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i. }. y. ..i-.».~,.rvv um . . ca “maâ€"WAN-z'w/Mâ€" x1» ~‘ ._,M...»o Mvw «- «an . (gym A _..r~.;~.~.~<. .,.V u "‘1‘ w.\.vil,< s «,vaw... _, .. T» - the believed the ,‘EARLY‘ RIPENING WHEAT PRESTON, STANLEY. HURON AND PERCY VARIETIES. â€" litlr. Chas. E. Saunders, of the Experi- mcit‘ral Farm, Ottawa. Discusses Their Qualities. i In response to requests for precise in- formation in regard to the characteris- tics and qualities of Preston and 501119 other early wheels, he following brim summary of the principal facts has been l.preparod. 1 Preston is the best known of all the iearly wheats grown in Canada. It tSccms advisable, however. in discuss- Iing the subject, to consider at the same time the related vanieties. Stanley. HU‘ tron. and Percy. These four sorts have {all been originated from crosses made lot the Central Experimental Farm in itho year 1888 and are of essentially the "tsame percentage (Red File or White ‘Ii'ifc crossed with I.adoga). As usually 38T0W'11 they are very much alike in midst respects and are not distinguish- able from each other after threshing. ,The kernels resemble Red Fife, but any competent judge can easily detect the "difference between that variety and these others, provided all the samples con- lsi-st‘ of properly matured grain in pure ticon-d-ition. Mixtures of these wheels with Red Fife cannot be accurately sep- ‘arated by examination of the kernels. , The statement sometimes made that these early wheats resemble or are re- llatcd to whcals of the durum or “mac- aroni” or “Goose” class is absurd. They lbelong to the F ife class and have no lrelationship or similarity to Goose ,{wtieaL . L The distribution of these varieties llfrom (the Experimental Farms was be- iguln many years ago, before the char- .'ncteristics of each sort had been fully fixed by selection; and hence it is new ‘lllsually possible in an ordinary field )of any of these wheats to find heads 101‘ kernels of more than one type. In order to overcome this objection, to '1t-m prove the varieties as much as pos- ,isiblc, and especially to get rid of the kernels with a yellow skin (which under title present Grain Inspection Act are considered inferior) a careful reâ€"selec- Iticn of these wheats was undertaken a few years ago. with the result that im- {proved strains were produced. Some of these are now being distributed, and those of the very best quality (of which only a small amount of seed .is yet available) are being propagated as rap- tidly as possible. A full description of each variety need not be given here; .but it may be mentioned that selected if’rcston is a bearded wheat with yet- lowish ("white") chaff; Huron. bearded ,with reddish chaff; Stanley. beardless with reddish chaff, and Percy, beard- ’less with yellowish chaff. When questions are asked in regard .‘to these wheels the answers are usual- ’ly desired in the form of a comparison with Red File. This method, therefore, seems the best to adopt in considering the various points here discussed. f Earltncss.â€"T.hcse varieties usually rip- :on from about four to twelve days be- fore Red Fife. if sewn on the same day and grown under exactly the same con- ditions. In the Northwest Provinces, Preston on summer-fallow will usually :ripcn at about the same time as Red Fife on stubble. IIot weather towards harvest reduces the difference in time of ripening. Cool weather lengthens it. . Stiffness and length of straw. Re sistancc to Rust. Smut and other Dis- easesâ€"In regard to these points the early varieties show no striking dit‘. fcrences from Red Fife. Yield'.â€"â€"Expcriments in regard to yield often give contradictory results under some conditions. Speaking generally, however, one may expect a large yield from any of these wheats. often larg- ('i' than that from Red Fife. On the whole perhaps the bearded. varieties (Preston and IIuron) are rather more productive than the others. It must be remembered that these comparisons are generally made under conditions favor- able/to Red Fife. In cases where frost has to be considered the early varie- ties usually glve distinctly heavier yields than Red Fife. Appearance of Grain, Selling Prico,_ These early wheels are as hard as Red Fife and when the hornets with yellow ’skins are eliminated, are of a rich red- idish colbr which is (if any difference .be seen) rathcrdarkcr than Red Fife. So long. therefore, as the Grain Illspcc. 'tion :\CI..I't}qll.Il'€.