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Mia........... 9,191,075 14,537,166 23.7-23.2” Medical men have lo been familiar with the fact that sanitation as been a saving to the community at large in doctors‘ bills, in nursing, and even in da s of labour to the industrial classes. But t has been difficult to put results into figures so as to impress the public mind. Mr. Brudenell Carter at. tempted this in his inaugural address to the College of State Medicine. Every case of fever, he calculated, cost the community £2; the reduction in the annual death rate from (ever to 484 per million, from the 135L- 60 rate of 908 per million, represented a to- tal saving of £300,000, “ but of this no one seemed conscious ;" while the annual cost of scarlet fever at the present time was £400,000 a year. If, therefore, we could trace scarlet lever to a definite cause, as a bovine disease, communicable by milk, we could adopt precautions which “ would save the} countr every year somewhere about half as muc money as the recent conversion of stocks, besides much misery." Here is new light upon disease. It Is increasingly preventable, and as we reduce its virulence and range we save money. Ratepayers should remember such things when they pay 861p m..’......-4'3 Ronny and Sweden. Dent-3r): . . . . Ronmania . . . sfimnnd..;.;..;1. Belgium ............ ' .' It will be noticed that according to this table the armies of Europe in naive service number over 9,000,000 men. and including remrvee over 23,000,000. Virtually resting on their arms for the first tire, there are nearly 24,000,000 men distributed as fol- found of tartaric acid and some aniline d ye or coloring 3. After stirring with a. stick until it is dissolved, add a quantity of orris root, out with a pint of alcohol, to give the hvor of raspberry wine. This stuff has been sold {or more than a. year as wine. It is reported that two men were some time ago arrested in New York state on the charge of violating the revenue law in sell- ing wine without a license. They testified that they sold to saloons about l00 gallons of a drink made by this recipe : Put six- teen gallons of water into a common “uh- boiler! add fortreight pounds of sugar, one The material loss of wages caused by strikes is shown by the report of the labor bureau of the State of New York. It is estimated that the loss of wages during the past year, owing to strikes in the State, was $2,013,229,while the amount spent on strikes in the shape of assistance from the trade unions was $217,- 069. The workingmen were consequently poorer by $2,000,000 in round numbers. The only question is, were the advantages gained by the strikes a sufficient compensation for the enormous loss in wages 3 The Pall Mall Gazette says the total num- bgr of horses which the leading countries of the world can throw into the field of battle is :â€"Russia, 21,570,000; America, 9,500,-‘ 000 ; Argentine Republic, 4,000,000 ; Aus- tria, 3,500,000; Germany , 3,350,000; France, 2,800,000 and 300,000 mules : )ngland. 2,790,000; Canada, 2,024,000; Spain, 680,000 and 2.500.000 mules; Italy, 2,000,000 ; Belgium, 383,000; Denmark, 316,000; Australia, 301.000; Holland, 125,000, and Portugal, 88,000 and 50,000 mules. It is estimated by Professor Kirchofi' of Belle, that the language most spoken on the globe, for the last thousand years at least, 13 Chinese, for it is without doubt the only one that is talked by over 400,000,000 of the human race. The next language most in use, but at a very great distance behind ehinese, is Hindustani, spoken by over 100,~ 000,000. Then follows Eoplis'n (spoken by shout 100,000,000). Russian (over 70,000,- 000), German (over 57,000,000), and Spanish (over 47,000,000. There are in Amerlcs over 4,000,000 farms, large and small. They‘cover nearly 20,000,000 sores of improved and, and their total value is something like $10,000,000,- 000. These figures are not, of course, very comprehensive. They simply convey the idea of vastness of urea and equal vastness of importsnce. The estimated value of the yeerly products of these farms is between 82.000.000.000 and 8,000,000,000. acresless of forest'then the sun gilded with its morning gold" It has been figured out by a statistical of- ficial that there are 31 criminals to every 1,000 bechelors, and only 11 crimlnels to every 1,000 merried men. From this show- ing he argues that matrimony restrain: men from crime, and ought, therefore, to be en- couraged by legislation and otherwise. It has been estimated that the United Stake consumes every day 25,000 some of timber. “The: is." says a anti-tied ex- change. “ 03911 nigh}; we _ret.ire wit}: $5,000 The effect of the high license