used the end opposite the milk for ice. so that we need not visit the ice house at each milkin time. Our milk was skim- med at two ve hours, allowed to sour slightly. and then churned. \Ve churn- ed five times a week. twenty pounds of_ butter at a churning. The butter was ounce to the und, and set aside for. a few hours w an it was again worked. printed into neat pound prints. wrap- lped in cheese cloths. ’and placed in thel We carried it to town in a bed of icelwmtes or blacks. Not a. trace of them,‘ h and it looked much more tempting on n we wmmmtosfi': FAMED' lilSHfllllLlNllr -‘ . toweruptoahelghtofovenBOfeet. A small _ way runs through them. permitting t of a. single per~ son. These wal are 18 feet in thick- VERITABLE GARDEN or EDEN IN mm at the and 10 feet at the base. SOUTH AFRICA. ' Traces of Ancient (‘ltles Wonderfully Pre- servedâ€"Immense Buildings and Walls Wm: Mortarâ€"Thcrheonlclan Temple, the Wonder of archaeologinuâ€"Enuenrd of Quantities or Gold. . The most wonderful and interesting sight in the whole of South Africa. and haps of the whole world, from a sci- en ific point of view, is the large ruins of Mashonaland. There is every indication that South Africa. was at one time the center of the world's civilization; that science. archaeology and art were first rocked. in their cradle of infancy in interior las a refrigerator for the butter, and Southern Africa. The ruined cities of Mashonaland tell a. silent story of a. once mighty race that flourished in that country 5,000 years ago. These ruins surpass in magnitude the ruins of ancient Egypt and Rome. lwashed in a granular state. salted one They are more unltu and wonderful than anything ever found in any other lpart of the world. i r v The outer wal are profusely decorated with phallic designs; phalluscs are num- lerous with figures of these ancient pile represented in their peculiar p 81- o‘worslup. ’lurning to the Phoenician temple there is ainarked similarity between it and the Zimbabwe ruins. similar work 5 also found at Cabiri and Hadjar Kern. Malta. Hence it would appear thatihe samennfluence that had governed the buildmg of thine ruins in South Africa was also dominant at Malta and Sardin- ia. - These people. whosoever they were. built their edifices on soil rich With gold Instde of all the ruins gold mines are found, some worked to a considerable depth. but the average working of the mines is about ‘35 feet in depth. They were well versed .in the treatment of ores andtthe manufacturing and tempâ€" ering of iron. .li‘or 300 miles these gold diggingsd'et rich With the yellow metal, may be seen. All_ have been worked to some extent. It is supposed. that King Solomon sc- oured this gold ,for the great temple, from these ' gings. Some experts have evcnasserted that the slaves of Ixin Solomon erected these ruins of Mas onaland. But the indications are that they existed long before the time of Solomon. It was this region that There is no knowledge of these pee-'gave Rideer Haggard his basis ofr the .refrigerator until wanted for delivery. lple. It is not known whether they were Story Of “Kids SOlomOD'S MineS-” As these ruins of a prehistoric race ave stood the ravages o ftime so will a. hot day. than “,hich some ! outside Of once habitation has been l stand for many of years of the farmers ladled from their jars! With a. spoon. \Ve went from house to} house leavmg sample golden product wherever there was a lkellhOOd. of our securing custom. , a. short time we c‘onld not supply the3 (1er for our butter at 25 cents per p:.md_ for the winter months. and 20 cents in summer. , when butter brought more in the markâ€" 3 ct than we had contracted for. but dur-' ing the greater part of the year butter was not worth over -10 or 12 cents per. pound. A few of our customers avail- ed themselves of the cheap butter for cooking, but they were soon made to understand that our winter supply of butter would not exceed that of the summer. An ice house was quite as home-made as our other accessories. it being just a. dug out. Our ice kept well but we had to use the greatest care in packing. keeping the blocks square 50. that they might fit neatly and leave no air spaces. We took care that different members of the familyi did'not go hacking about when a. piece of ice was wanted. We gave a great dealiof attention to the ventilation of our ice house. \Ve were quite success- ful With our dairy for eight years. Some of our first customers were with us until the pressure of other work, to- gether With the average hired man's distaste for milking, "caused us to give up our customers and the butter busi- rims. l J...