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-w- . . ,._ .. ._.___ i ‘ g. .' '1'}? 1' 'A'T' .\'0 TBS. Medical science has advanced rapidly of late along the line of discoveries of Pasteur, Koch, Behring. and their col- leagues. If the curative antitoxines now announced are shown by the test of continued use to be as efficacious as they are claimed to be, three. if not lfour, of the, diseases most dreaded by mankind have been brought into sub- jcclion. These. are cholera, leprosy. the " plague " or “ black death," and abdom- inal typhus fever; the antitoxincs for the thro-e latter being the discovery of Dr. Kitasato, and the honor of that for Asiatic cholera being apparently divid- ed between him, Dr. Behring and Dr. Haffkinc. All three of these eminent bacteriologists were pupils of Dr. Koch in Berlin, and have reached their dis- coveries by the theory he established. that the origin and ravages of disease are due to bacteria, and that the bac- teria must be destroyed in order to make possible the restoration of health. They have, accordingly. first found the characteristic bacillus of the diseases with which they dealt, then produced the diseases in horses, sheep, and other animals by inoculation. and by the imâ€" munizing process made familiar through the production of diphtheria. antitoxine. secured a blood serum by which the disease can be cured. The test made by Dr. Haffkine in Bengal, India, of the cholera antitoxino discovered by him has not only added greatly to knowledge of the nature of the malady, but through more than forty thousand actual cases of inoculation has demonstrated its value as a preventive. The experiments of Dr. Kilnsato with the same disease in Japan word conducted during the recent cholera. epidemic in that coun- try, and in the 196 cases treated his curative serum reduced the mortality from an average of seventy per cent. to one of thirty-three per cent. It is stated that all the cases in which no cure was affected were those of persons in the last stage of the disease when the remedy was applied, and that Dr. Kit'asato asserts that the serum is a positive specific if used promptly at the beginning of an attack. Experiments made with the antitoxâ€" inc for the “plague” have, it is said, conclusively demonstrated its effective- ness when injected within six hours after the appearance of the disease: and Dr. Kitasato is satisfied that his serum for leprosy offers a certain cure, though owing to the nature of the mal- ady, proof is not so easily. obtained. \Vhile remedies for these old and dreadâ€" ed diseases of the East have thus ap- parently been discovered, Dr. Cyrus Edson, of New York. has. he believes, found in a solution of phenol, a well known coal tar derivative. and pilocar- pine, which he calls aseptolin, a. cure for consumption. The remedy. like the various antitoxines. is based on Dr. Koch's theory of the origin of disease. though the injection employed to kill Ithe bacteria is purely chemical, phenol having long been used as a very effec- 'tive antiseptic and disinfecting agent. In the course of his investigations Dr. Edam) discovered that phenol was a con- stituent of some of the natural secre- tions of the body and that. it increased in amount in ill health. and acting on this knowledge he succeeded in so mo- difying it. that it. could safely be taken into the blood. The cure has been giv- en a practical test with, in many cases, very successful results. though owing to the failure of Dr. Koch's much her- alded remedy for constunption. furth- er demonstration will be needed before accepting it. as a " sure cure." The Quakers in England have a. re- markably businexâ€"like way of compil- ing their statistins of membership. At the end of the year they draw up a gain and loss account. under the prosaic ledgâ€" ar headings of incomings and outgoings. Under incomings they count their new adherents by convincmucnt, as minors, by reinstnlment and by birth. Out- golngs are. counted by dismntment, by resignation. by disasseciaiion and by death. Most of their numerical gains are by convincement, and by birth. Re- signation. disassociation and death form their largest losses. Of recent years Quakers in England have gained a lit- tle in numerical strength. and now number sixteen or seventeen thousand. But the majority of them no longer ad- here to many of the traditions and us- ages of the society. They take life much as other church members do. Most of them dress according to their ordinary fashions. Music is no longer frowned upon in the school and in the home. and many of those who have landed posses- sions. hunt and shoot for diversion in much the