law in Pitta- burg has given immeasurable satisfaction to temperance men. Last year there were be- tween 1,400 and 1,500 saloon. in the city. This year the number has been reduced to Gen. Booth Announces thst the Selvstion Anny conducts 9,100 processions every week through the streets of the United Kingdom, or an avenge of 1,300 daily. Petereburg, Virginie, leads all other oitiel in the export of mennfeotured tobeo- oo, heving lent Ahmed some 50,000,000 pounds in the lat twelve yous. A chemist utimutea thst the world unl- lows 500 tons of pills per annum. There are manufactoriu thn make: a million pill- . week. The wu of the Revolution, between Eng- lnnd ad the American colonial, coat the former one hundred million. in treasure. It in comp and flat than no 16 4‘7, 990 Satisfy School Icholul in the Christian wor The South African diamond fields lut you yielded gems smouuting m3,648,809 Gnu, valued It over $20,000,000. The wheat crap of Europe in 1887 in aid to hnve aggregated I, 200, 000 000 buholc. Tho Cur’u suble- colt 81,300,000 mu Ally. c.) -‘ There-fl. neuly 300,000 Chlumon in the United Sum. on”... on. on." STATISTICS. Arline 1,165,000 a 450,000 2,031,459 1,015,000 990,000 :tsnpou ms: .057 11 [Jon 137.000 187.000 107.1,“) 81,000 50,562! 25‘ 000 :u .196 1'. 68.. 00') 1,110,000 050,0!» 360,532 385,000 Reserve ammo 2,16!I_l)00 130,000 83,000 112,0C1) “0.000 140,333 55000 05,000 55,000 Total. 6.4‘ 0,000 £310,000 4, 1% (355 2,600,000 1!, 100.000 1.000000 6:21 .539 502.0% 267,000 $50,000 2| 9,“)0 200.00‘ 1530 000 150,000 urgooo 120,000 109,” Becmne of this coupling 101;“71; appem' to be beyond ueatlon that coupling nu on- ginc tend- to cop down the speed." Boéauae of "the extraordinary retardln‘ inlluenco of yg-ry modqlfate riqinq gradients. Because no greater velocity has ever been Attained. Because of the resistance of the sir. d Beceuse of the book pressure of the cylin- ers. Because of the amount of power whici. must “ no doubt be lost in imparting violent motions to messes of metal which can make no return when coming to rest. The swing- ing of the engine. the excessive vibration of its parts, and the jar and concussion all oper- ate to the same end, and tend to keep down thespeed.” _ __ _ How Fast Can a Train Move. Meny questions have been asked concern.- ing the highest speed possible to be attained by a railway locomotive. The London Engi- neer submits the statement that ei hty miles an hour is the greatest possible wit, and for the following muons :5 For ten years following much progress was made, and then the work dropped for twenty years more, until the water threaten. ed to drown the mines altogether. Finally the tunnel was completed in 1878- the re- maining part costing £21 a yard, or more than three times as much as the original contract rate. There is one further point, however, worth notice, for if we have the advantage of our great-grandfathers in the matter of mechani- cal appliances the were certainly better off in the price of In our. The original con- tract for the tunnel, made in 1782, was that it should_be completed in thirty ears and should cost £7 per yard run. or eleven year: the work was done at this price, but the French revolution enhanced the coat of labour and materials to such an extent that for thirty years little progress was made. An engineering work that has taken over a century to construct can hardly fail to offer some points of interest in its history, and illustrate the march of events during the years of its progress. An instance of this kind is to be found in a tunnel not long completed, but which was commenced over one hundred years ago. This tunnnel or edit, as it should be more strictly termed, is at Schemnitz, in Hungary. Its construc- tion was agreed upon in 1782, the object- being to carry off the water from the Scheumitz mines to the lower part of the Gran valley. The Work is now complete, a and it forms the longest tunnel in the world, bein210.27 miles long, or about one mile longer than St. Gothard, and two and a half miles longer than Mount Cenis. The hei fat is nine feet ten inches, and the breadth ve feet three inches, This tunnel, which has taken so long in making, has cost very near a million sterling, but it appears to have been well spentâ€"at least the present gener- ation has no reason to grumble, for the sav- ing from being able to do away with water- rainsingfappliances amounts to £15,000 a yes 1‘. A 1-] never complains of a young man u as her coldly when he mete he: to Ice There had been silence till then, but an the Czar disappeared the crowd broke into a cheer that almost reached the sky. . - He said that he had been told that he should have trouble