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l ' l ‘ "4.le.mu‘aw".;jzyp.. .- s... .,.:)mAa-:.ar.«.‘ ‘ZJWfi‘.fl)_J '7m3'1_;,~zfvmhrr “(any yak-fl.“ “€515 I“ POWER CONCRETE MIXER. 7 Homemade Device That is Useful on " the Farm. 01' interest 'to farmers who need cement for any purpose. such as lay- ing floors or walks or making posts, is a bulletin issued by the Colorado ‘experiment station which tells of mix. ‘ing concrete by machinery and prints the accompanying illustration of a homemade mixer, which is described "thus: Two pieces of 4 by 6 form the sills. 'Upon these two. uprights about three feet high are fastened. A one and one half inch pipe passes through holes bored in the top of the uprights. Upon "this pipe the mixing box is turned, and through the pipe the water is added ~‘to the mixture at the desired time. 'The water is poured in at the top of ‘the upright pipe and dowa down and out through holes which are drilled in the lowerside of it. The other end of the pipe is closed by a wooden plug. mus 00503313111133. "The ends of the box are made of : rpieces of 2 by 8 bolted together. ’A hole bored in the center of each end :forms the bearings. The sides of tho ’ibox are made of one inch lumber and :are simply nailed to the ends with twelvepenny nails. Ouehalf of the ? box is made so that it can be detached and lifted off when the mixer is to be :filled or emptied. .ping this half about .an inch to one side all of the hooks are loosened at once. After it is in position the ro- movable portion is held in place by means of a barn door latch. - 'The driving gear is simple. but very effective. it consists of the rim taken from the wheel of an old rubber tire buggy. With the tire removed the grooved rim makes-a very satisfactory wheel upon which to run a three-quar- ter inch rope belt. Thebelt is driven by a small sheave pulley, which is fas- nened to the countershaft. A belt atightener is used upon this rope. and ’by using a very loose belt the tight- ener is made to act as-a friction clutch. This particular mixer is driven by a two horse gasoline engine. which is bolted to the countershaft. The en- gine runs continuously. and the mixer is started and stopped by mates of the belt tightener. Many other systems of driving might have been used in place of the rope belt. The main gear of an old self hinder makes an excellent gear for a mixer. An old mower gear may also be put to good use in this connection. It is not necessary to have the mixer driven by an engine or home power. A' crank may be attached and the ma- chine turned by hand. 'Mauy prefer turning such a machine rather than mixing the concrete with a shovel. rm! MEN FOR FARMS. 1 ‘Many Would Make Good Hired, Hands if They Had Chance. Many farmers throughout the coun- try find it a difficult matter to get hired hands, while in the great cities there are thousands of men out of Work. The problem of inducing some of the down and outs of city life to go out on the farms is claiming the atten- tion of social students. A commission of the New York leg- islature recently has been making an inquiry into the matter. though it has. not taken up the subject exhaustively. John Mitchell. the noted labor leader. was present at one of the sessions and ‘made suggestions. - The chief trouble seems to be that those in the cities who are always deep in poverty know nothing or coun‘ try life. seldom if ever having seen the green fields. They were._boru to their conditions and know nothing _else. Thousands of these men. no doubt. if they should be taken out and given jobs on farms would return to the city as soon as they earned money enough. That isbecause the city sights and sounds have become. second nature to them. They would pine for the dill and furore of their native element. But. on the other hand, them is no’ doubt that many men in the cities would wejcome a chance to get away to the country for themselves and their families and would develop into excellent farm hands. The problem h to put these men in touch with farup ers who need. them. Diseases of Fowlo. Most of the diseases that afflict Iowls are the result of carelessness and indid‘erem-e on the port of the owner as regards the surroundings and auditions of his poultry. No pouqu will show to ads‘zmtage on the ' credit side of the cash must now they are beam and well cared for. pr to prevent disease simuld be the .vmtvhwm‘d rather than how to casu‘ datum. The detachable half : is secured to the other half by means f, not strong hooks so placed that by slip- . THE . MICROBE But For Them All Green Plants Would Vanish From the Earth. Few persons can realize at first ' what an immense number and variety of microbes there are not only around us in the air and dust and water. but also in us and on Us and in and on every living thing. The Work. the huge system oi‘ chemical change and the circulation of the elements-«var- bou. oxygen. hydrogen. nitrogen and sulphurâ€"which they carry on is in- cessaut. varied and complex. Those five elements are the main and essenâ€" tial constituents of all living things. Supposing there were no