same way as the ordinary run of English squires. There are a num- ber of Quakers in the House of Comâ€" mons. several of them are members of the Peace Society; but they vote with th lr parliamentary colleagues when the army and navy estimates are before the House. and have msed to make their old time protests against expenditures on ironchids and war materials. In one resin-ct the Quakers in England Ito-day are as they were when the century open- ed, and the colorless cmt and the white hat and Quaker bonnet were to be seen in the marketplaotm Their meeting houms are still in the back streets. Other Noncomforming bodies haw long ago am out on to the front streets. but to reach a Quaker meeting house it is usually necessary to go to the older parts of the town and to traverse the alleys and the back lanes. The reuon for this is until a few years ago Quakers in England were declining in numbers. and their growth in recent years has been so small and so well distributed over the country, that it has not been necessary to rebuild many of their old meeting houses which were erected in the days when all who dissean from the Church of England deemed it. best to keep in the background. »â€" v-- â€"â€"-A vâ€"-@-â€"â€"â€"-~~â€"-â€"â€"- CHINESE TELEGRAPHY. Numerals .lrc Flushed Over the “'ire and Then Translated by a Code. According to the "Statesman's Year Book." all the principal cities of China are now connected with one another and with Pekin, the capital, by tele- graph. Recent visitors to China say. however, that telegraph'mg there is a laborious and expensive process. and that the lines are a charge upon the State treasury instead of a. source of revenue. The despatches are, of course, sent in Chinese, for not one in many thousands of the natives knows any language ex- cept his own. But the Chinese have no alphabet. Their literary charact- ers, partly ideographic, partly phone- tic. number many thousands. It is simply impossible to invent telegraphic signals that would cover the written language. Here was an obstacle in the way of using the telegraph at all. The difficulty was obviated by invent- ing a. telegraphic signal for each of the cardinal numbers or figures might be telegraphed to an extent. Then a code dictionary was prepared, in which each number from 1 up to several thouâ€" sands stoqd for a. particular Chinese letter or ideograph. It is, in fact, a cipher system. The sender of the mes- sage need not bother himself about its meaning. He may telegraph all day without the slightest idea. of the inforâ€" mation he is sending, for he. transmits only numerals. . It is very different with his friend, the receiver. He has the code diction- ary at his elbow. and after each mes- sage is received he must translate it. writing each literary character in place of the numeral that stands for it. Only about an eighth of the words in the written language appear in the code. but there are enough of them for all practical purposes. . .But the Chinese system has its great; disadvantages. Men of ordinary edu~ cation have not sufficient acquaintance With the. written language to be com- petent telegraph receivers, and the litâ€" erati are not seeking employment in telegraph offices any more than our col- lege professors are. So the Government recruits its employees with much dif- ficulty. Besides, the patrons of the telegraph are comparatively few in number. There are almost no Chinese who have business relations all over the country, as is the case with many thousands of our business men. The public is not invtted to buy stock in the Chinese telegraph lines, and if it was, nobody at present would buy with a view to divndends. The receipts do not equal the expenses, and the Govern- ment makes up the deficit. There is another great disadvantage of the Chinese telegraph system. All over the world the movements of rail- road trains are regulated by telegraph. The orders receive by the station agent are filed in plain view of the. employ- ees. and if need be the ’switchman may take temporary charge and carry out the instructions from the central off- ice. Railroads have been introduced into China to a ’very small extent, and there is talk of greatly extending the service. the. I trains? A writer in Le Mouvement Colonial of Paris says that if railroads are intro- duced to any extent in China the per- sonnel must be exclusively European and American, or recruited from the literary class. He says the Chinese Government will not take foreigners inâ€" I to its service, and that the educated men of China. who alone among the] people have sufficient knowledge of the I written language to be intrusted withl the