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te Rose Balm â€"â€"iaonâ€"â€"â€"â€" Hacks and all Rough ness of the Skin at lGlNBOTHAM’S tflhtl Junie VII. Nu noer 2.. Aka/s/x/ - (1 Prices. RASP THIS t 'Y WNTEB. l; assorted. Our 136 W FOUR“, AN TED ! One thousand Bu ers for our a CO- V great Stock of Christmas Attractions, are drawing customers every day by the tremendous power 1w prices. We are satisfying customers every day with g ualitv of our Fur Stock which we sell at low prices. Inspect our Fur Caps, Coats, Jackets, Capes, Mantles, Collars, -. Muffs, Gloves and Robes. here is nothing in a low price unless the quality is at the back 9 .m,___ into it. In S, furniture. V house is has no ex- It means urnish it and it. life. We sion into all rooms, from in. We have T” and the -OW. ” We 1 the furnishâ€" , mine with one 0mm. % ALE. ardssc Co.. oflcr hr ’. Ryley’s Old M H. as new, at. all .bination lock and J h’s tantrum. . J ' Juan" ." "" » l n , .nnwm £:Q. ~ dsay’s Leader of Low Cash Prices Dry Goods House. Ve want everybody to examine our stock of Mantles and Mantle s on its merits as a collection of strictly first-class goods. Prices ry low in this department. adies‘, Men's, Boys’ and Children’s Underwear at prices that . something. 3 Ian‘dkerchiefs, Laces, Ties, Gloves, Hosiery, HOOdS, Clouds and , Woollens, just the articles for Christmas presents, at such low . that show our bargains are certain and square. ‘ n Clothing some people make the mistake of buying cheap . at cheap prices, thinking they are getting a low price. "e have secured some honest bargains in Overcoats, Pea Jackets and pants, that there is no humbug in calling bargains. We are 9 these goods less than manufacturers’ prices. Remember Hg is not low priced unless it is a good, honest articleâ€"you nothing else. . e make the Lowest Price (quality considered) on our Carpets Ins, Blinds, .chsehold Napery, Linens, Towels Sheetings and ets. You Will not consider any price without quality. ow, why shall we not do business together this holiday season .ree on everything but the day you call,land that we leave to your mence. .. ' .u 1.2km W f,‘ tuneup LINDSAY, THURSDAY, JANUARY 11th, I894. THE FARMERS’ INSTITUTE. demedies fog these are, usmg solutions and. breeder had informed him that he had raise-c ustmg pow ers on and smoking. There are horses, cattle and sheep and had found that many good solutions on the market, The Most Successful Ever Held in the kemsene emlllsion. consisting of hot water. County of Victoria. Il'iTERESTlNG PAPERS ON LIVE AND MESSRS. vUiLL, JACKSON, CAMP- BELL, KNIGHT, GRAHAM AND OTHERS. AGRICUL- part to twelve of water. 'l‘l‘RAL TOPICS READ BY PROF. l’AN'l‘ON be put on WIth bellows. soap and coa‘ oil is very effectual. ‘ It should be made carefully and well mixed. For lice of either kind the solution should be used one Insect It should be fresh and should not be. exposed to the air. Kerosene emulsion is the cheapest of all and perhaps the best. Some still fumigate with ALL THE PAPERS WERE THOROUGIUX sulphur, but it ls not frequently done now. AND INTELLIGENTLY DISCUSSED. The annual meeting of the West Victoria larvae are Farmers’ Institute was held at the council chamber, on Monday. The president, Mr. John Connolly, occupied the chair, and at the morning session there was a attendance. The president opened the meeting with a short address and at once entered on the and kill the flies, programme. TH E $1 1.0. Mr. Jos. Yuill, a practical farmer, from Carleton Place, was the first speaker. subject was “Fodder corn and the silo.” very good on the ox’s back underneath the skin. Hi“ field will benefit the sheep. He caused much trouble recently. The next order of parasites is the fly ordsr of which there are nve. First the horse bot. licks them and thus gets them into the stomach. short time, when they come out. _ A g )Od remedy is to shear the legs. The ox lzot rays The egg develops and sometimes ithtres the hide and the beef. Lumps will be noticel with air holes on tOp. Grease will fill the holes A good plan is to force them out. The sheep fly attacks the nose and crawl tip into the sheep’s head, but not into the brain. The common remedy is to put tar on the sheep’s nose. A few furrows plowed in a The horn fly has It rests on the advocated silos in order to save the corn, as it horn, where the COW cannot reach It With its was worth much more for feeding purposes when kept in a silo than when fed long. The main object of the farmer should be to main. tain the fertility of his farm, and the best plan to do this was to grow corn