microbes. there would be no putrefm-iiou. no breaking down of the dead bodies of animals and plants which were once alive into gas and substances soluble in water. They by a series of steps in which : different kinds of bacteria or microbes are successiVely concerned convert the proteids and the fats and sugars of dead plants and animals into less elaborate bodies. organic acids. aro- mmatic bodies and other compounds '(some highly poisonous to man). and at last. when what were highly com- . plex combinations of hundreds of at- oms in each molecule have been re- ' duced by the action of first one and then of another kind of microbe into comparatively simple substances of twenty or thirty atoms to the mole - rule. the coup de grace is given by certain special microbes, which con- vert these later compounds into still nla and nitrates, which are fairly sta- ble. so that the whole elaborate chem. - ical fabric of living matter in a few hours or days after death is broken : eral" condition. practically carbonate . and nitrate of aniuiouluâ€"sliielling I salts. { if there were no microbes this would , never occur. The earth Would be cumbered with the dead. bodies of past decomposed. And very soon all the organic elements. all the carbon and nitrogen, if not all the hydrogen and oxygen. on the face of the earth Would . be fixed in these corpses. and the green plants would perish from the whole world for want of sustenance. for it is the green plants which feed on and absolutely must have as their food the carbonic acid. ammonia and nitrates into which the microbes re- ‘ solve all living things when dead. li’ is the green plants which from thou» simple compounds build up again the more complex molecules. the sugars. fats. albumcns and proteids and pro- vide for the’nourishment and increase of the most complex of allâ€"the living matter hidden in protoplasmâ€"Sir Ray Lunkester in London Telegraph. The Porverso Comma. That curious and now stereotyped blunder of punctuation which gives us “God rest you. merry gentlemen." as an inferior substitute for the quaint old greeting. “God rest you merry. gentlemen." turns up regularly every Christnms. it is a pity for the ancient formula to be thus perverted since "God rest you marry" or "Rest you merry" was a recognized tome! sulutaiion in Elizabethan days and may be found in the works of Shah.- spen re a mi of many contemporary writers. while for the modernised form. which obscures the origins? l sense of the phrase. there is. of course. no authority whatever. if any one will have the curiosity to look up the old (‘hristlnns carol which begins with the words in qncstibn he will find them correctly punctuated. â€"- lmndorr World. - . Alaskan Glaciers. An interesting _ fin-i 'lleii‘! ' AW glaciers is that slump on: "(h-ad" and others are "alive." which is really a tongue of the Muir glacier. has been alscciitlml by tritvol» era for a number or years. it is a deed glacier. having a moraine of several .nliles between ii aniline sen. inviting at ll from the bout. it mpremmta a kaleidoscoplc nppenrnm-o as the sun. shines upon it. and the surface ems scratched with tiny pin lines. These are in reality deep crevices. must be approached cuntimmly. for they are lurking pitfalls for the run--. we ry’.- Vancouver Providence. A Man of Straw. Many years ago in England me- could easily be found to givo any evi- dence upon oath that might be ro-p quired. and some of these imm- walkcd openly in Westminster hall with a straw in one of their sly-m to signify they wanted «Inmuy.-.ent no witnesses. This was the origin of the saying. "lie is a man of straw." But the custom has high antiquity. A writer in the Quarterly Review says that such were cmumou in Greece. Ono on Him. "Pardon um.” said a gentleman at the entrance to a downtown restau- rant. “1 have something on you.“ "And may i ask what it is?" “My hat.”â€"'â€"Bimllngram Agni-term His Point of View. “What part of the railway min 83 7 you regard as the most dangerous!” inquired the nervous man. "The dining cor.” unswad do WWW Bar. ..-.- simpler co'mhiuations- namely, ammo- - down until it reaches the stable “min- - generations of animals and plumeâ€"un- = Davidson glaclorvl Wm; , ON THE WITNESS STAND. Tho Right of d Witness to Qualify His Answers. _ Like Stevenson's child, as a rule. the witness should speak only when he is spoken to. He should not Volunteer anything eXcept that when he is asked a question which with apparent inno- cence could really be answared "Yes" or "No" he has a right to qualify it plain "Yes" or "No." This of course happens most often in the case of exâ€" ports. The "Yes, but I Will explain," and “No, but i will explain," of one of the distinguished expert witnesses for the commonwealth in the case of com- monwealth versus Quay. ‘ which was tried before Judge Biddle in the court of quarter 'sessions of Philadelphia county several years ago still linger in 1 the writer’s memory. It is surprising that such should have ever been the received theory, but then the hunting dotvn of witches and the expoundng of the doctrine of witch- craft were