actual running of trains. would re- fuse most. emphatically to be either train hands or station agents. This is one of the many small stumb- ling blocks in the way of China's pro- gress, but it is quite effective in its way. But how about running NOTED AUTHOR'S MANITSCRIPTS. The methods of authors vary with their individualities. Order prevails with someâ€"~oihers revel in disorder. George Sand could only write on nicely ruled note paper, Miss Braddon scribbles her tales on torn envelopes or any scraps of paper that are at. hand. Char- les )ickeus' manuscript covered every inch of paper. Mark Twain will take a folio sheet of cardboard to write a ten- iine ' kc on. Charles Reade and Vic- tor } ugo wrote on immense sheets of aper, with coarse quill and reed pens. \‘illiam Black and R. D. Blackmore cover dainty sheets of note paper wtth microscopical handwriting. The late Wilkie Collins wrote on large sheets of paper. and corrected. interlineated and pasted in a great deal. . ._-.â€"â€"â€"~- ._.- .â€" T\VO FROM CORK. A Cork Town Councilor is credited with having thus spoken: There can be no doubt of the virulence of this epidemic. for I know of people lying dead from it who never died he ore. The same gentleman thus chivalrously defended aoolleague; I strongly pro- test against this attack on my absent friend. for suml it is not right to hang amen be d his back. l "Willie," said the boarding-house mis- tress to her young son. "I was asham- ed of you at dinner. You kept your arms on the table during the entire meal l” “Yes. mamma," was the hope- ful's reply; "I didn’t want to give the boarders a chance to say there was nothin' on :he table." ‘ ~~\W\W THE CO\V. \\ hen times are hard, as times are yet, __And cash is scarce and hard to get; ‘0 hen but little money can be made “And debt and taxes must be paid, lohelp us out. we must allow, There Is nothing like the good old cow; - The gentle cow. the honest cowâ€" All honor to the good old cow. Once wheat would bring us at the door A dollar sure, and sometimes more; it one would pay from year to year, To feed and fat and sell the steer; If sheep and. wool one had to sell. . They once would fill the pecket well; But tunes have changed. wool and sheep And wheat and steers are now quite . cheap. Their prices are so very low That _of profit there’s but little show. "[15 datrying that pays best now. Our main reliance is the cow. ‘Tts better business, year by year. Than raising wheat; or sheep or steer. Deal gently with: the good old cow , And treat her well as you know how; Don’t chase her round with clubs and notse, ' Don't worry her with dogs and boys. Don't pound her with your stool and swear. But treat her gently and with care, Speak kindly to her as you would Your lady love in gentlest mood; Caress and pet. her day by day. Feedl her with meal and roots ar. Give her good‘feed, and feed her well, For good feed in the pail will tell. Do this and she will seldom fail. \Vith foaming milk to fill the pail. She'll pay you well for all you do. And greet you with her pleasant llmoo.ll The factories her milk will take, Or you at home can bultter make. In either case there is profit there Enough to pay. ’for all your care. Now, when at breakfast-time you see The creamy milk poured in your tea, And when at dinner-time you spread Delicious butter on your bread, And when you taste the creamy cheese At any time, remember, please, From lwhom they came, and then alâ€" ow Due credit to the generous cow. Recount. her merits o’er and o’er. She'll serve you well ten years or more \Yith luxuries for table cheer And wholesome food from year to year. . Of cash she will gain you quite a. store, She'll pay expenses and much more. You are a mean man, I tell you now, If you abuse that faithful cow. and - l GRASSES FOR PASTURES. A prominent agricultural writer, a practical" farmer, answers an inquiry about permanent pastures, and as he gives his practical experience the in- quirer will be able to gain further ideas. The authority writes as follows: A writer asks for the best mixture of grasses for permanent pasture and time of sowing. In seedinga permanent pastureluse as many kinds of grasses as I think are suited to the soil, the more the better, and then those which are best adapted to the soil will gradually crowd out the others. Some eighteen years ago I seeded a permanent pasture of thirty acres, which baa/given the best; of satisfaction. I used Tlmothy,_ red and Alsike clover, bluegrass, orchard grass and redtop: I did not sow all of these over the entire field. only the Timâ€" othy, clover and. bluegrass, but the red-‘ top I sowed all along the runs and washes, and