and feed it. The man who sold milk did not rob his farm as the man did who sold grain or pigs. In his section of :he country much corn was grown. The ground was prepared in the fall, as for roots. Some manured in the spring. Both plans are good, but he favored preparing the ground in the falll. Corn should be planted as soon as the ground is warm enough-say about the i5th Mayâ€"to escape the spring frosts. The seed to use is just what will mature in this section of the Country. They had formerly used large corn but now looked for early varieties. The formerly used a seed drill, to drop a seed every two feet. Now they planted in hills from three to four feet apart, dropping the seed with a two handed corn planter, four or five grains in a hill, and if all grew hoe out two ofthem. Put in the small varieties at the south side of the field and the large varieties at the north end. The land is clay and rolling, stony, but not sandy. The clay land is later than the loamy. \Vhen sprouted nicely the ground is harrowed until the corn is well up, about 8 inches high. A common, well sharpened barrow is used. He would not advise sowing in drills, but if such was done barrow angleways. “'hcn harrow- ingur go the same way all the time. (lo deep first and then gradually ease up. When the corn is six feet high harrowing is stopped. It is not hard to cultivate and all the weeds except thistles are killed by harrowing. IIis silo is a portion of an old ham, wellsupported, studded with scantling 2x10, lined with rough lumber, tarrcd paper and planed plank on the inside. A plank was stood in the corner slanting and as the great secret of keeping corn in a silo is to keep out the air, the door is the most important part of the building. He placed short boards between two of the studs and filled in with tarred paper and when tak- ing out the fodder be lowered a board at a time. The outside was boarded with tWO courses of lumber with tarred papet between. Every farmer should have a feed room to mix corn for the cattle. To fill the silo the corn should be well ripened. If it is not the corn should be wilted. If too sappy the ensilage will be sour. He never found that freezing did any harm if there was a fair amount of sap in the com. If corn freezes in the spring, barrow. He would rather have it frozen twice in the fall than once in the spring. He filled right along every day until filled. He wanted silos at least 20 feet high, 30 is better. Pack in tight along the sides and especially at the corners. The higher the silo the better, as the air would be pressed out. After the silo is filled it will pack down. He found that ensilage improved the flow of milk Ensilage will keep at 90 degrees all winter. Formerly it was aaid that at least 120 degrees was necessary, but that idea was exploded. A farmer should feed from the top and get over the top as soon as possible as ensilage will not keep over two days when exposed to the air. Pea straw made a good cover. He would not advise a partition in a silo, but advised all to build large enough. A cubic foot holds 50 pounds and 40 lbs a day is a good ration for an ordinary milch cow. He had always found that the more milk, the more feed was con- sumed. He has had a silo for two winters and would not be without one now. Corn stored in a barn loses much of its nutritive powers. The ensilege is much superior to dry corn. It had been found that ensilage made cheaper beef than any other food. Corn is hard on land, especially if sown broadcast or thickly. He would like to have ensilage all summer, as it would keep, if properly covered, for two years or more. He had found that butter made from cnsilage in April had won a prize in September. He had fed a cow beaver hay, chopped grain, barley meal and mangolds and found that the feed cost 8% cents per pound for the butter produced. With cnsilage and chopped grain the COS: was 5 cents per pound. He sold his butter all the year around for twenty-five ants and thought that winter dairying was the best thing that a farmer could go into. Last year each of his cows paid him $56.35 for butter. He kept only corn in his silo and did not think it advisable to put anything else in although some had made a success by putting in other kinds of grain. He did not consider that turnips were harder on land than corn. The best com he found to be Compton’s early and Longfellow and different kinds of sweet corn. They wanted I4to 15 tons to the acre. He could not find profit in turnips, which be fed his calves. ANIMAL PARASITES. Prof. Panton, of the Guelph Agricultural College, took up “ External Animal Parasi- tes”. Quite a number afl'ectcd farmcrI’ animals; some affected the animals inside and others outside. The different types are ticks, bots, and nits. ' Some lice fed on hair and wood‘mainly and were found upon horses, oxen, cows, pigs, sheep, dogs and hens.