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.v'i‘.e:-o.‘m SULD RS 0_l"_ THE CZAR HIS LOT IS INDEED A VERY cattle. HARD ONE. ~â€" .A. Study in the Life and Charâ€" acter of the Russian Private. In his ordinary, every-day careerâ€"â€" thas is, in time of peaceâ€"the genuine Russian soldier is an exceedingly amiable creature, wiites A. Fremdâ€" ling in the London Speaker. He seldom quarrels even in his cups. If anything, an over ' vodki makes him rather grow affec- tionate, sometimes even tragic. In his sober moments he is all good nature, song, and gaiety, with noth-l ing of the proverbial melchanoly of the Slav attached to him. But on reflection it will be Seen that it is only the Slav’s extraordinary capacâ€" ity for endurance that can make the daily life of the common soldier at all supportable. Added to the ex- treme rigor of discipline, which makes his term of service one long round of kicks and thumps from the sergeantâ€"major _(feldve‘oel) to the more senior private (diadka), each of whose superiority must be acknOW- ledged with - the orthodox salute, poor Tommy Toffskyâ€"as I would call him, by reaSon of his unqualified toughnessâ€"is fed and housed ImllOI‘ conditions unthinkable to the westâ€" ern mind. Pay there is practically none. In some of the crack regiments the private receives his ninety co- pecks every three months, which works out exactly to one farthing per day, allowing it, however, the purâ€" chasing power of one penny. But out of this he is expected to keep himself in bootâ€"blocking, pipeâ€"clay, and other trifles in the way of warâ€" paint, and sometimes even to pay fer the making of his boots, the ma- terials for which only are served out from the stores. Ilis washing he does himself (if any). l-Iis food, as originally regulated for him by the .War Office, might not be too bad nor too sparse; but he has the con- tractor to reckon with, and so his black, BADI..Y-BAKED RYE BREAD quite often has more sawdust than meal in it. Of this brutal mixture, with nothing but a grain or two of brown rock salt to flavor it and a draUght of pumpâ€"water to wash it down with, he manages to snatch a hasty morning meal while polishing his boots or grooming his horse, to get ready for drill or parade. The rigors of these, by the way, are per- haps unequalled in any other army, even the German. Apart from all else, in no other European country is the climate so given to alternat- ing extremes of cold and heat as it is in Russia. The far-seeing Russian military genius avails itself of that circumstance as a special means to inuring its fighting material to hard- ships. On a winter's morning, when the frost takes grip of your toes as between iron clamps, when it burns 011 the tip of your nose as a red coal, and cuts through the rims of your ears as with knives, men on parade are kept standing in statue- sque lines for half an hour or more, Eu‘aiting purposelyâ€"belated arrival of the senior oflicer. On the hottest day in summer, again, when the whole world is a huge Turkish bath, the soldier is kept marching and coun- terâ€"marching for hours under all the weight of the heaviest possible kit. I-lappily, the catering for the mid- day meal is beyond the grasp of the contractor’s cupidity, or the poor soldier might be made to dine all the year round off dead donkeys or chopped-up old boots. The regimen- tal, or, in cases of isolated detach- ments, the company artelschik (stewâ€" ard) appointed from amongst the .men themselves, looks to the meat and the vegetables; and the local Jewish butchers and marketâ€"gardenâ€" ers find it much harder to buy over the humble artelschik than the large contractor does to smooth it out with the colonel (polkovnik'). Possi- bly fear of detection might be greatâ€" or in the former case; for, as it stands with the whole world over, the small man may not sin half so often nor half so well. However, it so happens that Ivan gets at least ONE DECENT MEAL in the dayâ€"a generous measure of the national cabbage soup, a goodly portion of fresh beef. boned and run up a wooden skewer, and a bowlful of thick buckwheat gruel (kasha) with a round lake of melted fat in the middle. The evening meal, after a second round of drill, is a thin, watery, insipid broth, made of goodâ€"= ness knows what, with a few potatoes