if he came to Moscow; that since he had arrived he had been warn- ‘ ed by mysterious enemies, whose motive he could not understand, that the present day was to be his last. He had therefore done as all men should do who expected dangerâ€" gone to church to ask forgiveness for his sins, and protection from on hi h. This protection was not denied him. is body, like his soul, was in the hands of God, and man had no power to injure him without the Divine decree. He therefore feared nothing, and believed that as long as he governed the Empire with wisdom he should be allowed to live. Then, thanking the people with hearty words for their loyalty, he bowed ang'entered‘the palace. in number. After mac's was sung, and he had committed his soul to God, the Czar, with his gloves in his hand, left the church and entered the throng, which opened to make for him, but one so narrow that he ooul touch the bodies of those who stood on either hand. No bomb was requir- ed on such an occasion ; a pistol, or even a knife, would have done the business, bu with his head erect, and bowing to thost who had saluted him, the Emperor walked the entire distance. The crowd were silent and almost breathless. Every man present expected something would occur, but the only break in the Czar's walk that morning was when he reached the steps of the lace, stopped, turned his face to the poop e and spo e to them. 1 The news of his rashness spread quickly among the people, who were naturally on the qm‘ rive, owin to the mysterious; pro- clamation of the glihilists, end before the mass was over the area. within the Kremlin walls was crowded with all sorts and con- ditions _of men, twenty or thirty thousand ' When the morning 01 the day on which the Czar's death was to occur arrived, he an- nounced his intention of attending mass at i the Church of the Annunciation, within the ‘ walls of the Kremlin, and a;quarter ofia mile or so from the palace. The Czarina and the other members of his family implored him to take no such risk; they begged him to have mass sun in the chapel of the palace, but he declined, and even ordered that the police guard should be withdrawn. He said that if his time to die had come he was ready, that he would not die like a coward in seclusion, but he would die like a soldier with his uniform on and his sword in his hand, in the preeence of his people ;‘ and so he left the palace alone, clad in the uniform of a field marshall, resplendent with gold and silver lace, and walked across the parade ground to the church. Stung by the taunta of his cowardice, when he made a vieit to Moscow, the Czar inaia- ted upon walking alone through a crowd of twenty or thirty thoueend people, without the alighteet protection but his own Iword. The wall- of the city had two night: before been mysterioutlfi decorated With Poetere announcing that t 0 end of Alexander I reign had come ; that he had been tried and found wanting, that the “ committee ” had de- clared hie death for refusing to give the peo- ple a constitutional government. , their walk nu- and the ma refit .th m that might. puyy “in? Mr. (hand- -5..H.l__ a..____ Cu'm'u mining 61355;." Hungary's Great Tunnel. The (‘zar of Russia. One of the oddest things to witness, if not one of the most disagreeable to encounter, is the faculty some people have of takin of- fence when no offence is meantâ€"ta ing “huff" as the phrase goes, with reason or withoutâ€"making themselves and every one else uncomfortable for nothing deeper than a mood, or more than a fancy. “ Hufl'y" peo- ple are to be met with of all ages and in every station, {neither years [nor condition bringing, necessarily, wisdom or nnsnspici- onsness. But iwe arenbggnd to as that the lar er proport on w gener y amon thoBIe who are of an uncertain social penis- tlo'n, or who are anhapp in their clream- steam, not to speak oi t it tempers. Mailed buttermilk in strengthening, but must not be given if there is unfiltendencg to summer complaint. Put a t of free buttermilk on to boil ; add a ten egg. drop by drop ; stir and remove from the fire after one boil; sweeten. It me be also boiled, sweetened with honey, an seasoned with «It. Add a tablespooninl of butter to each pint of milk. Fever patients are often troubled greatly by thirst, when water drunk in any quan- tity would be harmful. Ice broken into small pieces, and mixed with lemon jelly also cut into bite, is very refreahing, and my be given safely. Rice water for a drink is made by still-in a. tablespooniul of rice flour, wet with col water. into a quart of boiling water. Season with aalt, let it get very cold. and flavor with wine, brandy, lemon juice or nutmeg, sweetening to taste. PAnouxn