‘ characteristic was a square head. Blood suckers were another type. They bore in and paid suck blood. These are the true lice. tail. The sheep tick is a very degraded form of fly. For the latter dips are the remedies. Small brown spots found on sheep are not eggs, but pupa. All referred to are true insects with wings and six legs. Another type are the nitts, which live in and under the skin. They are very small and hard to get at. Some bore deeper than others and one variety feed in clusters. They all belong to the spider family. The remedies are the dipps referred to before. \Vhen the insects are outside they are easily reached, but when they bore in they are hard to kill. For born fly the fish oil is better than the kerosene emulsion, as it will keep the flies away for a longer period. It would certainly be to the cattle miscrs’ advantage to get rid of the pests as soon as possible. AFTER NOON SESSIOX . The afternoon session opened at 1.30 with a large attendance. QUESTION DRAWER. Mr. Yuill answered some questions from the drawer. He preferred Crompton‘s early and Longfellow as the best varieties of corn to grow. Mr. Connolly said that he had raised fifty bushels of corn to the acre, In answer to a question Mr. \V. M. Robson said that the best winter apples were the Northern Spy and the new v. riety the Ontario. The concord grape for a black one and the Niagara fora white one, were the best vari- eties. To increase the yield of apples some stripped half of the blossoms off each season. “What is the best substitute for hay?" was a question that brought out seVeral answers. Mr. Minthbrnc said that for cattle oats and Hungarian grass and corn were the best substitutes. Mr.‘Jacksou said that millet and corn were good, the latter the best. Hungarian grass was also good. “What is the best kind of corn to sow for green food ? ” Mr. Minthorne and Mr. Yuill recommend- ed the American horse tooth corn. THE SH EEI’ INDUSTRY. “Should the flocks of Ontario be increased and how to improve them” “as the topic of Mr. John Jackson. He gave as a reason why the number of sheep should be increased that the price of grain had got down to such a low figure that it would not pay to raise it, for instance wheat and barley. Land suited to growing grain would grow good grass, pcase. roots and the like and if by feeding this on the farm we can realize more money out of it and retain the manure to keep tip the fertility of the soil. Continual cropping and selling off the farm impoverishes the land and wears out the capital invested, while by feeding on the farm the capital is increased. Sheep give better rcturns than any other animal, after being fed on coarse grains. The bottom is out of the horse trade and the exporting of cattle has reached a low ebb, but as regards our dairy interests, lltt' outlook was exceedingly bright, mainly on account of the magnificent success scorer. ,. our dairymcn at the world’s fair. The sv. c- brceding industry has been good lately, l...t it may go down at any time. Sheep are the most valuable scavengers and are useful in destroying weeds. In Ontario there are only 12 sheep to each 100 acres of cleared land, very unequally distributed. It would be no strain on Ontario to treble its flocks, which would mean three millions more, which at $5 per head would mean $5,000,- 000, besides a large increase in the fertility of the soil. Our soil and climate are suited to sheep culture, far better than that of England and yet English mutton is known all over the world and no industry pays so well in that country as that of raising sheep. There is no sheep disease here and the animals enjoy cold as long as they are dry overhead and under- foot. To show how large a quantity of stock a certain amount can carry, a writer of 1788 said that a man with 500 acres of land had 700 sheep in winter and 1450 in summer, besides 140 head of cattle. Our crops are the best for sheep in the world and in the last 100 years the Southdown sheep had improved most wonderfully. His ideal sheep was one on short legs, wide head, level between the ears, eyes full, bright and prominent, face full, not too long below the eyes, well up in the neck, which should be short and great care should be taken in selecting the proper kind of a. sire, a masculine