“ ANETHESIA FOR ANIMALS. Surglcal Operatlons, Branding, “ltlnghig’v null Firing Are Now hone Under. chloroform. l The use of anaesthetics for alleviating pain is no longer to be confined to the lords of creation. Humanitarians have come forward with the declaration that the lower animals shall not be subject- ed to the knife or the red-hot iron with- out first being reduced to unconscious- ness, when they may be operated upon at pleasure. Mr. J chin Moore, of Man- chester, England, is authority for the statement that operations done without chloroform are "veritable and revolting acts of cruelty and butchery.” Hitherto the objection to the employ- ment of chloroform for the purpose of aiding operations in animal surgery as been the expense. Veterinary surgeons have not thought it worth the cost to secure the poor dumb creatures from in. But the objection can now no onger be maintained as an inexpensive form of the drug is available, and an economical method of administering it has just been discovered. The quantity of the drug required is verysmall. The apparatus consists of a sort of mask, lined on the inside with an ab- sorbent cotton material. \Vhen fitted on the face the animal succumb adually to the influence of the anaest etic. but once he feels the effect he is aroused With difficulty. and then only after a conSidcrulile period. Horses require more chloroform than other animals, and'the cost in their case is estimated at five cents a. head. The danger of over-dosing is very small. A horse cannot be killed by chloroform inhalation under ordinary Circumstances. For sheep, which are subjected to most painful mutilations, chloroform can be easily employed. The c oration isibetter performed, the flow 0 blood being not so great as when chloroform is not used, and fewer hands are required. The firing of horses, f'ringing" of bulls and swine and branding of cattle are now successfully done with the aid of chloroform. In each instance the reâ€" sults have been more satisfactory than ' when the animals were cut up and mutilated in cold blood. A writer on the subject in the London Lancet says: "The rough-and-tumble butchery of the prechloroform era of veterinary: surgery has little to commend it when compared with the precise methods and accurate results obtained by scientific exponents of veterinary surgery, such as can he arrived at by the aid of chlo- roform. If owners of horses and farml stock and of pets once rcalized that chloroform for their animals meant not only immunity from pain. but also in-} sored better results and less risk of. so”, in c0n_l: failure or accident. them is no doubt, tircly \VlthOllt any mortar. and that they would insist on its use. ~ ,. The Rand Water Famine. ' The South African newspapers are: full of amusing incidents in connection ' with the Rand water famine. Soda water at five shillings a bottle is in general use flu- culinarf and washlngi or I purmscs. The demand Florida wa~ ter. bay rum. can de cologne and other~ liquids wof like’ charactei‘ is unpreced- ently west. and anything that can he presse into the service of the toilet commands a fancy price. A mixture of to vield satisfactory results, and even vaseline and bcnzine are by no means despised. found. These stately ruins'tell a. silent story them from the minds of mankind. The Zimbabwe ruins are located in Longitude 31:10:10 east, on a high pla- iteau of Mashonaland, 3,300 feet above the‘level of the sea. They form the cap- l 1 Pound“3 bf thagof a once powerful race of people, but'; 9 1 yet to come. They are to-day as well preserved and as strong as the first day when they were built by the unknowns. The Portuguese who first settled on IniSflOO years has completely obliterated the Mozambique East African Territory told wonderful stories of the great Afri- can Emperor, Monomatapa, who lived almost three centuries ago at the great There were occasions:Latitude 20:16:30 degrees south and Zimbabwe ruins. The reports of the early Potuguese settlers were that this Mononiatapa was the possessor of un- told millions in gold; that he had nug- gets of pure gold as large as a man's ital of a. long series of ruins, stretchâ€" head. These stories were repeated from ing up the whole length of the western trader to trader, until the name of Mo- side of the Babi River. These old anci- nomatapa became a byword with all the merchants of India, Arabia, Persia, and out cities are built on granite and out Egypt. The expression of those days of granite. For miles upon miles these mighty ruins may be seen in one un- broken line. They are nearly all built in a. circular form. Inside of the ruins a dense mass of ‘ TROPICAL VEGETATION, , creepers and monkey ropes hang in an entanglement to the tall trees, which form a small jungle, making it impos- sible to penetrate. The walls themsel- ves are nearly free from vegetation, OW- ing to the absence of mortar. N o lichen, moss nor creeper could thrive on them. and the few things which have pene- trated into the crevices are (if a suc- culent character, which have formed their. branches to the 'shape of the in- terstices. To this fact is mainly due the wonderful state of preservation in which the ruins are now found. The most prominent figure of all the , Africa. Each of them who had seen- the ' l was . "AS RICH AS MONOMATAPA." So great was the fame of this Emp- eror of interior South Africa. merchants and traders from distant Arabia, Per- Sia and Egypt risked their lives to visit habitation of this Monoma‘tapa told fab- ulous stories of things that they had seen. This great ruler, according to their statements lived in u. magnificent place with the walls all-lined With gold, 1 and that every article in use in the Emperor's apartments was made out of pure hammered gold. The most remark- able thing about their stories was the fact that each one who had risked the journey to the interior of Africa came back to their native land laden with a. large supply of gold. . ' An effort has been made by several scientific men of Euro to find the burying ground of the uilders of these ruins, but, as stated, not a. trace of any 'remains has thus far been found. ruins cf Zimbabwe is the large cifcul-' ar ruin, with its large round tower. that stands on the edge of a gentle slope of a small hill. This stupendous ruin covers a large area of ground, some- thing like 130 acres. The walls of this ruin are 45 feet high, 10 feet in thick- ness at the base and 5 feet at the top. These walls have been built with re- markable symmetry. The granite was hammered into shape, and is exactly of the same size. There are three entrances to this buildingâ€"the principal one, only three There is not a more charming place in the whole world than the Zimbabwe district of Mashonaland. It is a. verit- able Garden of Eden. The whole sur- goutnding is such that it makes a per- ec cent, the soil rich, the growth of trees and flowers magnificent, while the tread of ferocious animals seldom descr crates the abiding place of ancient gen- 1113. This country is now under the rule [of the British South African Chartered feet wide, faces the hill fortress and the” north.’ It. has an, old curvature in it, whereas all the other entrances are straight. Below the main entrance runs a. very substantial ranite wall. This wall 18 covered insi c with a thick coat- ing of cement, evidently made out of powdered granite. The presence of this peculiar concrete made Without any mor- tar was used for flooring, steps and al- tars of this ruin, and also for all others found in Mashonaland. The labyrinthine character of the in- terior is very intricate. Entering from the main portal, one is plunged at once into a. series of intricacies. The great and astounding feature is the long. nar- row passage leading direct from the main entrance to' the sacred inclosure, so narrow in part that it is impossible for two persons to walk abreast, while on either sides rises a stupendous wall, built with such evenness of courses and symmetry. that as a specimen of the dry builders art, as it is without a parallel in any part of the world. The large blocks, some of them weighing 50 to-80 tons, and enormous in size, are similar in shape to those used in ancient Egypt. and in Grecian and Roman masonry. The actual approaches to the sacred phallic inclosures are must carefully guardedand defended with buttresses on either Side. into which a. form of port- cullis has been fixed, with two grooves, one running down each side. but the: aperture was at some time walled up, presumably done at AT A TIME OF DANGER. There is the same marked neatness and fine workmanship in these walled- in sections that is found in all the masonry work of this unknown ancient race. The huge columns 79 feet in height. hewn out of one solid piece of rock, stand out prominently near the sacred edifices of these remark- able structures. The l_:ir e,. round tower of the Zim- babwe 15 unit entirely out of small ranitc stones. Each'smne is cut simi- ar to the .modcrndirick. but. all are of the same 5126. This tower was builtrn- has stow -the storm} of 50 Centuries. symmetry of this magnificent piece of work is astonishing. This tower was: built on nothing. The foundations simpâ€" ly go down about a foot below the sur- face. It has been preserved through all the ages. on account of its solidity. The lrest of this building is divided off into small inclosures. containing several al- tars with phallic designs worked on thcm‘with wonderful accuracy and dis- tinction. Thereare also three remark- able monolithsin it of a very large size. The valley below the Circular ruin and also the fortress on the bill are a mass, of ruins. Sipping down to the valley below the great,circular ruin a n. dainty prplammonia and lavender water is said narrow pamage conducts one through a mass of magnificent ruins. The great double walls are the won- der 0 (monoliths). 