RICEâ€"Is very good in the case of bowel troubles. Roast it to a nice brown as you would coffee, throw‘int/o salted boil- 111,3 water, _and cook. [apidlx dntil done. ARROWROOT BLANC MANUELâ€"Into a coffee cupful of rich milk that has been brought to the boiling point, stir two teaspoonfuls of sugar, and two heaping teaspoonfuls of the best arrowroot, rubbed smooth with cold water. Stir and simmer until it thickens. It may be made with water, when it should he flavored with lemon juice. If made with milk, flavor with brandy or wine. Pour into little molds, and serve with cream and sugar or with stewed, canned or preserved fruit. There in a preparation called cerealine flakes that cooks in one minute, and is very delicate and nice. It must be atirre ' into boil- ing milk, salted and eaten with cream, or milk and sugar. OAT MIAL b'mxc Minnaâ€"Put two tablespoonfuls of oat meal, wet with cold water, into a pint of boiling milk, and sim- mer gently in a. double boiler for two hours. Season with salt, sweeten to taste, and serve with cream and nutmeg. RICE JELLY.â€"Bring to the boiling point a cupful of water, and stir into it two heap- ing teas oniuls of rice flour that has been dissolve in enough cold water to make a thin paste ; sweeten to taste with loaf sugar, and boil until clear. If your patient has fever, flavor with lemon juice; in the case of diarrhea, or summer complaint, flavtr by boiling a piece of stick cinnamon with it. Cool in molds and eat with cream and sugar. TAPIOCA J Rumâ€"Soak a cupful of tapioca for five hours in a quart of water; sweeten to taste, and set the dish containing it in a pan of boiling water; cook until the tapioca is quite clear, stirrin often. Squeeze in the juice and grated rin of one lemon and pour in small molds. To be served with cream and sugar when cold Coax your invalid with cream toast. Cut the crust lrom two slices of bread, which should be stale. Toast overs slow fire until well-dried, and then brown delicately. Dip quickly into boiling water, dot with bits of butter and pour over a very little rich milk or cream that has been brought to a boil. Brown bread is very nice and healthful pre~ pared as above, and may be eaten with suga and cream. ' For persons troubled with indigestion, beef sandwiches, repared as follows, are highly recommen ed: Chop very finely a place of tender, uncooked beefsteak, season with salt and pepper, and spread between thin slices of lightly buttered bread. Re- move the crusts with a sharp knife, and cut into neat diamonds or squares. sugar, salt, and half a dozen large seeded raisins; repeat this until the bowl is:two- thirds full or until you have enoughlfor your gatient, and never make enough for twice. early cover with boiling water; put a lid over the bowl and set it on the back of the ran e to soak for an hour. Lift out the one ere, sprinkle with more sugar, and serve with a little cream and cinnamon or nutmeg. Omit the raisins and cream if the invalid is too ill to take anything so rich. This is really a delicious dish. MILK Penmanâ€"Boil a pint of milk in a double boiler, and cook in it an ounce of seeded raisins until they are tender ; add a teaspoonful of corn starch dissolved in cold milk ; cook for three minutes, remove from the fire, and stir in the well-beaten white of an egg. Sweeten and grate on a little nut- meg. Coax your invalid with cream toast. Cut the crust irom two slices of bread, which should be stale. Toast overs slow fire until well-dried, and then brown delicately. Dip quickly into boiling water, dot with bits of butter and pour over a very little rich milk or cream that has been brought to a boil. Brown bread is very nice and healthful pre~ nared as above. and mav ha n+1... mm. m... I know a family of seven boys from 15 to :22) who are what would be termed, “good boys ” and rightly so. They are obedient and affectionate to their parents and a co- able to each other. They are always at ome in the old farm-house in the evenings and do their work uncomplainingly throughout the day, and yet not one of these boys will make a good husband simply because their mother never taught them to be thoughtful’ for others. They will do whatever you askithem to do, but they would never think of doing anything unaeked. They are not selfiih', onl thoughtless. A naturally lazy child wilrcften esoa all tasks because it is more trouble to get im to do a thing than to do it yourself. This is wrong in the extreme, land unjust as well to him as to his more willing brothers and sisters. We think too much of educating the head now-a-days, and not enough of heart education, which is the best of all. So much depends u n the natural character