looking one, and changing him every two years, always keeping to the same breed. Our sheep, mainly Canadian bred, had swept the field at Chicago and there will be a great demand for them for breeding pur- poses from across the lines, especially as many ofl the prize winners were bred in Can- a a. . Mr L. Minthornc disagreed with Mr. Jackson and thought it would not pay to increase the number of sheep in Ontario. Could any person tell him what kind of sheep would pay $15 per acre? ' Mr. John Campbell gave a few figures showing that the very commonest kind of sheep, at the low‘est price, would pay fully $15 per acre. He knew of lambs to be sold Their from $3 to $7 each. "Mr. Donald Jackson ”thought that sheep well, at least he had always found it Their So. ; characteristic is a sharp boring nose, The _ Mr. Johthampbcll'Said that a prominent - o 'a o I . ’.¢ ' powder can hardly get along, difficulty. but the latter paid the best. Mr. Davidson, from the body of the hall, wanted to know how to get rid of vagrant dogs, who had spoiled the sheep industry in his locality? Mr. John Jackson said that collars and bells on the necks of sheep were said to be effectual in keeping ofi' dogs. Poisoned meat also had a good effect. Several members pointed out that the latter plan was illegal, although very effectual. Mr. J. H. Kniglut inquired if it did any 1 ,1 h . , The harm to have sheep running at large on the a“ on I e horse 5 foot and the hirse roads ? Mr. John Jackson did not think that They only remain in the stomach a exercise would hurt tle mutton. ROAD MENDING. Mr. J. H. Knight spoke (n “ Road mend- ing.” He said that there was no road making in this country, but only road mending. lie exhibited a diagram showing that ifa horse could draw 100 pounds on a level road. with an incline of i in 100 llt' could draw 90 pounds, I in 59, 81; I in 40, 72; i in 30, 64; I in 26, 54; 1 in 20, 40: and I in Io, 25 pounds. He then pointed out that a proper grade should be maintained. ly means ofa diagram he show- ed tht: road as generally made. in the country and then how it should be made, reaching from fence to fence, with the grade gradually raised in the centre. allowing the water to flow away and giving ample room for teams to pass. lhis kind of road is the most suitable fcr winter as well as summer. The cost would not be great as onlyasmall additional $211) over that expended now would be required. On many of the roads the children could but the pigs had no Mr. L. llinthornc spoke as a pioneer and agreed with Mr. Knight that it Would be a very nice thing to have prettily rounded roads, but the cost Would be too great and with so many railways in the country, it was nonsense to talk of properly graded country roads. Mr. Geo. Graham agreed with Mr. Knight ~. , . ._ _. fl". _ www-«wwâ€"nâ€"Z‘uwyâ€"W'Anr ¢w~flwmâ€"~â€"uw "W "T‘Pâ€"r'“‘ . .,__.. â€"-â€"TO CURIâ€" â€" Skin, call at A. HlQlNBOTHAM‘S so Cents per Year in Advance gently apply 1'. m c.l to his work. iwtiuld find at the end of the year th it he hal made as much money out of it as th could make in applyin; the same amount of intelligence in any other direction. Farmers made many mistakes, some marketed their cattle while young, while if they had krpt them a while longer, atavcry small expense, they would have received double the money for them. If farmers attcnn to business as closely as certain of the Lindsay merchants and manufacturers they Would all find that farming paid. He regarded our land as :he finest in the world for agricultural purposes and at some length be contrasted the gr at differenCe between the Canadian and Yankee farms as noticed on a retcnt trip. He found ours much superior in every respect, with better crops and better buildings and a more contented looking lot of people. The yields Were better in Canada, the prices, in many cases, were brtter and taken all around he considered our own Canada to be t to best country on earth and the lot of our people is one to be envied by the people of less favored nations. The farmer who purchased a $50 cutter, morigaged his arm and let his buildings go to ruin and let his fields run to weeds was not a rarity, but he was on the wrong path. While the farmer who attended strictly to his business is the one who is not heard complaining. success ON THE r‘ARM. Mr. John Campbell read a paper on “ The secret of success on the lawn.” llc said that the p '0 its of :51: farmer th : yc tr wen sm ill, but success can be had and aft 1’ an extended visit to the United States he cowld say that Ontario is the finest country und:r