thrown in. There is seldom or never any variation. The seasons may change, new caps may come into be- ing, new buttons, new facings may be sprung upon his tunic, but the soldier’s dict does not change. As for housing, he 'is housed any- how. Just at the moment we read in the newspapers of thirty thousand reservists being herded in an open field, awaiting mobilization. Nothing better need be expected. So did Rus- sia with some forty thousand Turkish prisoners after the fall of Plevna, keeping them for a whole week penn- ed in like sheep, the sound and the sick together, flinging amongst them a shower of loaves pell-mell once in the day, by way of feeding them. The imagination may be helped a little, as to the cumulative effect of the treatment of those unhappy Turks, when it is added, in one line, that the stench four miles around was un- bearable. As a general rule, it might indulgence 1n - _____._._â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"- army, it Wflâ€"M ,.'____â€"â€" Mm... .31.?%;°‘;,,‘:“‘;0E3nf;Ԥ 33?; it??? S?.f:?§§.§“3.‘iif 3f..€“ll~..i”i£lLAlY SOUTHERN WHITES lNSTANCES 0F FAST WORK ier is something less than a, head of moving and the location of such certainly a good deal less train regardless of the class of than a horse. Between the sta‘bling {Ff-fight. Also we furniSh daily by of the cavalry horse and the lodging wire information concerning certain of its rider there is a. world of difâ€" loads to our General Agents at their ference in favor of the former animal. respefétive headquarters- CONSigHPCS Up to very recently beds and bed- are advised pf the location and pro- dings were unknown quantities in the 8‘1‘053 Of the” Sillpmenls‘ Russian barrack. The soldier car- This relates however merely to ried his moving cars. To know what and , . ,. , where these cats are is a different MAFIRLSS AND BLAIVKET' problem. Trains reaching destinaâ€" 'on his back in the form of a greatâ€" tion instantly lose their identity and coat. That used to be all, except the forty to sixty cars move in as isometimes a handful of musty straw many different directions. shaken over the hard plank. Things On the top floor of the headquarâ€" are a little better now, but that does ters building at St. Paul a small not apply to soldiers on the move, army of men in charge of Chief Clerk to the manoeuvres, or to the theatre McCauley see to it. that these cars :of war. The way they are disposed do not go astray. An average of of for the night amongst the villagâ€" about nine hundred reports a day ers reminds me of a certain lady I are received from freight conductors knew‘ in a small town in the south and as many more from agents and of Ireland, who kept some sort of at others covering the movemth {If licensed shebeen in a partition ofl‘ cars in their charge. These cover her kitchen, and took in lodgers on 30,000 to 35,000 home and foreign cattle fair days. She stood in her cars. 'A tremendous system of re- door pocketing the fourpences from cords is maintained formidible to the fall the drovcrs, thimbleâ€"riggers, and novice yet exceedingly simple in prinâ€" ballad singers that came the way, ciple by means of which it is impos- passing them all on to the loft over- Sible to move a freight car from one head. “Where’ll I find me bed, siding to another 2,000 miles aWay ma‘am?” one or the other might venâ€" unless information reaches the St. ture to enquire, looking up to the Paul oflice. Fortyâ€"five books contain already crowded loft. “Where‘ll ye the individual car records. These are fin’ yer bed, is it!” she would reâ€" never more than a few hours behind turn with a contemptuous toss of the actual movements of the cars. the head. at the idea of being bothâ€" Six huge books show the foreign cars cred any further, “How 'do I know? moving on Northern Pacific lines. A Go up the ladder.” lost car is charged against the 'forâ€" There is at least one distinguishing eign line which has receipted for it trait in the moral constitution of and such line is held responsible un- the Russian Tommy, and that is all til it has either produced the car his own. life is the most expert and receipt from some other line or paid the most brazenâ€"faced thief in the for it. The system of handling cars world. He will steal the apple out moving on home tracks is so com- Of