60 and l The ~' 1 all who have seen them. They the light. .many Company. 'Since the ancients were there rulers 'have- governed that fair land, but none of them were so fierce and brutal'as the great Lobengula,King of the Matabeles. He was one of the most brutal and fiendish Kin s that called African imps to council. 3ut the Mashonas, whose home Zimbabwe l5, are as I gentle as a woman, courteous and kind to strangers. .The reign of Lobengula is no more. The forces of the British Chartered Com- any, under the guidance of Dr. C. S. gamesonâ€"the same Jameson that invad- ed the Transvaalâ€"made war against the Matabcles and conquered them, killing their great King, Lobengula. The relics of these unknown people, who flourished centuries ago. will, when thoroughly known, become the wonder of the student of archaeology. They will rival in interest the renowned ruins of ancient Rome and Egypt. The world at large will be interested in knowing from whence these people came and where they went. Every stone laid in these ruins, every character cut into the stones, every tool found in these structures points strongly to the fact that they were the forefathers of the Phonccians. 'l‘hat their art first gave birth to the more artistic touches of the Greek. The writings found on the altars of the Zim- babwe ruins are similar to those found on the ruins in Egypt. -. The echo of fifty centuries is heard in distant South Africa. Truly, South Africa is a wonderful country, with her untold wealth in gold and diamonds,hcr magnificent flora, her peculiar races of. people and peculiar animals. but the most wonderful of all are the rent and unique ruins of Zimbabwe, Lisbona- land. A New Lock. \Vhat is regarded as a new and val- uable mmllination of mechanisms in lock construction is the subject of a recent patent. The knob is without dial, hexagon. in shape, presenting in appearance an ordinary knob, with a small push button device in the centre. The tumblers of this lock are describ- ed as being arranged in such a man- ner as to be capable of some 100,009 com- binations by rotating the knob about its axis to each one of the five anguo lar position, the latter being determined by the sides of the hexagon-shaped knob , coming approximately vertical. When tuilocking, the. first and second fiimvrs' loosely grasp the neck of the knob, and between each of the positions. as the knob is revolved, a number of pushes is given to the button in the centre of the‘knob, numberin anywhere from nothing tornine. as t e combirr etion may be set. The locking is ac- complished by a. twist of the knob and a. pull. and the arrangement of the mechanism is suah as admits of it be- ing worked. as well in darkness as m with them. . ‘shghtest inclination to rebel against MW LONDON’S ’nvs DRIVERS. .. . nay mum to Be the lost in the World at Handling theletne. The majority of the streets in London. at least those on which the principal traffic of the city proper centres. are narrow. and the navigating of the 'buscs along these highways, which are always crowded to distinction with every de- scription of vehicle. large and small, is a feat in driving which would turn the hair of an ordinary 'bus driver gray in a day and drive him crazy in a week. But his London prototype does not lose any sleep of nights worrying about: it. To him the safe conduct of his 'bus along his route is work of the most or- dinary kind. It is generally these 'bus men. who undergo a. course of long years of: most careful training. are, when put to it, the finest drivers in the world. but, at the same time. their rcveryâ€"dny task is made compara- tively easy for them by the punetilious observance of the rules of the road, practised by every Englishman who drives in London, be he lord or com- moner . There is never the slightest trouble caused by the misunderstanding of these rules by‘an ignorant driver; the most ordinary costcrmonger who drives his little donkey cart in the crowded .sec- tion of the city is perfectly fumduir and never evmces the their dictates