regarded as proper judicial functions only a century or tweago. The theory as to categorical reply was are you going to stop hearing your wife?" and demanded a categorical an- swor. you that you must answer “Yes” or . "No" you have the right to say that the question is one which is not sus- ceptible of a categorical answer. This 1. should floor counsel for‘the moment. i Mannerly behavior on the part of ? witnesses includes keeping one's tem- per under almost all provocations. Cross examination for the purpose of testing your memory is not intended t to be and should not be regarded as - insulting. It should therefore not be resented. if the cross examination I transcends all bounds and your pa- tience is exhausted a sharp retort will nornecessarily injure your testimony . with the jury. The jury sympathizes with the witness more than with the lawyer. and, while more smariuess for : the sake of being smart or because of a too expansive personality is to be de- plored. you will be sure of a sympa- = thetic andience if you are in the right and counsel in the wrongâ€"Ira Jewell Williams in Green Bag. - UNDER AN UMBRELLA. An Expensive Adventure of a Famous ~ Parisian Wit. Romieu.‘ the famous Parisian wit, ' was ’one day caught in a shower and i forced to seek refuge in a doorway of ; the opera house. It was 6 o’clock al- :_ ready.'aud he had an engagement in . the Cafe de Paris for that very hour. I The rain fell in torrents. There was uo‘ carriage to be had. He had no um- brella. Whattwas to he done? While . he was lamenting his bad luck a gen- : tiornan with a large umbrella passed I by. Romieu was seized with a sudden inspiration. He rushed out and grasp ed the Stranger by the arm and grave- ly installed himself under the protectâ€" ing umbrella. v n “i am overjoyed to see you." he imv 1 l l mediately' began. “i have been look- ! ing for you for two weeks. 1 Wanted I to tell yonabout Clementine." Without giving the stranger time to express his surprise Romieu rattled away with‘ gossip and anecdote until he had ledâ€"the unknown companion to the door of the Cafe de Paris. Then he glanced" at him with a face of well ' feigned astonishment. I “Pardon. monsieur!" he cried. “it seems 1 am mistaken.” I "i believe so," said the stranger. “Good gracious!" “Pie discreet. Don't repeat what l have told you." - “i promise you." . "A thousand pardons!” . Romicu hastened within thegcafe and amid great laughter told the ad- venture to his friends. Suddenly one of them said: "Your cravat is rumpled." Reunion put his band to his neck and turned pale. His pin. a valuable sap- phire. was gone. On further examina- tion his purse. and watch were found to be gone. The man with the urn- brella was a pickpockeLâ€"London. Tile 3 Bits. An Italian Superstition. There is an ltallan superstition that I whenever a king belonging to the ' house of Savoy dies :1 huge. eagle is to be seen crossing the Alps over the val- lay of Aosta in the direction of Savoy, and the conviction prevails among the inhabitants of Aosta that this eagle guides the soul of the dead sovereign in join those of his ancestors in Savoy. W’heu King Charles Albert dicd at I Lisbon. King Victor Emmanuel died “ at Route and King Humbert was as- sarsinatvd at Monza in 1900 the eagle l was seen winging its way across the- A-lps. All other eagles crossing the Alps don‘t seem to count for much. Ancient Ropes. Ropes made of various kinds of fiber and leather are of very ancient date. tapes of palm have been found ln. Fund in the tombs of Berri-Hussein (alum 3000 8. CJ. and on the walls of these tombs is also shown the process of preparing hemp in a tomb at Thebes of the time of Thothmes m. hbout- 3600 B. .C.) is a group repre. sparing The prams: of twisting thongs jlfleather and the method ofcnttiag W l'-..1‘;‘ .1..4.'..'.".-§... it is a mistaken notion that a witâ€" = ness is bound to answer "Yes" or “No.” ‘ completely exploded by the gentleman 3 who propouuded the question. "When ’ if the. lawyer attempts to tell ' added Bomieu. ~ l .‘l - . Hl-AND THE EYES Lindsay Marble. verb ELII; !We Do Not AMays See Things l as They Really Are. 'COLORS WE CANNOT DlSCERN Normal Vision is Not Able to Ponc- trato to the Regions Beyond the Vio~ lobâ€"Some Results That Have Boer! Attained With the Camera. Those of us who are fortunate enough to possess normal eyes are apt to feel instinctively that we see things las they are. This is a mistake. The ;Ippearance of the World at large is merely the result of the circumstance ithat the human eye perceives only a comparatively small part of the total radiation which comes from the sun or is given out by a lamp. _ E To make this a little clearer We may consider one of the oldest experiments in optics. the passage of a ray of light through a prism. When a beam of sunlight passes through a prism of glass such as is often found on old fashioned chande- liers the rays are spread out. forming a spectrum, which we see as a rain- bow colored baud upon the wall. The colors of the spectrum merge into one another by insensibie gradations. though the older physicists were in the