your eye while you look him plete that months have elapsed since straight in the face, and will swear a single car was able to elude the a thousand oaths that he knows department even for a brief interval. nothing whatever about it. There "We receive twenty cents per day for cars off the line and one dollar per day for cars held longer than twenty days,” said Mr. Richards. “We pay foreign lines the same rate for the use of their cars. This item alone is of great magnitude. It proves an incentive to keep cars moving however and when the quesâ€" is a significant saying amongst Rus- sians: “Is this the way to the publicâ€" house," and its origin lies in the story of the soldier who. on being surprised by the inmates. of the house where he had let himself down through the chimney one night, coolâ€" ly asked whether he. was on the right road for the publicâ€"house. Some tion of money enters in other lines 110W, Vanka has got. it into his thick don’t let us go to sleep. Collections skull that he is within his rights to last year for per them and Similar lpiller all he can, provided only he items amounted to $546,000.” does it well. As a matter of fact, Two thousand cars come to the too, his punishment comes to him Northern Pacific every day and apâ€" only when he bungles and gets himâ€" proximately two thousand cars are self caught. A trio of Cossacks once sent off the line each day yet not captured a live fat pig, killing it on one gets lost. The tracing and check- the spot and carrying it off to ing system has been reduced to such their own den. They were seen to do accuracy that it; anI'd before long the owner caused ERRORS ARI}; IMPRQBABLE, an ofici 1 ma” - 2 l r . . - - the persgnalL (liLI'Idcttigiibifnlll‘f? . Handhng passmlgor cars Ling-trams ~ ' ' ' is a somewhat (liflerent question. In or shotnil'. Bu . . . . . found was ‘a Sick :3 Mr. Richards office there is an imâ€" . . A ‘ . . .h. . . , a g mense board winch is apparently 15 back in his great coat. with arms . x . . . . 1. , , : covered with queei coloxed pegs. folc ed and shapka (cap) drawn over 1 . . . . - I , . , leach peg fepfesents a cat. Color 1n- the face. It Was the pig; and when . , , .' .. I all “ms cuict arm,“ um Omcer (we dicatcs class and the selial allange- ‘ 1 5‘ ’ g‘ ment of the pegs a train or number 'them something to drmk' of trains. Each passenger train mom I ing over the system and there are TRACING RAILWAY CARS' ten “North Coast Limitcd's” and i , the same number for each of the Ver Few o" h ' . . . y 1 T em Get Lost For other overland trams constantly 1n An Conside ' . - - - v with egg comma-rig? every motion is shown on this. board. hour in the day alblt’l night c311stantâ€" Every car ls ShOWI-L If a car ls (impâ€" 1y shiftinrr never more than a few pea 0-“ mum or 1)“:de Up 0-“ You“: a hours in the same place how does a p-Og IS drown-d o-r added. A glmice railway keep track of- its equipment? glves a graph“? picture 9f the entire How can it ever tell how many cars passenger tram- swungon the loca- it has with which to handle its blisâ€" tum Of each tram and Its progress' iness and where it can out its hands Cllpplemented by an elaborate SSS- upon them? - mm of report? by telegrflph the boa”! The handling of cars is systematiyâ€" gives every “mime detml 0f the (la-VS ed. This is “the simple e‘lzplauation Passenger tram movements.‘ Luge . ‘ ’ ‘ . boxes arranged to represent a train of a seemingly difficult problem. 1 containin, 30.9 which 1.0 resent Some one at headquarters or divi- 31m . ‘- - E’ lug: p. ,. . . l . , , 10 cais in the ham contaln special 5‘0" pomts ls “unplug on the trml information in the form of re ort of every wandering bit of rolling n]. a L ' p stock and a tremendous system of reâ€" ° cords and tracers makes it practiâ€" J ' cally impossible for cars to get lost. The handling of the Northern Paciâ€" [ic's equipment is delegated to a sepâ€" arate branch of the service the our service department at the head of which is Ira B. Richards, formerly of ['l‘acona, and many years in the Norâ€" thern Pacific employ. Mr. Richards has grown up with moving cars. He knows them like a book. any of the distinctive features of the work of the Northern Pacific car service deâ€" partment have been worked out un- der his direction. Few railway lines [have been able to make such a deâ€" partment do more for the public and the organization of fifty-five clerks , .. .. 