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r> ,‘ . .1. - ,._ .-i in, cw Lig lll‘OWll on {lowers Bloody scenes Lower Element Started to Pillage, Burn, and Kill, and Soldiers Sternly Mowed Down Mob to _ Protect a Half Million Citizens. J wwwswewswmwvwvwwwaawwww “'1 and a good clean linen The following extracts are from the I put on private letters of an Englishwoman ' dress.’ written to‘ friends at the time of the COAXED SERVAMTS To BED, troubles with the Potcmkine mutinâ€" “Half an hour passed. Then an. 901's at Odessa-z [other crash. By this time the entire; “Odessa was transformed. Insteadihouschold’ with the exception of the{ of living in a peaceful, busy, CUIIi-fc001{_ were in walking dress. Check mercial town, we seemed to be on albooks’ passpor‘ts, and money had deVil’S Playground- Bombs: riOtS"bCCll fashioned into a cunning little fire, and the expectations of boiii-fdress jlnprovel‘ under the Burma’s bardmeut from the mutinied crew of’skirt’ and smau handbaskets packed the Petemkine- combined to ma“°-i\*itli cognac, bread, and sausages. the change. How we hated thefThen we waited again. The soldiersI great turretted ship, with her heavylclosed we Street, They ordered 115' 311115 trained Night and (my 0“ theito close all windows on the Polish, defencclcss townâ€"for dcfencelcss \vejstmot. The master of the house reâ€"i were during three long days, Oncitjrcd to rest“ Then we coaxed they thing alone was certain; the. Jewishiservants to bed, Mania, the cook, ‘blind’ had armed their people, andremarking that at any rate her, the bombs thrown on Cathedralcorpses would be buried clean. square told us that the society werei “And, strange to say, most 0f us,i provided with more powerful weap-.w0m out by. the anxiety and watch 0113 than fireal'ms- of the previous nights, contrived toi VAN'ARCHISTS’ OPPORTUNITY. get some SleeD-_ , I 1 "By Sunday the Potemkine was no (e: “In the afternoon the fire gone. and confidence was restoredd OUt- Every ineh 0f the harbor Scem'ilt was wonderful how the peoploj ed to be on fire‘ The glare from the:adapted themselves to the changed; burnt ships and buildings, the thick;Ch.cumsumces. The Squares had been. blaCk SmOke celumns 0f the Coaliturned into encampments, and the Whalves' the “00‘? led light 0“ 1‘u’ngvorniks and workmen and then , and“ sea, made a pictuie 1 shall iievei , wives sat about gossiping, Johmg, I forget: A Storm or throats: 8‘ rattle and laughing with the soldiers ofi’ of pistol shots, and a shower of‘duty. They gave quite a hpmehkc stone greeted the firemen. and somelook to the state of siege. In thei _of them fled back to their statiOiis. }cvehihg came th,3 can to prayers, and And at, the t9!) Of the Inllltel‘yiuie sound of the strong voices of the .Ispuck, 1 or» incline, a party of All-{111011 chanting. the evening hymns upl archists were stationed on the roof-.ded to um sense of security and of a wing of the Crimean I‘Iotel,101.dm._n awaiting their opportunity when thei ________+-_ rush of the populace should come. I “About midnight a 0‘ Willi) PGWER 0F ARIELLERY man tumult told us that the people were coming from the harbor. So fierce and vodka-niaddcncd were they that the officers doubted their power to stem the rush of the yelling, 4 smelt-blackened mob. Huge, powcr- War In Manchuria the First Con- ful grain carriegs fluid cloak Chant-ls flict in Which Latest Guns were 'iere, an snn a 'ie ircasâ€" , _ sians; Jews mixed with RgUSsian stu-i Have Been TeSted' dents; unsexed shriekiing women were: everywhere. And everywhere was the scum of our cosmopolitan town howling, firing, and surging towards LESSONS IN JAPAN’S VICTOR- IES ON LAND AND SEA. When the official history of the Russoâ€"Japanese war comes to be compiled it will probably be found the square. Ithat the most interesting chapters l\Vlll be those relating to the use and SOLDIERS PROTECT PUBLIC- {effect of the new artillery and the “The soldiers’. walked between twovhigh CXPIOSiVeS employed- fires, the mob in front and the Anarâ€"’ It is the lll‘St great 001131“ in chists in the rear. Stronger and which full scope was found for the more furious pressed the mob, while products of modern mechanical and we who watched, blanched, thinking Chemical SCleDCe as appliefl to We of the riot and destruction that art and Dl‘anHe 01' War, and 110 threatened the city. The rioters doubt the gun factories and chemical gained