the sun. Our constant aim should be to lure our condition and provide for the future. All should have a high ideal and strive to reach .t. Strict honesty isagrcat essential to success and the many pettv deceits practised by some farmers were deprecated. Love ofshow, fine horses, fine equipages, etc.. were detrimental to success. Good, old buildings and well tilled fields without any mortgage were far better than fine feather: with a mortgage. E 'ery dollar _ , . . as to a winter road and thought that too much l expended should be sent out m suc l a minncr money was spent on the middle and not that m WOUId bring m anotherddlar mm enough on the sides of the roads. Mr. Donald Jackson favored some new system of paying for the making of roads, such as the levying of a special tax. The present statute labor system was a farce. In Some places the roads were gooh, but in others they were almost impassible. Mr. John Campbell said that in his section of the country they were endeavoring to make permanent roads and had adopted one very much like Mr. Knight's model one. Mr. J \V. Read, of Rcaboro. thought it would pay to take a year to drain the roads and he spoke from an experience of 53 years in this lccality. If the roads were properly drained there would be less trouble and better roads. Mr. Elias l’iowes would put gravel on the roads in J uly. not later. and put up rails, to compel people to drive on the centre of the road. A good plan was to ptit gravel S or 10 inches deep and about 5 feet wide. After travelling on it for some months fill in the ruts and you have a firstâ€"class road. PLANT BLIGHTS. Prof. Panton congratulated the audience on the large attendance and characterized it as the best in that respect and in questioning and debating power that he had yet attended. He showed two large sheets containing drawings of grain and injurious insects. The address was on “ Invisible plant blights. mildews and rusts." A spore is invisible. a germ or embryo. A spore has no germ. He went into the matter minutely and then described the wheat smut. of which there are two kinds, loose smut and stinking smut or bunt, which impairs the value of flour and thus decreases the price of wheat. Loose smut shows where the plant is going to pro- duce grain. It aerminates gradually and at last gets inside the shell of the kernel of the grain and injures it. arms. The keeping of farm accvunts is a necessity and by so doing many mistakes made in the hast can be rectified. “Pay as you go and go as you pay" is avery wise maxim. Cash is king and the cash buyer has the advantage every time. The farmer should subscribe for and carefully read the newspapers The markets should be closely studied and the ‘goods mostlv required produced and those only ofthe best quality. Husband and wife and the family as they grow up should be made partners in the business and it the precepts set down were carefully followed farming would Pal- HE MAUI: A SUCCESS. Mr. Jos. Yuill spoke on “The care and management of dairy cattle." He took a farm heavily mortgaged when he started life. He bullta barn and decided to go into dairy- ing. He purchased some Ayrshire cattle and crossed them with grade cattle and best of all he got the right kind ofa wife. He purchased two other farms, making altogether 600 acres and his buildings are the best in his section of Ontario, free from debt and he never made a cent by speculation outside of his farm. Farming will pay, if properly looked after. He had visited the United States recently and never felt as proud of Ontario as he did at present. THE POOR FARMER. \Ir. Thos. Fee read a long list of figure from an Ontario bureau of industries report Every seed has showing that the average farmer in the province last year, from each hundred acrrs of land, made $90. Several members disputed many of Mr. Fee’s statements. DAIRY CATTLE. Mr. Jos. Yuill read a paper on “The care and management of dairy cattle." He had been in the dairying business all his life and in Bunt smut can be seen , 20 years he had n vcr sold abushcl of grain off and smelt. The spore is larger than that of his farm Of 600 acres. The profits Of dairy- the other and the micropscope difiercnce between the two kinds of smut. The latter entirely fills up the grain. There is also the corn smut, which gets into the cob and other portions of the plant. Smut be regarded being as much of a plant as an oak tree and month. urged that pupils in the rural schools should be familiarized with this matter. Dipping the grain in a solution of sulphate of copper, one pound to twenty