‘S the higher grade; to contain certain proportions of hard, red wheat. of the File class. those varie- ties should grade quite as high as pure ted File. The grade, of course, largely controls the sale price in Canada. The opinion of an English expert. in pregard to samples of Red Fife, Pres- ton, Stanley and Percy, grown at In- dian llcad, Sask.. in 1902, was that the Stanley and Percy would sell In London at the same price as the Red Fife, but the Preston would command about :tlu‘cc-quartcrs of a cent. a bushel loss. Of the same varieties grown at Ottawa Percy and Red Fife ,would bring equal prices and the Pros lion and Stanley about threat-quarters 'of a cent. a bushel less. . Milling aluc.â€"ln their conduct in the )flcur mill these four whcats closely rc- ,scmblo Red Fife. The bran separates. readily, the proportion of middlings produced is large and the middlings are not unusually difficult to reduce. fl‘hls means a high yield of “patent.” flour. The total yield of flour is very good and not. much “break” flour is producrd. These Ih'TIS are stated as the outcome of twenty milling tests of samples of pure Red Fife and twenty- three tests of samples of the four ear- lier wheels, all the tests having been carried out during the past few years by the writer. personally. Color of Nounâ€"Preston and these other wheats have, like Red Fife, the disadvantage of producing flour not pale enough for the popular taste. In- deed. as now generally grown they yield flour of a deeper yellowish color than made from Red Fife. Same mil- lch find it advisable to artificially bleach Red Fife; and such treatment would be necessary with Preston if it were desired to bring it to a very pale shade of color. The color of the flour produced from the best selected strains of theso wheats shows a great improve- ment in some cascs 'over that made from the ordinary samples. Flour from the best selection of Stanley (Stanley A) is of the some color as from Red Fife. The best Preston, Iluron and Percy have also been. improved, but not quite to the same extent. Baking Strengthâ€"It has sometimes been suggested that a comparative bak- ing test should be made to settle once for all the relative merits of these wlicats. It is very easy to draw precise conclusions from a single test, but un- fortunately Such conclusions are usu- ally wrong. During the past few years the writer has baked flour from thirty- cight samples of these five wheels, hav- ing made 170 test leaves; This amount of work enables one to draw certain conclusions, but by no means answers all. the questions that naturally arise. The chief general conclusions may be here stated. As a rule Red Fife gives flour distinctly high-er in baking strength than these other whoats, pro- vided the samples compared have been gmwn under similar conditions and properly ripened. Even when the con- ditions have not been alike the Red Fife usually gives the stronger flour. In some cases. lmwovcr. one or other of the early whcals has the advantage. By “strength” is meant the ability of the flour to absorb water and to produce a large, light loaf of line texture and good shape. On a scale of points. for strength where 75 indicates weak. 8?) medium and 95 or more very strong, Red Fifo has varied from St to 102 and the other wheels from (it) to 93. the Rcd Fife being usually about 10 or 12 points ahead. This indicates a considerable difference in favor of Red Fife in, this important matter, the “strength” of the wheat from the Manitoba Inspection Division being one of the chief factors in maintaining its high price in Eng- land. The most desirable strength for any flour is a matter of taste, if the flour is to be used In pure condition. The strongest flours don-0t necessarily make the best bread. For mixing pur- poses, however, the strongest wheels or flours usually (not always) command the highest price; and while in Eng- land all kinds of clean wheat are read- lly saleable. the dcmand- for really strong wheat is generally very great. With all duo respect to the views of anyone who judges by appearance only. I am of the opinion that if their relative qualities were clearly understood the difference in price between pure Rod Fife and these other wheats on the London market would usually be con- siderably more than.tln'ec-quarters ')f a. cent. a bushel. It must be remember- ed, however, that the ordinary western graded wheat is by no means pure lied Fife. though consisting chiefly of that variety. Conclusionâ€"In spite of their many admirable qualities, I cannot recom- mend these lour earl-y wheels for the purpose of replacing Red Fife, as a va- riety for export purposes. in those dis~ tricts where early autumn frosts are not feared. Wherever, in the western prairie provinces, tcd Fife can be do» pended upon it should be the main wheat sown, these earlier sorts, if used at all, being sown in relatively small quantities merely to make possible a somewhat earlier commencement of the harvest. In those districts where Red File does not usually escape frost these early wheats (particularly Stanley, Preston and Huron) should