ground, but the soldiers never laboratories of all the great military wavered. Volley after volley rang and naval Powers have been hard out again and again, and yet again at work since the first technical reâ€" and then the arrival of machine guns ports began to come in from the opâ€" settlcd the contest, for there was no posing armies profiting by the exâ€" hcsitation in using them. The soldâ€" perience which the liussians and Jaâ€" ier's faces were stern set; the safety panese have been gaining at so great, of some 500,000 fellow creatures and '3, cost“ Uleil‘ own lives were at Stake, andl The effects of field gun fire in past so the guns mowed furrows into theiwars have been much 1055 destruc- ranks of the rioters, decapitating‘tive to life in battle than is 1301311- here and ainputating there, until thellarly supposed. The killed and Inf”) Suflflenly Scattered “1 headiW‘ggwounded in the Franco-German war, flight. l’liey left more work behindifor instance, from artillery fire than our (ION-’0” coum grapple Wlth‘ iformed only some 1.5 per cent. of the ORDINARY LIFE RESUMED. total casualties. - _ i ' ‘ . ‘ .1. “It was strange on Thursday mornâ€" I]ng .Yveis 1037.1“ng glut] part Of mg. to watch me town striving to 1,e_',lllct iauica (e iciencus in e weaâ€" sume its ordinary course. The ice_'pons compared With modern guns, to men, milkmwmen’ and bakers again {the uncertainty of the fuses used in began their rounds. The sunrise was ithe shells and to the want of accur- bcautiful that morning over the redâ€" ale rangdmdm‘sv tinted clouds and sea, but what the THE BLACK POWDER sun illumined in the harbor few of . _ , ,, us here care to remember. The Jewâ€"£11130 the“ "‘- “5‘5 had lmmauons isli bund and the Maximo Goi‘liy’s,lJOUl as ‘1 Propelllng l‘Ol'ee and {155-311 heroes had had their day, and I do lexlflo-‘ii‘W in Shells: though it was not’ think the results could have been IICSS under ordinary conditions satisfactory even to them, Ruincdfto the rapid decomposition to which buildings, burnt and sunken ships, :Ule medern Compounds 611'0 8111310013. quays that had been crowded witlii TO a certain extent it was the lim- busy workers and were now turnediitations in the powor of the old into smoking ash-heaps were on evei-y,cliaicoal powder that retarded the hand, and everywhere, too, lay thOEOITOCUVG improvement in artillery charred fragments of human beingsiev-entually called for by the discov- who had been burnt beside the vodka !cries of chemical research. 80 soon casks, from which they had been too,as chemistry brought into existence intoxicated to move when the flamcs.the new explosives the days of the swept up to them. It had been aiold cast iron gun were numbered, holocaust indeed. No wander the men'and the arts of the metallurgist and Whose duties t00k them 120 the i11-liiriecliauic were brought into rivalry land harbor-(10 11013 care to Speak 0f with that of the chemist, each tryâ€" that morning’s work. TWeiityâ€"five mg to produce a weapon or an ex- wagons Pf dead bOdieS PiCke‘1 I“? at plosivc which would be equal to the the Pollsh "Simek"; the mlhtel‘y highest requirements in war. 'SPUCk inn“ lmvoneen more, 110’“ Improvements in the infantry rifle to mentlon the * Whom Boulevard! and field guns followed each other where the rush was the most despcr- so rapidly that an army was hard].V ate Of 1111' provided with a new weapon before SHELL FROM REBEL SHIP. it became obsolete and ,another took “That Thursday was an intermim its place, and' soon the smokeâ€"giving able day. The entire town seemed on higher CXPIOSWC “'85 Superseded by the watch for some surprise, and the smokeless" of still greater force. about 8 o’clock it came in the Then came the distinction between shape of a five sheu from the Pot- the smokeless explosive, intended to cmkine. There was a general rush PI'ODEI the bllllet 01‘ 811011 01‘ Solid te- balconies, roofs. and any placelbolt from the gun, and that intended where a, view could be gained of the'to be used as a bursting charge for ship. People living on or near the the projectile of the most modern i'spucks’ began to prepare for flight. kind. (I .Mahm': said the mistress, en_ The brown cocoa. powder and other tering the kitchen of a flat on the forms of the same material that fol- Polish Street, qeave everything at lowed theblack powder have given once; here is your passport.’ place to higher compounds, of which " 'I have not washed myself, Bar-,nitroglycc-rin is the basis, and which inn,’ said the cook grossly, but, truelare known as cordite in the British to her sex even in the hour of dan-Eservice and by other names in other gar, feud if we are to fly, I mustmountries, where, also, the form ins. t from the first 'Port Ai'tl‘iur, down to the last and: which the material is manufactured deficient in most of the scientific apâ€" varies. But it was along time beâ€" plianccs for their guns with which fore a compound was found which the Japanese were amply supphed. was stable and did not use up the and lacked the explosive that made life of the Weapon in which it was ithe Japanese shells a terror to the used too rapidly, owing to the oro- garrison and fleet. The consequence sion caused by the gases evolved [was that, with all chance of relief from the acids employed in the man- cut off, the surrender was only a ufacture matter of time and expediency. ‘ 1 , m. a . , , , As regards guns; it is a question rlHL LA'IEbP EXPERIMEle whether we have not about reached have produced a more satisfactory the limit of power, chiefly because material, but the research for a betâ€" there is no known metal or process ter continues. of hardening those employed in makâ€" In the matter of explosives for ing cannon that can resist the wear bursting charges for shells and .and tear of use. which also becomes mines of all kinds compounds of greater with the inci‘caSed caliber of picric and guncotton are the most the piece and generally employed. The difficulty WEIGHT OF THE PROJECTILE. \‘.’."ll a picric compound has been tol obmin the best châ€"ect Between the modern gun and that of 11; some cages as {D lyddite it is [this year in the last. century there too sensitive and is dangerous to if asxgll‘egt algllifl‘?§cfl1£: between the gun throwing a shell with which “,0, 0‘ 1‘ oslvcs e 1 I ‘ ' it is Chm,ng besides exploding lhe best of the old guns that were . ’ . ‘ . _ - " s ' r ‘ for the against armor Without penetration. Yng {zlg‘llxégogloif 31:51 apglmxh --n x ‘l‘illlC‘ltS are said to have ' ' . ". . new t 0 pt ‘ ‘ =mately accurate in their fire, for the lfiiillfs’tfigplosmn ?reason that the axis of the bore had shelll _ , _ ._ h, T f penetrated the plate representing. the .almost invaiiably anyt mg rom one armor of a battleship. or L\VO as much as five degrees variâ€" The French nielinite is said to anâ€" ation in some guns from the axis of . si litiii and the line of elevation. In swer all requn‘ed purposes, but the g g ‘ secrecy.r which has been kept regardâ€" :those (lays the best gunner was the ing its manufacture and use, so far; lone who had become familiar with - . the vagaries of his Weapon at all a ‘ the n‘ciier-il ul lie is concerned ° . LS -° ‘ . P J ’ lrangcs, and knew where to planthis leaves it uncertain. have their form of the picric Other countries . . c0m_ ‘shot in spite of them. . . . ‘1 modern icce mechanical pounds Wllh which their war departâ€" In u 0 p inents profess themselves satisfied,] perfection and the use of mathemati- , .. .- , - - . - cal and optical appliances for range 1:11;: 31:]:t:iagecfllgglilginagglevmg It 1finding and sighting have diminished But it would appear from the exâ€" the value of the human factor in . . . i w. v: while th- demand a perience gained during the present 's’ome (LS’ Ly war that the shimose explosive, so [more cultivated intelligence in the called after the celebrated J apanesel manipulation of the gun. chemist who ii'ivented it, possesses From the cast iron, bronze or steel . . . ; v' .i ' , - 1. the highest qualities of any known gun’ with the bow mm“ D Cd‘uced as regards stability, force and sub- by a core or cut out by machinery, We passed on to the gun with a mission to control. Evidence ofi ‘ y. . U these qualities is to be found in the we: .ls‘gflbfiyllze’u “2:303:32? 3: results wherever it has been used W O 3 l l p ' "i l. tit)" lt . i ., . 'cry siOit expeiicnce, ia gainec a . r - athfm at bhkmmpo’ ithe bombardment of Alexandria in when the Variag was battered al-. _ , . . . . . . . 