of a child, that it impos- sible for the wisest person to lay down ary fixed rules for the moral ’oulture of childrei . A realizing sense of your responsibility, and an earnest looking for guidance to One who is able and wi ling todirect you, will be your surest safeguard. PANADAuâ€"Tfika a yellow earthen: bowl, lay in a large cracker, sprinkle with a little sugar, salt, and half a dozen large seeded raisins; repeat this untll the bowl is:two- thirds full or until you have enoughlfor your getient, and never make enough for twice. early cover with boiling water; put a lid over the bowl and set it on the heck of the ran e to soak for an hour. Lift out the one are, sprinkle with more sugar, and serve with a little cream and cinnamon or nutmeg. Omit the raisins and cream if the invalid is too ill to take ‘9nything so rich. rann 2, , ,,I I give below some plain directions for pre- paring thb aimgest, and most necessary, and usualg food for valids. months old. It was a remarkably good baby, and allowed on that. account to be brought to the table, where its fond father fed it religiously with a bit of everything, including mock turtle soup, cabbago, lemon and mince lee. When it sickened and lay at doath'a oor, they were very much sur- Print! table, at a middle-aged hon le, wBo had married rft‘t‘her late in He, wi _a lgqby ning A__A I have no doubt that Mu. Garry Owen Guinea could tell no as truthful, and as and a tale of the disastrous effects of i oranoe and obetinwy in the care of the alc , as in the bringing up of children. I have known exact counter ta of the father referred to in her "Slang ter of the Innocent." (p. 177.) In San Francisco, at my boardin -houae table, got 9 mlddle-eged couple, w 0 had ’ In Iiokneu, nourllhment and nuning go hand in hand. At least the proper prepare- ‘ tion 0! the food plays a moot im rtant part in the recovery of an invalid. 0 know how to make dishes that shall he at once nour- ilhing and digestible, is indeed a delightful moompliahment. They must be at the same t me agreeable to the taste and invit- ing to the eye. Even with people who are not ill, half the battle of a meal is in the serving. The most meagre fare ii firesented in an attractive way, with prett c tun, and evident attention to details, wil be relished far better than a more sumptuous meal served in a alovenly manner. Cookery {or the Sick. “ Huffy” People. A number of indies in Philedelphie get their bonnete very cheaply by having I clev- er girl miliiner out of employment come to the house. Thez pay her five doliue edey end in one dey I e trim- n the bonnet- uni heel for ell flu women in iomily. According to the statistics given in Wil- liam F. Fox's article in the Century on “ The chances of being hit in battle,” the no ular belief as to the slaughter occurring in s ngle engagements is not well founded. The loss- es reported in killed and wounded at the close of a great battle are almost invariably exaggerated. and it generally be pens that those who are missin or on the s eh list are returned as killed. §n the civil war in the ; United States there were 2,778,304 men en- listed on the Union side, while there were only 110,000 killed in battle, or about five per cent. of the total number. While five per cent. was the avera e for the whole Fed- eral army, there were 0 course certain regi- ments which suffered more severely. The greatest loss occurred to the First Maine lleav Artiller , which had 19.2 per cent. kille , being the largest loss of any regi- ment, while next came the Fifth New Hamp- shire with 17.9 per cent. killed. Fond Mother( (oxeitodly)â€""Snkea ’live, chile, y’o bmddor'a {one to dub dot dance at Johnaing 'nan' he’l ebber come back no monh 1” “Why not?” "He’s done gone forgot to take bus razzer wid him." “A hangel is ’ending Her mdyehip to ’eaven I" At the some time he bowed as deferential- ly as though he himself had been perform- ing the office of master of ceremonies to “ Her Ladyship,” and was about to“ ’end” her into some bell-room. The man acted as gnideto themonnmenta, and, upon coming to that of Lord and Lady Monteagle, which represents the a irit of Lady Mâ€"-â€" ascendin to heaven nn er the guardianship of ange a, finished his pomp- oue deecriptipn o_f ityith fhese word! : A sense of official greatness is ingrained in the nature of people who have been over- shadowed by what is known as apaternal government. Such persons form their own conceptions of angelic ministration. The idea of the guide to Westminster Abbey was original, to say the least. It is not a fine tasteâ€"the love of horse- flesh‘, cricketing, deer stalking and the gen- eral desire of killing something. It seems to take a place in the category with pugilism and bull fighting. But it develops brawn and akind of rude mental strength, and the cul- tivation of muscular vigor is something more valued than the artistic sensibility in the English man’s passion for an excess of animal force. 