be tried. In many cases they will no doubt prove of im- mense value. They are the only suit- able varieties available at present for such districts. except Pringle's Chain plain, a bearded wheat of similar par- entage and character, which can also be recommended. Farmers in localities where a fair de- gree 'of success is obtained with Red Fife but where it is occasionally touched with frost must use their own judg. meat to decide, from the foregoing stale- mcnts of fact, to what extent they should use these earlier wtieats. CHAR. E. SANDERSON, Ccrealisi. Central Experimental Farm, ‘ Ottawa, March, 1008. ____.x, _ DRUGGING UHILDREN I A SUURUE OFADAIIGEB. When you give your child a so-callod “soothing” medicine you are not curing its sickness. You are merely drugging it into temporary ii‘isensibility. Scotti- ing medicines Contain opiates and an overdose may kill the child. When you give your little one Baby's Own Tablets you have the guarantee of a gtvcrnmcnt analyst that this medicine is safe. And you have the word of thousands of grateful mothers that this medicine will promptly cure all the minor ailments of childhood. Mrs. L. W. Smith. St. Giles, Que. sayszâ€"“l have used Baby's Own Tablets for my little girl for constipatioi'i and other troubles and have found them the best medicine I have ever used." Sold by medicine dealers or by mail at 2:") cents a box from The. Dr. Williams‘ Medicine 00., Brockville, Ont. N FIRE WITH COMRADES ._.. SCENES AT A BURNING COLLIERY IN ENGLAND. ____‘ Splendid Ilerdism of Englishmen â€"â€".\‘- tempts to Rescue Burning Mineds. While twenty-two imprisoned miners roasted slowly to death in tho Mam- stcad colliery,’ near Birmingham, com- rades with grandest heroism not only co-unlod their o'wn lives as naught in the attempt at rescue. but complained bitterly when compelled to desist. After the alarm was given, about six o'clock on the evening of March 4, Mr. Waterhouse, the manager of the cot- liery, was sent for, and immediately formed a rescue party. Through the anxious crowd which surmunded the pit head, the eight men hurried in the dense smoke, but found themselves un- able to reach the bottom of No. 1 shall, and returned, several being in a state of collapse. DESOLATE SCENE. About halfâ€"past nine a second do- scent was made by the rescue party, who succeeded this time in reaching the bottom of the shaft. but could hear no sound from the entombed. miners. A little later another attempt was made but the rescuers were driven back by the smoke. At half-past one in the morning a final effort was made with the same result, ailessrs. Wright and Owbridgo being drawn out of the cage in a fainting condition. Slowly the night passed. and- the grey light of morning showed a dose- late sceneâ€"row upon. row of men, with strained, eager faces, the muscles of their mouths twitching with the long vigil and the agony of their emotions. The men who had waited all night had to be held back almost by force. so eager were they to join in the work' of rescue. There was. not a miner who would not have risked his life to save those below. ' “\\'AITI.NG FOR DADDY." At three o'clock. his tear-stained face lit up by the glare of a fire which had been built on a mound, a small eight or nine-year-old boy stood sobbing his heart out. [towns “waiting for daddy, ' be said. But “daddy” had gone down into the pit to seek another relative, and the poor little Chap was led 'away to spend his vigil in more comfortable surroundings. Women waited all night through. DOCTORS STOOD READ Y. Beginning at four o'clock in. the morning on Thursday wonderfully dar- ing but fruitless attempts, in one of which poor Wclby lost his life, were made to get to the miners. At nine o‘clock Friday four men went down the shaft. A code of tapping signals had been agreed upon, and the grimy men at the top listened intently and called for “Silence!” as the daring quar- tette were slowly lowered. The attempt was as futile as the others. They did not even reach the bottom. Whilst they were still fifteen yards away they gave the signal to be drawn up. Canvas was unrollcd on the earth. and the doctors stood ready with their phials and their instruments. The four queer figures stepped out of the cage, and it was ’seen at once that all of them were suffering severely from the effects of their descent. When they went. down they took with them a frightened linnet. When they returned the bird was dead. \VA-S RAGING I’U RNACE. Another fruitless descent was soon made, and one of the men who came up said that there was a raging fur- nace at the bottom, and that the hiss and crackling of the wood could be heard distinctly. Later in the day all available hands were set to work at the pithead giving effect to a scheme for reversing the ventilation, which