the orchard grass on the bits of creek bottom and the new ground. The result was very satisfac- tory, as I had a. good pasture from the start and as the clover and Timothy dis- appeared the permanent grasses took their places. The clover also furnishes in its decaying roots plant food for the grasses which are to remain. “One experiment that I tried on one acre gave excellent satisfaction, and that was transplanting bluegrass in- stead of sowing seed. All of our road- sides are set: with bluegrass, and I cut sod about two inches thick, and with a. spade cut it into pieces about two inches square, and we dropped these from bask- ets on a welbprepared seed bed in March, and stepped on them so as to press them into the, soil. \Ve. dropped them about two and one-half feet apart each way. and a square foot of sod out about enough pieces to cover a square rod, and as a square rod contains 272 square feet, it ,will be seen that it will furnis enough sod for over an acre and a. 11111 , or if out to just two inch square for more than two acres. The result was very satisfactory, as these pieces 'rew to the size of a dinner plate the irst summer, and. in three years cover- ed the ground, and the. acre I planted with sod in this way has produced more grass than any other two acres in the. field. 1 think this could be done best momma: 0 sweet oil by you, as you may want them at any moment. Always give just enough food at one time that it will all be eaten up; none should be left lying around. Always give as great a variety of food as possible; constant change of diet is the way to get the chickens on. Always give your birds a little hemp- seed and cooked meat when moulting. Always keep the floors of the houses and coops well covered with sand or ashes. Always rake the droppings off every morning. Cleanliness is a great pre- ventive of sickness. Always keep asharp lookout for ver- mm, and eradicate them as quickly as possible. Always do little odd jobs that want doing. at once. “Procrastination isthe thief of time," and often a. nail here or a tack there will save an hour's work. Always buy your food in as large quantity as possible, as you will then generally be able to get it at a. cheap- er rate. Always keep a strict account of all you buy or sell. By treating your hob- by in a thoroughly business way. you Will derive greater pleasure by seeing egactly how much profit you have earn- e. . Always be particular when writing a description of what you have to sell to an intended purchaser; this often saves a. lot of unpleasantness. _ Always remember that promptness in replying to letters is the way to secure customers. Always bear in mind that by continu- ally advertising you bring your name before the public, and thereby build up a substantial business. SPRING CARE OF HORSES. The teams. for the work of seeding and heavy plowing should be at once put at moderate work to harden the shoulders. The horse's work for the first day should be doubled on the sec- 0nd day and followed every other day afterwards for a fortnight, by three or four hour’s work. The loads to be drawn should also be increased from time to time. The condition of the roads is to be taken into account in loading the wagons, of course. The young. unbroken colts are to be handled with great care. The lumber wagon with the stout tongue is the safest thing to use for the first twenty day's work, in the case of untrained horses. Very little, if .any load. should be put on a. wagon drawn by green colts during the first ten days of work. This is. especially important if the ground 18 wet and soft. The brood mares if already well brok- en to work may be worked moderately; and Will be improved by the work. even up to theI day of foaltng, . if handled carefully. A half . day’s work during the week prevtous to delivery is the safer rule. Heavy pulling or a fast walking gait over soft ground or wet roads should be avoided. A place. by herself â€"a box stall at nightâ€"should be pro- vided for thirty days before the brood mare's date of delivery. Her food should be of the kind to regulate the entire system and give tone to the nerves and organs of digestion. N0 pains should be spared to furnish every attention needful. It ts probable that horses will be val- uable when this season's colts are grown. A STRANGE CUSTOM. .. 1 It is obligatory in Seoul, the capital of Korea, for every man to go home at sunset, when the ringing of the large bronze bell of the city is a. signal for every man to retire to his home. Any man found in the streets after sunset, when the. city gates are closed, is liable to be flogged for a. breach of the law. The women are, however, allowed to go out to take the air and gossip with their friends. Another curious distinction be- tween men and women is that the lat- ter havo no name before marriage. and that after marriage the husband he- comes answerable for his wife's misde- meanor and, in his own person, suffers the penalty inflicted. _ .._..