1 Sport is the law and the prophet of Eng- lishmen, and to confess to neither pleasure nor concern in the results of the day’s rac- ing, shooting, hunting, angling. is to totally emancipate one’s self from the amiable re- gard of a sport loving llriton. American in- itl'erence to the circumstance and event of sport is the contempt of the aristocracy and landed gentry. Sport is the autocrat. It controls society and makes an important chapter in literature. There is afuniversal devotion tc the idea, alike from high and low. But it is the privilege of the great, the temptation of the (poor. Poaching as an offense forms stereotyped matter for every well regulated English novel. The dress, the manners, the flirtatious which make the maximum of life in country houses : during autumnal revels are as important a‘ factor in British society as the London sea- son. \Vives, mothers and daughters who have none of the tastes which give zest to the hunt are constrained to provide them- selves with more gentle amusement during that sanguinary period in the, British lyear. a sullen Br violent ttemper, jealousy and vanity may pass almost unnoticed in an otherwise ovely and attractive child, but if you do not take pains to discover and curb those grave faults you will embitter the whole after life, not only of one but of poor child the pert sayings that make her unlovely in the e es of every one. Very few chil ren are born with all no- tural or inherited graces of mind and dispo- sition. There are almost elways evil pro- pensities to be eradicated and guarded against. The child of generous parents will often display a strange selfishness. which the wise parent must not only see, but take painsnto uproot: _ Indolence, untruthfulness, From the Note-Book of a tennis: ine Reporter. fiKLMA CLARE. l have noticed, as doubtless you all have, ‘ that ruined children are b no means confin- ed to the lower classes. Xmong the well-to do, these may be divided into two classes: those who are ruined by the carelessness and indili'erence of their parents in leaving their moral culture almost entirely to servants. and those who are ruined by the over-in- dulgence and injudiclous attentions of grown up relatives. 1 know a child who is fitted by natural graces of non and face, and quickness of mind, to a very gem in the garden of girls, who is so I iled b unwise getting from a half dozen ig uuc es as to utterly di reeable to strangers. All the endeavors o a very sensible mother are set at naught by those loving but unwise bachelor uncles who delight in teaching the .m_ -LRIJ AL, . outdoor Sports in England. “ llcr Ladyship.” proper amount of clv‘ille'y. In onnol bnunwâ€"Oh, you manna Idi I 1': be known he cu: fun me {or the ukh Ambitiona mammaâ€"Edlth, I noticed hat! n] ht that Mr. De Rich paid you consider- ab 0 .ttentlon. I ho you showed him a proper amgnnt of cl llty._ {939mg}- Do- Lard, if applied at once, will remove the discoloration after abruise. Earthenware and china, washed in soap-suds and rinsed in cold water are freed from rease and stains with little or no trouble. oda is good for greasy dishes. To make tough meat tender, soak it in vinegar and water 3 ii a "I? large piece, for about twelve hours; or ten pounds of beef use three quarts of water to three quarters of a pint of vinegar, and soak ‘it for six or seven hours. If ou are trou- bled with moths in your feat er beds, boil the feathers in water for a short time; then put them in sacks and dry them, working them with the hands all the time. Never enter a sick room in a stateof perspiration as the moment you become cold your pores ab~ sorb. Do not approach conta ous diseases with an empty stomach ; nor s tbetween the sick and the fire, because the heat attract. the vapour. In Persia blood letting is the same pana- cea for well-nigh all fleshly ills to-day that it was with our ancestors in the days of blufl‘ King Hal. In the spring every Per- sian hies him to the barber surgeon to have that professional phiebotomist relieve him of, say, half a pint of blood. One sunny March morning I sat upon the baia Khana of a village chapa house and watched the barber bleed a goodly share of the whole male po ulation. With his arms bared to the el ows, a bunch of raw cotton in lieu of lint beneath his arm. and his keen-edged razor inserted beneath his cap, the travelling tonsorial artist took up his position on the bank of the irrigating ditch that