scheme had been formed by mining experts called to the scene. The instant the decision of the con- ference was made, fifty men flung off their coats, and, seizing pick and spade, worked mightily, digging a trench for new pipes to the engine room. Little they reckod of the rain and the cold it their efforts could save their com- rades. ‘ THREE MEN OYERCOME. When Welby, the Yorkshire man, went to his death. groping. stumbling, dying, in the hades of heat and smoke. three other men went with him. When he was overcome they tried to get him tc the cage, but on the way back two more collapsed. The fourth man, 'l‘hornch acted with tremendous hero‘ ism. lIe carried and dragged one man for nearly .a quarter of a mile to the bottom of shaft No. 2, and brought him to the surface. Then he went down again and brought up another of his comrades. At last he was overcon'ic. Pooplo were horror-stricken, and an- other rescue party quickly stepped in- to the cage. and set out in search for Wolby. who had been left. below. They culm- up at 10.30 having failed to find him, and all hope of saving his life was gone from that hour. as he had evidently wandered a long way into the workings. Df-ZYO'I‘ION OF MINE OFl«‘I(‘:l.\.I.S. 'l‘hc courage and devotion. of the mine ofticials was beyond all praise. l-‘or forty hours Mr. Insli‘y. the check- woighmau. did not close his eyes. and David Ross, the surveyor. during all the terrible days of anxiety, scarcely The Spirit of This Age Moves to “The kingdoms of this world are be- come the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ; and he shall reign for- ever and evor."â€"-Rev. ix., 15. Once the church set up an ideal sep- aration between the worldly and the unworldly, between those who were in- terested in and occupied in the affairs of our daily lives and those who with- drew from these secular pursuits and gave themselves to the contemplation of heaven or to what was called the pursuit of the higher life. The mark of a saint then was his separation from this world and his ab- sorption in another; his disdain for the real. the practical, the everyday and Commonplace. and his devotion to the ideal, remote, imaginary, and other worldly. The church proposed to ef- fect the salvation of the world by sep- arating itself from the world. For a long time this conception pre- vailed. Theological scminaries set them- selves off in quiet retreats, the ideal church meetings were those where the noise of this busy world could not pone- tratc: the desirable religious life was that of the recluse. One was scarcely likely to look for saintliness or piety in the market or on the street. We still too readily charge our moral shortcomings and our personal imper- fections to the faint and contact. of the \\‘orld.tho daily interests and activities is so easy to think of IIOW GOOD \VE COULD BE were we. but where the wicked cease from troubling, where there would be nothing to provoke us to wrath or lure us to selfishness. Yet what is the use of a religion that is not for daily use? What is its value it it cannot make us strong for this daily fight and through this strife of living? This world in which we now are and no other is for us now the workshop of character. With what other worlds may be and do we only roâ€" motely are concerned. The present needs a present piety, a present pow- er in religion. If we make up our minds that this present social order is doom-ed; if’we gloomily talk of this world as the ob- ject of omnipotent wrath. how foolish are all our efforts for' its betterment, how hypocritical all our talk about its salvation. Is there any more sure way i t Better Thin gs. of making this world wholly bad that! steadily to assert that it is so and to constantly withdraw from it every pow. or for goodness? Just what do“ men mean by these phrases setting the world and the church in opposition? Do they mean, by the world, the daily interests and activities of men, our politics, schools. work- shops. markets, literaturo, all that makes our civilization? If they do, then they simply are setting their faces against the facts of life and fighting the forces that are working out our= redemption. This passion for progress, though- ofte-n it. may express itself in brutal. and selfish forms, is but the working out of a fundamental religious spirit, the attempt to realize life in the light of one’s highest ideals. The truth is the world always is more religious than is the church that separates itself from the world. FOR INSPIRATION AND UPLIFT we may need to separate om‘Selvcs from the day's stir and strife, but for that expression of the'rcligious life, with- out which the fires die down within,- we must have the opportunities of daily living and of human service. As men move up into higher reaches of life, as