1 r . Irequired to transact the business of AB OLD SUIT OP CLOPHS' 'the department seems to be perfect. 01d MI'S. Bentleyâ€"“Josiah, “101‘0 Each disk has a number which apâ€" comes a shabby-looking man with a pears on each bit of correspondence bundle on his back, and I think we .origmatea or handled by if, and ought to do something for him." which enables a rapid distribution of Old Mr. Bener 'â€"“I’m willing. ithe thousands of letters arriving Maria." daily. ~ Old Mrs. B.â€"â€"“I say, my man, if The Northern Pacific Railway has you'll come into the house I may be inine hundred and thirty locomotives be able to find some decent clothing {moving practically day and night. 1‘01‘ VON-n Elt also has nearly eight hundred pas- 01d M1111 (gl'fltef‘llll’)â€""Tunk 3'01], :scnger cars which are handled by mum.” .means of a system applying excluâ€" Oltl Mrs. B. (in the house)-â€"“Now, islvely to this class of equiplnent the tllCl‘CVS a. lot Of castâ€"off clothing that gdetails of which are looked after by ml" h‘leflnd doesn't want-H ‘Chief Clerk Ballion and his force. Old Man (examining the 101: \‘M‘y gBut the important task is the handlâ€" Cambiumâ€"“V011,, 1' sif you one (101- ;inS‘ 0f its 34.178. freight cars and lar fur the lot, und, so help me, not ,the 4,000 to (3,000 additional freight‘voncent more." {cars of foreign lines Constantly movâ€" 01d MI‘S- Liv-“But I want to give ging between St. Paul and Portland. 3:011 the Glowing-n ! Asned what service his department Old Man (looks 0V0? the 10C again, fperforms for the public in locating Verb": VCl‘y cal‘el‘lllll')â€"”Vcl1, I {011 :shipmenis moving over the Northern .VOU V01) 1 do; I (lake xem." ,Pacif‘n: Mr. Richards said: "“‘~ 1 “We undertake to furnish on re- “Darling,” exclaimed the happy fq'lCSt complete information showing hUSllfllld. after 1110 minister had IM‘O- the Iol'ation of any loaded car inovâ€" nouced the fatal words, "I all} not ing on our rails. We tell shipper Worthy of you.” “Of course you when it will reach its destination. 31‘0 not.” She I'Oillit‘di “but after a We find shippers consider such infor- B‘il‘l has celebrated 1101‘ twentyâ€"fifth mation valuable to them and a specâ€" birthday for [We 001500111ch Neal's. ial telegraph recm‘d is maintained for she can't afford to be 1300 Pfll'li- Richards asks: “What equip- ment is in the Limited which left Portland yesterday and where is the train? The operator instantly gives the location, the engine, coach equip- ment, and any fact which may throw light upon the trains movements. Thousands upon thousands of car reports come into headquarters each week, each sifting to the proper man and. finding its final resting place in the proper cabinet or record. The days when “maverick” cars existed have passed. Cars cost too much and lost cars are a money burâ€" thcy were lost until a proper acâ€" counting is made. +â€"--â€"â€"_.â€"-c be said that the standard of comfort that purpose for all cars that move CUlul‘.” amongst the Ilussianpeople is low0r than what it is amongst more wes- tern people. But concerning the 'over MORE THAN ONE DIVISION. “Given a. car number we can Nearly 80,000 estates changed in- hands in Great. Britain last year. SAID TO BE VICTIMS OF THE HOOKWORM. The Little Parasite Has Made Its Appearance in the North. ' That insidious parasite, the hookâ€" wm‘m, which is responsible for the cnervating disease sometimes describv ed as laziness, that has the south in its deadly grip, has made its ap-' pearance in the north says the Brooklyn Eagle. It has been locat- ed at Buffalo, at Middletown, Conn., and at one or two of the mining towns of Pennsylvania. These facts have been reported to the Govern- ment doctors and scientists who are trying to ascertain whether the hooliâ€" worm has invaded the nosth for good or whether itsappearance is the result of local causes and will not be repeated. The above cases have been report~ ed to Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, who shocked the United States a year or so ago with the statement that a tiny worm, half an inch in length, and no larger around than a hatpin was the cause of the widespread anaemia in the southern rural sand districts. LAZY s'OUTnEnN