21882, demonstrated the Vital imper» most out of shape as iegaided hei . .. , V 'fCCthl’l of this type. uppci- works, through the Siege ofi Although not subjected to any 0» itraordinary test, such as extra rapid most disastrous defeat of the Rusâ€" Hire, these guns broke down in every sians in the Sea of Japan. I c r ' I ' ‘ Not only was the Japanese fire reâ€" lwd’y' Fhe sue! .ulbos Of. some or ~ . ‘ “ ’ - 'them split while the iackets of markablo for its accuracy, but it; ’ _‘ was st,“ more so for w; terrible of_,otbei's were displaced to such an exâ€" fect, which, moreover, was not (inâ€"£3311” mat they were pm" out or acâ€" "ril i "ll'lllC 1. Th iflin 'tnd' ' . m ("V nu“ d a 0 St g c The demands for more rapid fire poisonous character of the gases evolved on the bursting of shiinose! charged shells on board the Russian ships simply than was possible with the best meâ€" chanical applianc0s for the charging of the muzzleâ€"loading gun led to the evolution of the breechloader and PARALYZEI) THE CREWS, ultimately to the quick firing Wea- clioking them and rendering them inâ€" lpon or large calibqr HOW-.1“ use In capable of action. ‘cvei‘y navy and being rapidly adoptâ€" Those in the llnâ€"I 1 _ 1 1 , F f. ‘11 a mediate Vicmity of the 0x13108011!“ 1“ am scivme. .tor H. C null“, who were not 85 s C S eon killed by pieces of ithe rap'd fire. _ , shell were destroyed by the force of “1‘9”th to gloat perlecuon' and the detonation, While those further “us 1S. @130 true 0f the smaller guns away suffered from concussion of the 0? posltlon and 0f guns for Sea Sm" brain. Vlcc’ During the South African war the SUCH AS THE G'INCH GUN- Boers had much the same experience As yet the number of shots that with the British lyddite shells, beâ€"1can be fired from the larger guns, sides having their skin where exâ€" 'such as the 12â€"inch, is restricted, 'but posed turn to a deep yellow by the lin the naval action the Weight of gas evolved. One of the latest metal charged with high explosives forms of a picric compound is known that can be thrown in a few minâ€" as maximitc, of which great things lutcs practically assures victory, are said, but the shiinose is the only lwhere there is an equality of force, one of them all that has proved its {to the side which gets in the quickâ€" eflicacy in war. est and best directed fire at the The damage done to buildings by lstart. The Russian fleet in the bat- shells charged with such high exâ€" .tle of ’l‘su Shima left a permanent plosives as the shimose'conipound is imemorial to the truth of this. naturally far greater than that by What the effect of the progressive the old time charcoal powder, exâ€" changes in guns and explosives is cept when the shell containing it going to have in the case of naval fails to explode on striking. But bombardments of coast defenses is the effect on ordinary earthworks a problem of, the future. Hitherto and regularly constructed batteries the land batteries have generally had is prodigious. the best of it; but given a steady They are. simply reduced to a 'gun platform and fine clear weather, shapeless heap, untenable by the deâ€" the chances Seem turning in favor of fenders, who must either surrender ‘the ship. On land conditions are or abandon their positions, as the equalized, for both sides can employ Russians were obliged to at Port vertical as well as horizontal fire, Arthur. The bombardments of the the former as the Japanese showod works defending Sebastopnl were at Port Arthur being effective in the child’s play compared with the fire highest degree when scientifically diâ€"' from the Japanese batteries after rccted Gen. Nogi had got (lOWn to his work The unfortunate thing in the pm- at. Port Arthur, but the forces were sent war from the professional point more equal, hence the duration of of view is that in a great many reâ€" the siege, eleven months. spects the conditions Were unequal, At Port Arthur the Russians were and it is morally certain that wher- THE BONE OF CONTENTION BUTTS IN. The Dogsâ€""What has the bone got to say about what We do with it?” Mflfmwâ€"MW l l W _______â€"_.___.