__..~......_â€".~â€"- BLINDNESS-FROM THE MOON. A l’ccullnr Halmly Will: “11ch Are Somellmcs .tfl‘cctcd. Some notable cases of so-called moon- blink, or moon blindness, were reported a few days ago, the victims being sail- ors on board the ship El Capitan, which had just returned to New York after a. long cruise in Chinese and Japanese waters. These men, we are told, were in the habit of.lying on the. deck at night, with their faces turned upward. and as a. result were stricken with tem- porary blindness. During the daytime in September. to let it get rooted before| they could see well enough, but at the winter sets in. and I consider Sep- tember the best month in the year for seeding all the grasses, but would sow the clover in February or March fol-I lowing when the conditions were favor-' able. On clay upland clover should al- ways be sown' early, so as to be covered ' by the frost. Sow on a clear. bright morning, when the land is sharply froz- Len, but likely to thaw in the middle of the day. This thawing sticks the seed fast, so as to prevent its washing into; hunches. or. if the land slopes. entirely] off the field in places, should 3. rain fall soon. Sowing thus early the seed will be well covered before the weather is warm enough to sprout it, and will be in less danger of damage. from late; spring frosts than if sown later and! left on the surface. I think it always, pays in secdinga field to race to use; would usei commercial fer::lizcrs and a mixture of a fine, quick-acting phos- phate and pure ground bone." REMINDERS. The following suggestions are found v hideously swollen if exposed in the English Fanciers’ Gazette: Always carefully look over your flock: once a day. and if you see any birds mopey or dropping their wings. removal them then and there, as one ill bird.~ may affect all the rest. Always keep some [31mm salts and I found in medical wor night they could see nothing. This singular affliction beset them as long as. they remained in the warm coun- tries. As _to the cause or the exact nature of this disease no ex lanation is to .bc _ . Sailors them- selves believe that it is caused directly by the. moon. and man who have look- ed into_the subject 0 lunar influence agree With them. One thing is certain. moon blindness was recognized as a. curious malady many years ago. and by one, who evidently wrote after care- ul consideration,was attributed direct,- ly to lunar influence. Martin. in his "History of the British Colonies." a. book published-man ' years ago, says: “I have seen in rica newly-littered young perish in afew hours at the mother‘s side if exposed to the rays of the. full moon: fish become rapidly put- rid. and meat, if left e d. incurn able or an reservable by salt; the mar- iner. heed cssly sleeping on the deck, becomes afflicted with myqliplo in, on night blindness; at tunes I. c ace is during sleep to the moon's rays; the maniac's paroxysms are renewed with fearful vigor at the full and change. and the: co d. damp chill of the. a no supervones on_ the. ascendancy of iris apparently mild yet powerful luminary. Ix-t her influence. over the earth be studied; it ‘15 more powerful than is generally. known." PERPETUAL LEAP YEAR THERE 1 Shipwmked Sailor Washed Ashore and Mari-led Before. lie Wu Dry. News from the group of Tristan d'- Acunha. the three little islands mid- way between the Cape of Good Hope and the coast of South America, arrived at Victoria, B. C.. by the steamer Mioâ€" wera of the Canadian Australian line. To the Miowera it was given b)’ the Captain of the ship Dartford, spoken by the Miowera in Australian waters while on the northward course. The Captain of the Dartford. in re- porting the events of the voyage from London, announced that. in about. lati- tude 87 degrees 5 seconds south. and longitude 12 degrees, 16 seconds. west. his vessel was hailed by a small boat. The yards of the Dartford were hacked and the boat. came alongside. In it were several men and a quantity of potatoes, eggs, milk, and penguin skins. The mén offered the fresh produce and the skins in trade, saying they wanted clothing, tea, rice, sugar, and flour from the ship's stores in exchange for the articles they brought from their island home. They told the Captain that they depend on passing vessels for the pro- visions they named and for clothing. and that