by not pulling up out of the way when a coach or four-in- hand signals its intention to drive by. The first time a strai er mounts the steep steps at the ban of a. :bus and takes a seat on the roof for a ride along Fleet street or the Strand. or a trip down Cheapside. his attention is_rivcted for the greatest part of the Journey and his breath frequently taken away in watching the manoeuvres of the 'bus driver. _ The way these men keep their horses under control and steer their clumsy and out of the constant crush of wagons and all manner of vehicles is exciting and wonderful. Look ahead of you and the street seems packed, with only a small. opening which to the eye of the uninitiatc appears scarcely wide enough for. 'bus to go through, and yet the drive vehicles in change, in a minute you are through the crush. and have never even scrape the wheels of the wagon on either side ,of you. 1 If. however, one of these wagons had ‘suddenly turned into the narrow pass- ageway through which you have passed, the driver bent on getting out before the 'bus, there would have been acrush and a smashup, an accident which vc_ry likely would happen under sunilar Cll‘: cumstances a dozen times a. day in an American city. But betwcen the driv- ers of the wagons and the 'bus drivers, and all other drivers in London, per- fect confidence exists, the ‘bus driver. knowing that he has the right of way, oing ahead without fear. while the river of the cart or wagon, being fully aware that he must stand aside so that the lumbering public conveyance can go through, docs so without a murmur of discontent at the few minutes of lost time which he is bound to suffer. paradise. The climate is magnifi-. sronr or THISORLOFF GEM. v l â€"â€" :llow It [found [In Way Into the harm!!!» cent (frown oi the Czar or llttasln. The wonderful stone, so named after its first European purchaser, Count Orloff, has had a most extraordinary history, which must add something to the value of the stone, intrinsically al- most fabulous. It was originally the eye of an idol in Trichinopoli. It was stolen, according to the accepted ac- count, by a Frenchman, who escaped with it to Persia, where he sold it for the equivalent in our money of 38,000, to a Jewish merchant. The Jewish merchant sold it to an Armenian named Shafras, who had truâ€" velcd in Russia, and conceived the idea of taking the diamond in that country and selling it. to the Empress Catherine fora great sum. Shafrus paid him $50,000 for it. Having secured the stone, the next question with Shufrus was how to get. it to Russia, or rather how to conmul it when he was searchcxl by robbers, as he was sure to be on the road. The journey was a long and perilous one. and thieves aboundcd everywhere. Sh'ifras thoucrht of swallowing the stone wh ‘n he should be taken by the robbers, bu: was obling to give that plan up, its the diamond was too large to swal- ow. Hc Imndcred long over the difficulty, and began to feel he had it \Vhllu (:lcâ€" pll'lut on his hands. when a happy lh'unrht occurred to him. Ilc,provnrml a shtierancc, made a cut in the fleshy part of his left leg. and thrust the diamond into the Wound. Ho sowed up ill.“ on! with a inwdlc and a. silver wire. It h‘elud, leavinur the diamond embod- ‘ded first in his leg, quite out of sight. , 'lll‘ll he started for Russia. 0n the i we y be was seized by roblmrs again and iilflflln, aml‘lhoro urth H'Jerthl. living in“ Arnluinun. and suspected of going - lo links“ to trade, the thieves marveled greatly zit. finding nothing of value on his person. He arrived in Russia, at last. and, 1 after extracting his diamond, visited the ‘ Empress. lie was willing to sell it for {Ll-(Jill 315mm. but, the. Empress had Iml so large an amount. available in gcnwli for the. putt-haw. and Shafras preâ€" l {erred in no on to Amsterdam. this seat fof lh’.‘ tli":i’itizi(l~cut,tint! industry, when: ’ be bid the stone iolislied. Ila-en: (‘mmt )rluff, an extremely wculihv Russian saw the diamondntnd {was filled with a determination to se- .cuie it for the Russian crown. He did lsccurc it, but Sh ifras exacted from the .llns‘iian Gnvcrmw‘nt $100,000, on an- ' nuitv of 820.004) and a title of nobility. 5 He died a millionaire. i The Orluff diimonrl weighs 195 car- ats, and is about the size of a pigmn'a egg. It is smaller than the Koh-iâ€"Nwr. in the possession of the Euglishtwben. which is supposed to be worth‘ 83,750.- 000. MW» ~-‘,‘;‘ - ,, r i The men in Japan do mmt of the new. ing, and they push the needle in and out in a direction from them instead of toward them. ‘ l acknowledged that. goes ahead unhesitatingly, and, presth . --.-. .