habit of recognizing sevenâ€"red, orange, yellow. green, blue. indigo and violet. ' ' These colors which the eye perceives are by no means the only ones present a: the spectrum. if we perform the experiment in a dark room and place a photographic plate in such a position as to receive the image of the spec- trum we find "that it extends to a con- siderable distance beyond the violet. In other words. there is a region be- yond the violet which the eye cannot ‘ see. but which the sensitive plate is able to photograph. This region is termed the ultra violet. and the light from virtually all sources contains a greater or less amount of this ultra violet light. The only difference between this, ul- tra violet light and ordinary visible light is in the length of the wave. which is, in fact. the only difl’ercuce between the different colors of the visible spectrum. If. instead of using ' a glass prism for forming our spec- trum, we use one cut from a quartz crystal we find that the ultra violet spectrum is very much longer. which shows us that the shortest waves of light are not transmitted even by the clearest glass. ‘ If your eyes were sensitive to this region of the spectrum instead of to the other the appearance of things Would appear black. our windows would be as opaque as sheets of iron. and polished silver would resemble anthracite coal. in other words. things appear as they do merely from the ctr-- cumstance thatin the process of evo- lution our eyes have developed a sensi- bility to a certain region of the total spectrum of the «light which comes to us from the sun. if we have used an ordinary photo- graphic plate in our experiment we shall find that it has received no im- pression from the red and yellow parts of the spectrum and very little from the green. The plate therefore suffers from the same defect as our eye. it is sensitive only to a limited region. Recently. however. means have been found of renderinglplates sensitive to the entire visible spectrum and to a certain extent to the infra red or the extension beyond the red analogous to ~ 1 the one beyond the violet. With a photOgraphic plate rendered ‘ sensitive to the entire spectrum we could obtain an idea of how things would appear if our eyes were sensl tive to regions other than the one adopted by nature by excluding from the lens of the camera all rays other than the ones with which we wish to operate. This is done to a limited ex- tent every day by all photographers who employ color screens in- their work. and it is well known that in- creased contrast cau often be obtained L in this way. If. for example. we attempt to pho- tograph white ’clouds against a blue sky without the use of such a screen we get scarcely any trace of the clouds at all. whereas if we place a yellow glass in front of the lens the clouds come out snow white on a very dark background. We can see this same effect by flow ing the clouds first through a piece of deep blue glass. which is what the photographic plate "sees." and then through the yellow plate. At my laboratory at East Hampton. N. Y.. i havepnshed this principle to the extreme and have obtained photo graphs both by the infra red and the ultra violet luvisiblerayaâ€"Robert- Wil- liam Wood in Century. Beef and Dairy Cattle. When a dairyman has faced the ac tuai practice of selling cows tram his herd for beef he will not feel encour- aged over the outlook of combining beef and dairy qualities in the sun» herd. There is a popular pMudit-l ting from. an old. play odoutdairybow,udtherolsuoao trying to combine the " Rubi. Chambers Difllt‘f in and manufacturer al kin dB. of Marble and Granite Monumefils Being a dircct importer I am able in quote the closest prices. I have Inn-1y installed a pneumatic poll- :sl-ing machine, and a pn'cumul plani ear Lclicring and Tracing. We or. able to do In tier and deeper work than he lofore. Call and gel designs and pric WORKS -â€"In the rcar of the arkci on l‘nmhridge street, opposite the Packing liouse. n. on use ere-s, HUME§ IN MANITOBA SASKATCHEWAN ALBERTA How Made and How Reached tow SETTLERS’ RATES “climb-lull? » PAElElD/x ‘ “dwarf; 55m - . Settlers and Families m 'm' 1"" without Live Stock m Him should use sileCifll Trains Regular Trains leave Toronto . 10.10 .m. an 10.10am TIMI” imileth rings 38 hours to Winnipeg “3m Ill! APRIL ThroughTourist Oars COLONIST CARS ON ALL TRAINS in which Bertha. are Free Apply to .nearost Agent for so of "Settlors' Guide." ‘Wostem Canada." ourlst Cars.“ or write R. L. Thompson D31... C.P.R.. Toronto. GE. A. NEDA" Oflice over Farmers’ Bank; Kent St, Lindsay. Conveyancing. ldoney Loaned on Farm or Town Property. Insurance. Estates arrayed. Farms for Sale in F onelon, Veru'lam, Ops and Mariposa. F. H. KlDD successes T0 H. J. SOOTHERAN. Convexsncmc. FIRE INSURANCE AT LOW RATES. ESTATES Sui-mono, AGENT MIDLAND LOAN Co. FARMS FOR SALE rnnouonnur rm: Comm. 3 OFFICE 9i liEllTST., LINDSAY. ,. I_ m :44 TOOTH AND TOILET PREPARATIONS fifteen in the family, .all good a". Robsons’ Drugstore. FENELON FALLS. --~._w~w'v ‘ - .â€"‘_...- <5 .msrfiwi- . . â€" - .mn;~:n-â€"â€"< < . I ‘