warms. Dr. Stiles has been investigating this parasite for four or five years. He got interested in the little hookâ€" ed worm long before be suspected that it was responsible for the dis- ease that saps the vitality of hun- dreds of thousands of people in the southern states. Long study of its habits of life, and its constant ocâ€" currence in persons afflicted with diz- ziness, emaciated in body, impoverâ€" ished blood generally run down and with no desire to work, finally led to the susbicion that the liookxvorm was responsible for these conditions. The hookworm disease of the South differs somewhat from that of the. old world complaint. What has heretofore been called malaria, and Complaints supposed to be the result of dirt eating, are now known to be due to the hookworm. The hookworm is usually about half an inch in length and about as large around as a hatpin. lit has a distinct curve, being shaped some- what after the fashion of a boomâ€" erang. Sometimes the curve is in the middle of the Worm. The paraâ€" sites are provided'with a heavy ar- matUre of sharp teeth by means of which they pierce the intestinal muâ€" cosa of their victim, causing minute hemorrhages and greatly weakening the patient. The injury to the inâ€" testinal walls does not stop with the bite. The wounds form an excellent point of attack for bacteria, and the intestinal wall becomes diseased. , The uncinaliasis may -be swallowed in contaminated food or . DRINKING WATER. Persons handling dirt are especially apt to get the microscopic. worms on their hands, and it is an easy matter to transfer them to the mouth. The observations of- Dr. Stiles are to the effect that whites are more susceptible to attack than negroes, and, althouin it ocdurs in both blondes and brunettes, it is more noticeable in the former class. Per- sons who work about earth fall ready victims to the parasites, which enter the system for the most part through the skin. Thus bricklayers, miners and farmers are particularly subject to the trouble. It has also been found that women and children suffer more from the hookworm than men. Dr. Stiles has found what he be- lieves to bc a sure cure for this un- canny disease. He prescribed thymol and male fern, to 'be administered after a diet of milk _and soup for three days. Doses of these drugs have effected euros in less than a, week; that is, have removed the cause of the disease by expelling the Worms. There is more or less (lan- ger connected with the. use of thymol becauSe of its poisonous effect on the system, and it should be administer- ed only with great care. ..__.__.._.A--.â€"-._ ........ SLEEI'LESS CREATURES. There are several species of fish, reptiles, and insects which never sleep during the whole of their exisâ€" tence. Among fish it is positively known that pike, salmon, and goldâ€" fish never sleep at all; also that there are several others in the fish famin that never 51001) more than a few minutes a month. There are dozens of species of files which never indulge in slumber, and from three to five species of serpents which also never sleep. KILLED BY JOY. A workmen named Otto, residing in Berlin, had been dismissed by his employers, and walked the streets for a fortnight. He grew dcspondcnt be- cause he could not obtain employâ€" ment, and was on the point of com- mitting suicide when he received oflicial intimation that he had just won $2,500 in the State. lottery. Otto was overjoyed at the news, and hurried in apprise. his friends of his good fortune. lle had scarcely walkâ€" ed a few yards in the street when he fell to the ground deadâ€"killed by .on- \i',\rt.e-â€"â€"“lh'owne is very econrunizrzil isn’t he?" 'l’nlack-llz'oWnc'? Well, I‘ll tell you. Browne is the son. of man who, when he wants an awl, and hasn't any. instead of buying tone. will go to work to make- one lhy straightening out a corl:--:2:rew." ASTONISHING THINGS DONE IN ONE DAY. .â€" Sir Edwin Landseer’s Great Re: cordâ€"Mr. Bryan Shook Hands. One of (the most remarkable and most artistic of t.Wentyâ€"four hours' records stands to the credit of Sir Edwin Landseer, who had promised a picture for the Spring Exhibition of the Royal British Institution in 184-5. 