the inhabitants of the islands were in dire distress, because for six months not a boat had succeeded in hailing a ship. The Ca )tain of the Dartford lowered into the cat some flour and rice and tea and other groceries, and also some canned goods. Then the men begged for clothing for women. and particu- larly for corsets, hairpins, and ribbons. As the Dartford carried no such articles among her stores the ladies of Tristan d'Acunha must go corsetless and permit their hair to float in the breeze, not confined even by ribbona._ V _ The pulation of the island of 'Irts- tan d' cunha, as reported to theCapâ€" tain of the Durtford by the men mthe boat is sixty, the women outnutnbermg the men in the oportion of three to one. Therefore t are are forty-five .wo- men and fifteen menâ€"that means thirty unmatcd women. The group constsls of three tiny volcanic isles, Tristan, the largest, being seven miles in dia- meter. in the centre both a mountain 7,600 feet high; inaccesstb 6, about two miles across, and Nightingale Island. a baby islet, just big enough to hold two bills. The islands have been under the British flag since 1816, though, as the men in the boat told the master ofthe Dartford, no European Government has paid any attention to them in the memory of any of the inhabitants. \Vhen Napoleon was at St. Helena, 1,300 miles distant, a British garrison was stationed on Tristan, but was With- drawn after the death of the extle. Cor- poral \l’illiam Glass, his Wife and fam- ilykand two private soldiers. were crâ€" mitted to remain on the island w ion the garrison was withdrawn. The popu- lation had increased to. Sixty people, some of the accessions being due to ship- wreck and some to descrttons from whaling vessels. The Captain of the Dartford reported to the Miowera no explanation of the extraordinary majority of women. but as his parting bit of information he re- lated that the. men who souglit_ the corsets, the ribbons, and the hairpins told him that the latest addition to the population of the island was the second mate of the wrecked vessel Allen Shaw, who was washed upon the rocky shore. He was seized by the women and mar- ried before he was dry. â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"â€"-.â€"-â€"-â€"â€" THE BRITISH IN EGYPT. â€"â€" No Probability of That Country Bt‘lllfl Evacuated. The little breeze about the British evacuation of Egypt of the demand of the Sultan seems to have died ou’h says the New York Evening Post. There never was aparticleof probabil- ity in it. The promise of England to evacuate has faded away before the en- ormous advantages of her rule and be- fore the difficulty in finding anyone to take her place. It is fully admitted that Egypt cannot stand alone either militarily or financially. If she were left to hemelf the Mahdi or the Abys- smians would probably be in Cairo in two months; the finances would go to pieces (Egyptian credit now stands high). the old brutal modes of collect- ing taxes would be in again, and the reign of barbarism resumed. The British have 'never retired before a prospect of this kind. and we do not be- lteve any European power would un- der present circumstances think of insisting on her leaving, though France might be glad to see her do so. Com- pelling her to do so would be no easy task. as she can fling troops into Egy- pt very easil from India. some of. them. the. Slk is and Goorkus, a match for any troops in the world. It was a. force from India which drove tltelfrench out of Egypt in 1801. END OF A CONVERTED BANDIT. Lambros 'i‘elonis, a Greek bandit. of great notoriety. has been amncstied and had accepted the posdtion of cxecu~ tioner. This office is univorsally dc- spised in Greece. After having cut off the heads of a good many of his form- er aCCOIIlpllf'A‘S he retired from busiâ€" ness and decided to finish his days peacefully in Ilovolaki. his native vill- age, a lovely little spot hidden in a valley. But hardly had he settled him- self in his new abode than he became the prey of the villagzrra' contempt and instills. He was constantly reâ€" minded of his [last life, doubly stained with the blood of his fellow-men. and little children fled from him as from a monster. One fine morning the in- habitants of ilovolaki saw a corpse hanging from the steeple of ' their church. it was that of the bandit and executioner 'l‘elonis. REAL W EA'lllER NOMENCLATURE How is the weather out? asked Mrs. “'ickwire. . _ . , very puglhsllc, replied Mr. Wick- \\ lré‘. Very how? ' Windy and threatening. ‘. ‘g‘ e B. '1 . - A ‘ “Jaw..- ..-..W~. a "5......" M"...- ~_u._...- ._ " - -..... ____ . _ .f‘ awaits" r‘ lâ€" a 2‘2. - : l “.--â€"4---‘