gallons of water, for 12 honrs will kill the spore. Sulphate of iron is { reveals 3. mg depend on the care 0. the cattle. He watched his cows carefully until after the calf was born. He placed the animal inagood warm stall. If in high condition he physicked the animal with salts, once a week, for a \thn the calf is born he gives the mother a drink of water with a little salt in it. He never allowed a calf to suck the mother. The cow was then milked. After about eight milkings should be fit to use. He boiled it to see if it curdled it “as not fit to use. The also used Others dip the seed in hot water calves were then fed their mother's milk and from I 32 to t 35, for five minutes and kill the were given a small quantity 0f flax seed borled spores, but great care must be taken to have in water. the water at the figures given. The life history of the potato blight is almost similar to that of price dkept up. t the smut. The spores grow on the leaves and turnc 0“! to pas ure drop to the ground and gradually develop and wrigglc around until they reach the potato and blight the tuber. The grape blight is almost similar. If the plants are sprayed with a mixture made of 45 gallons of water, 6 lbs. sulphate of copper and 4 lbs. lime, the blight will disappear. He thought that spraying Paris green on an infested field would kill grasshoppers. A mixture of oatmeal and arsenic sprinkled on a field will also kill them. Another plan is to draw a pan, containing tar and coal oil, over the field and a large number of the insects drop in. Several members had tried Paris green with but poor effect. Prof. Panton said that turkeys and fowl are great grasshopper traps. Mr. J. W. Read could not see that science had discovered any cause or remedy for smut or rust. He instanced a case of barley which was very badly smuttcd and quite black one year, but next year when the smuttcd barley was sown the crop was of the very quality and no smut had appeared since. With than on three. He preferred winter mlves, as it was only by producing winter butter that the ' In the spring tqe calves are If milkcrs are wanted have them calvc at two years. or if larger animals are wanted let them go 2% or 3 years. Always keep the cows in good condition. The cow weighing from 900 to Loco pounds is the best for dairying. In the fall when the cold weather comts the cows are placed in the stable and let out when the weather is warm. He sold his butter all to one man, the year around, for 25 cents per pound. Last year he made ‘an average of $ from each of his cows. He shipped to Ottawa. He kept his stables about 60 degrees all winter. The milking is done before breakfast. After that they are watered. Each cow is fed about 20 pounds of cnsilage, with peas, oats and barley, cut up with a straw cutter. The stables are then thoroughly cleaned of manure, which is drawn away. If a cow lies down, he would not disturb her until night. At night be fed and watered, as in the morning, with clover. or oats, peas and some bmn. He did not feed at now) as he. believed that the finest’animals did bett-r on two meals a day Milk the same cows in regard to rust he had found that the stalk split rotation. just at the same hour and by and took away the moisture from the head, and that he believed to be the cause of rust. He had seen rust in a common milk thistle, when it was cut by a scythe. Prof. Panton explained that the cause of the rust and the bursting of the stalks was caused by spores working from the inside. Spraying will not prevent rust and no sure remedy for it is yet known. ‘ ‘ VARMING TOPICS. Mr. Geo. Graham spoke on general farming topics and made one of the hits of the day. He had found'that all were not adapted for the same pursuits in life. Only acomparative- ly small number could make a success of the business of raising fancy stock, but he felt convinced that any farmer, who worll (liti- H '.‘ the some hands if possible. You must be punctual and the Cow will be punctual with you. In case of failure of pasture, he would use euniluge first and than grain. He. had 30 cows. crossed between an Ayrshire bull and good grade cows, idec? ‘ltlm besr milkers you can get and in the end you will have the best. lhny people make the mistake by milking the beefing breeds and beefing the milking breeds. The J ersay is a special purpoao cow,. giving the richest milk for butter purposes. but the is not a family cow. Ho fed flax-oed to his calves just as they could stand it, from a. teaspoonful to 3 (Continued on Page 659“) For Winter Fluid Chaps and all Roughness of the e. rlâ€"A