011 the day before the open- ing he was found standing in front of an untouched canvas. “I shall send that to the Institution t0< night, a finished picture," he declar- ed to the astonished messenger who had been sent by the Hanging Comf- niittce to see if the promised picture Were. ready, “and have consequently given orders not to be disturbed." True to his word, Lan'dsecr put the finishing touch to his canvas and dispatched it to Pall Mall that very evening; and as “The Cavalier’s Pets” it was one of the greatest suc- ceSSes of the exhibition. BOTH AUBER AND MOZART performed equally wonderful feats of, rapid workmanship. Mozart Was making merry with his friends at midnight when not a single note was written of the overture to “Don Gio- vanni," which was to be produced on the following evening. When he had said goodâ€"bye to his friends he calmly went to bed and slept until five o’clock in the morning. :Awaking refreshed, and with a bowl of punch in front of him, he set to work on the overture,- dashing off sheet after sheet with incredible rapidity and dispatching them to the copiers. The opera was to begin at seven in the evening, and a few minutes later Mozart was in his place as conducâ€" tor, baton in hand, while the parts with the ink still wet on some of them were being handed to the cr- chestra. Not long ago Mr. W. K. Vander- bilt, -Iun., decided to have a rail- way constructed around his estate at Deepdalc. and as he wanted it in a hurry he saw no reason why it should not be made in a. day. For a millionaire to order is to be obey- ed; and within twentyâ€"four hours the Deepdale estate was GIRDLED BY A RAILWAY a mile long and an. engine drawing a freight train was snorting its way along it. When, some time since, Calientcs, a tOWn of 2,000 inhabi4 tents, just over the Nevada line, was virtually wiped off the map, owing to a change in Denator Clark‘s transcontinental railroad. which was being built tOWards the Pacific Coast, its inhabitants made little to do about being thus ieft in the lurch. They simply packed up their belongings, made for a point on the new route, and ' within twenty-four hours had run up another town large enough to accommodate them all. Another remarkable record was made by Mr. Bryan during his Presi~ dontial campaign four years ago. Not a small part of the duty of a candidate for the White House is to shake hands, by the thousands, with his supporters; and on one day in October, 1900 Mr. Bryan eclipsed all records by gripping no fewer than 11,420 hands between an early breakfast and a late supper. An astonishing musical feat was performed recently at Padua. when Belicia, “the world's champion for uninterrupted pianoâ€"playing,” gave a recital'lasting from seven o'clock on Sunday morning to eleven o'clock on Monday evening. During this time. he played 2:30 compositions from memory, with only two pauses of TEN MINUTES EACH. An Italian professor not long ago recited the whole. of Dante's “Di- vine Comedy" from memory, in a. continuous sitting of twenty ‘hourS. He began at six o’clock one evuning and finished at two the following afternoon, was never once prompted, and did not make a single mistake. At the‘ National Sporting Club Tom Burrows, an Australian ath- letc, succeeded in swinging a pair Of clubs for thirty consecutive hours, maintaining an average rate of fifty- five evolutions a minute. A company of changeâ€"ringers a very few years ago rang a peal of Double Norwich Court Bob Major of 15,072, changes on the Erith Church bells. The pcal was commenced at eight. o'clock in the morning and was concluded at twentyâ€"five minutes past fiVe. in the afternoon; and a band of Birmingâ€" ham bellâ€"ringers also achieved a reâ€" markable feat one recent Boxing Day on the bells of St. Martin's. In, eight hours 133,332 chimes Were struck and 11,111 changes were rung without a moment's rest or interâ€" mission. 4.. AN OI’THLIST. The story of the laziest man yet discovered comes from the south. “Yes, sir, he was the laziest man on record. What do you reckon he did when his house was on fire?" “Dunno.” “Warmed his hands at the blaze, and said he was thankful he didn't have to split the wood for it!" Ill-okwlvighrvâ€"“I did think of order- ing a suit from (Butts, but I couldn’t get, him to promise to let me- have it in time." NC‘-‘-’ltt--â€"“\V‘h,\'. he's usually very prompt." 'flrokeleighâ€" “Oh, yes; but he waute’l me to be equally prompt."