ran through the village of Lasgird. Candidates for his services soon began crowding about him. Each sturdy ryot bated his right arm to the shoulder, and got one of his neighbours to bind a handkerchief tightly just above the elbow. He then presented himself to the bar- her. The tonsorial artist pressed out with his thumb and forefinger the small vein he wished to slit, and with the air of a man who knows his profession and its importance, deftly inserted the point of his razor. The blood spurted out in a tiny stream ; villag- ers squxted down on their haunches and watche it bleed. occasionally working the elbow joint to stimulate the flow. Half a pint is considered about the correct quantity or an adult to loss at one bleeding; the barber then completes his services by bind- :ing on a small wad of cotton. Many prefer ‘being bled in the roof of the mouth, instead of in the arm. I observed that these were old men mostly, and judged them to be knowing customers, who had wise theories of their own as to why the mouth bleeding was preferable to the others. I have seen as many as thirty or forty of the Fenian barber’s patients squatting in a low row on the bank of a stream or ditch, each one let- ting the little stream of blood from arm or mouth spurt into the water. Some of the early English engineers. ‘not appreciating this, endeavored to lay down solid stone walls copedlwith stone cut to a smooth surface, on which they laid their rails. They called this," permanent way,” as distinguished from the temporary track of rails and cross-ties used by contractors in building the lines, But experience soon' showed that the temporary track, if sup- Eorted by a bed of broken stone, always ept itself drained and was always elastic and remained in much better orda' than the more expensive so-called“ permanent way.” When the increase in the weight of our rolling stock gan'to take place, dating from about 1870, ron'uils were found to be wearing out very’fast. Some railway men ‘ declaredthat the rails; a y system had reached its full development. But in this world the supply generally equals the demand. When a thing is very much wanted, it is sure to come, sooner or later. The process of making steel invented by, and named after, Henry Bessemer, uf England, and perfected by A. L. Holley, of this country, gave us a steel rail which at the present time costs less than one of iron, and has a life of five or six times as long, even under the heavy loads of to-day. We are now approachin very near the limit of what the rail wi carry, while the joints are becoming less! able to do their duty.â€"Scribner‘s Magazine. The track of a railway in'ilever done. It in afiwaya muting out and alw‘gyn being repho‘ e ~~ .. ‘ ‘ Rs. 1,000, End the other offered to ex- change a female elephant of gentle manners for the savage brute: but the Government of India where determined on making the Iorimisal oxpiate his sins. These ofi'ers were refused, and a private notice was sent rennd the station that the execution would “take place on Thursday morning. Severn}. people, including volunteer executioner§.:'hyrried to a spot indicated outside of Cantonments where the malefator was alrea' chained and secured between two deat ,xtrees. The volunteer marksman, -‘:with I2-bore express rifles, were sel ' tecarry out the execution. The 0 all was sitting down when the era began to assemble, but shortly raised self on his forelegs when the first of the‘ shots was tired, which hit him low down at the base of the trunk. The animal v‘ohchsafed no other notice of this and two other squall?! ineffective shots, than to stand up on al four legs, shake his head and blow with his trunk. At length Mr. Dowel], of the Seventh Native Infantry, placed a bullet in the centre of his head just below the level of his eyes, and the huge brute dropped down dead without a spasm. ‘ A novel exuitement was provided to “so residente oi Mhow, India.reuenily by’the Transport Department. A huge male ele- phant, aged, according to olliciai records, ninety-two years, the sroperiy of Govern- ment, was condemne to death for alon amfiherdened course of iniquity. He has been long in a chronic muss etate, and in this condition had taken a human life an Poona about. a couple of years ago. He would not work, and was a source of apprehension to all about him and e per- petual cause of anxious concern to Govern- ment. The flat went forth that he muib die. The Maharaja Ho‘ker and the Rajah of Dhar each separately telegraphed to headquartersuni tried for a reprieve. One g‘fi‘en d to buy ghe_grand~lcokigg sinner for ‘ AAA Blood Letting in Persia. Expcuplou of an Elephant; Handy lllnts. Laying Track. {0: th. “km.