__â€"__â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"J ever on the Japanese side there may have been circumstances or causes 02 success not known to the outside world they will naturally not be div vulged, but Will be guarded with the strictest secrecy, so that many of the problems of modern war still remain for solution. Strategy and tactics even are be- ing modified in application by the rapid changes that are taking place in the scientific and mechanical ap- pliances used in battle, and if one looks ahead only a couple of de- cades the possibility that science may discover methods of destructicin so terrible that War will kill \var‘ presents itself. It only needs that some new discovery in chemistry, or some means of utilizing electricity in the destruction of ships and large bodies of men be placed at the dis- posal of some government and war would be revolutionized. The "vrcl” of Bulwer’s imagina- tions has not yet been found, but we may be on the threshold of its discovery: and then all the warships and guns of the world will become material for the scrap heap, for they will be of as little use against it as the spears and shields of the old Vikings in their cockle-boats Would now be against the latest battleâ€" ships put afloat. M...»â€" BI'I‘S OF KNOWLEDGE. Little Chunks of Interesting In- formation. Every German fortress keeps on an average 200 carrier pigeons. Powdered codiish is sometimes used in Iceland to make bread, in place of flour. A cork tree must be fifty years old before it produces bark af 8, commer- cial value. Balloonists say that birds' flight is limited to 1,315 feet above the surface of the earth. I The Czar has a single estate cov- ering over 100,000,000 acresâ€"three times the size of England. Toothâ€"brushes and toothâ€"powder are to be supplied to all the inmates of the Austrian prisons. A system of electric cooking and dishâ€"washing is to be installed in all the warships of the United States navy. Manna Loa, in the Sandwich Isâ€" lands, 13,650 ft. high, is the highest mountain which rises directly from the sea. Out of 77-1; millions of acres of land in the United Kingdom, only 28 millions are under permanent pas- ture. Since 1892 no newspapers have been printed on Sundays in Norway, and since 1895 no bread has been baked on that day. London and Liverpool are both at the level of the sea. Glasgow is 30 ft. above it, Manchester 50 ft., and Birmingham 300 ft. Siberia could contain all Europe except Russia, and there would still be room left for another country twice the size of Germany. The largest cabbage farm in the world is near Chicago. It is 190 acres in extent, and yields nearly 1,- 250,000 cabbages each crop. Birthday celebrations are unknown among female Moors. They consider it complimentary to be absolutely ignorant of their age. The site of a. little cigar shope at the corner of Wall Street, New York, has just been sold for $700,000. This works out at $126,000,000 an acre. The baya bird of India has the cur- ious habit of fastening fireflies to its nest with moist clay. On a dark night such a nest might be taken for an electric street lamp. In Georgia the mountaineers catch trout with a sledgeâ€"hammer. Their. practice is to thump a rock under which a trout seeks refuge with a, hammer, the concussion rendering the fish senseless and an easy prey. In many parts of the Australian Continent beeâ€"farming has become a profitable and popular occupation. There are at present over 250,000 hives in Australia, producing from 10,000,000 1b. to 15,000,000 350an annually. A French newspaper mwrts hat the trade in "artificial" mummies in Egypt amounts every year to more than $250,000. Most of the up-to- date “mummy factories” are located in Italy, but there are also a numâ€" ber of them in Germany and France. Organâ€"grinders in Verviers, I301- giuin, are by law compelled to ap- pear every morning before the police superintendcnt and play their instru- ments. The organs which chance to be out. of tune must be set in or- der before a license to play on the streets will be granted. AT LIAU-YANG. War is a sorry business, but not ignoble while such stories as those recorded in "From rl‘okyo to Tiflis" can be told of men. One is of a. young lieutenant, known throughout Japan as the hero of Motienling. In the advance on Lian-yang he was among the foremost. Charging with his men through a. field of giant milâ€" let, he was struck by a. splinter of an exploding shell, which tore away part of his lips, shattered teeth and wounded the tip of his tongue. He was ordered to retire, and behind a. slight shelter the field surgeon did quick Work. 'Despite his pain, the man was seen to smile, and attemptr ed to mumble some Words in his now blurred speech. The surgeon bent; down to catch what he was striving to tell. The young man’s smile deepened, and he made a motion with his head toward his hands and feet. “They are still there." he thickly murmured. "I can still fight for my country." in” 333.0? I Aid-i fires I T???