each ideal becomes the meal, other and higher ideals are dIsCerned, all life moves into fuller religious be- ing, the world becomes more religious. This whole fabric of our social order is to-day shot through and through with the spirit of the greatest of the religious teachei's‘of any age. The world is caring for the needy, feeding the hungry, teaching the be- benighted, making the best. of things the common possession leading all its children into larger powers and oppor- tunities. insisting on rights and duties because the leaven of the eternal love and the eternal light is working through the whole lump. ‘ The inflfnite is. on our streets as well as beyond the stars. If you cannot find religion in the counting house you will not find it in the closet; if you cannot express it in the shop you are wasting your breath In the prayer meting. But believe the best .and serve for the best in this world and a. better, brighter day than we have yet dreamed shall come to. be. ' HENRY F. COPE. ___.â€"_ .._..__.â€"__.___ ._____.__._' '.' -â€"â€"‘__"__'â€"-â€"-â€". left the plt‘s mouth. Five rescue parties were headed by Mr. Waterhouse-, the manager, whose noble cfforfls will not soon be forgotten by the English people. ._..______)X4.___._ THE DEED OF A HERO. A More Lad Was the Means of Saving the. Indian Empire. Not all the courage of war is expend- ed on the battle-field. A man died late- ly in Calcutta who performed a deed which contributed greatly to save the Indian Empire. At that time, in 1857, he was a mere lad. employed as an assistant in the telegraph service. Ills fame was W. Brendish, and he sent, at the risk oilits life. a despatch from Delhi to Umballa. which bore the first news of the outbreak. This message, repeated to every town which could be reached, proved of priceless value. Col. Edward Vibart, in his “Sepoy Mutiny," tells the story of how. to quote the ju- dicial commissioner of the Punjab, “the electric telegraph saved India." It was the custom to close the tele- graph ofllces on Sunday between the hours of nine and four. 011 May 10, as the operator at Delhi was about to close his station. he received a message from the Mcerut office announcing an uprising in that section. At four o’clock, when the office was reopened. connec- tions with Mecrut were found to be in- terrupted. - The telegraph force. at Delhi consisted of the chief and two young assistants. Brandish and l’ilkinglon. The office was situated outside. of the city. about a mile fro-m the gates. 0n discovering the break in the con- nections. the chief sent the two lads to test the cable across the river. They found that. they could signal to Delhi, but not to Meerut, and reported the fact on their return. It was too late to do anything that night, but the next morn- ing Mr. Todd, the chief, went out him- self to investigate the line. Ile never returned, and although his fate is un- known. thcrc is .litllc doubt that. lilo was murdered. The office was thus left. in charge of the two lads. Signs of trouble. began to be evident close at hand. Brendish, . stepping from the door, met a wounded ocflier, who cried out to him. “For God’s sake get inside and close your doors!” ’ The revolt crept closer and closer. The boys felt that their lives were in danger; soon they became sure of it. But before they fled to a place of com- parative safety they waited to send. out to the Indian world the news of the revolt. ' Brendish ticked out the message which caused Sir Edward to say: “Look at the courage. and sense of that little boy! Willi shot falling all round hint, he stayed to manipulate the message that was the means of saving the Punjab.” The Government rewarded Brcndish fcr his services by giving him a life pension. and the other day the old man died in the India he had helped t< preserve. v .fl___s__ AT THE DINNER TABLE. lie sat at the dinner table Willi a discontented frown; The potatoes and steak- w e underdone And' the bread was bak too brown; The pic was heavy, the pudding too sweet, And the meat was much too fat; The soup so greasy, too, and salt. "Twas hardly fit for the cat. “I wish you could taste the bread and pie v I‘ve seen my mother make; They are something like, and ’twould do 'you good Just to look at a slice of her cake." Said the smiling wife: “I'll improve with agoâ€" Just now I'm but a beginner; But your mother has come to visit us, And to-day she" cooked the dinner.” Scott°J EmuIJ‘z'on strengthens enfeebled nursing mothers by increasing their flesh and nerve force. eooooeoeeeeeeeoeeeeeooeog and mineral food for healthy growth. 7-" __ § ALL DRUGGISTS: 500. AND $1.00. -eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeoee .' 1' It: provides baby with the. neceésary fat . www.muz ‘L‘AW “ ' ' . y «‘T‘av‘Qvt." A.‘ .n Lac-us), . -.