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"‘1 fflEPRI-NCIPLES IN 1 GOOD ROADMAKING flow to Make the Best of Earth and Clay Roads. Drainage. Repair. Ihe Split Log Drag. Management. ‘x‘he apart on 1111 max. Ontario, 1907. norm-two one. Mr. A beganty Minister of P 3; expert in the at ‘ ad m his report is ; A .. u..- imnrnvm h»: report on Highway Improvc- Tho um ma Ontario, 1907. is a most in- drainage out.‘ mmtive one. Mr. A. W. Campbell. the natural we [Deputy Minister of Public Works. is or crossing th4 .3 expert in the at of ‘Roadnmking. ‘ determined. tl and m his report is a. splendid u‘t-Vgarriod out in 11:22 on the improvement and maln-‘side drains wi balance of clay and earth roads. Next}, nous fall to week some mentIOn will be made of should -be no gran-1 and stone loads. Mr. Campâ€" along the w hell's remarks follow': Drains which carrying it, a‘ EARTH'AND CLAY ROADS. water soaks Cami! townships and even counties travelled road of the Province have little or no drawn up into gravel for 1' 'ing. While every Keep clay district of the Province‘ has some .crowned. '1“ earth or-clay roads, others have no- from side to‘ Clay roads a thing else. . While little can be done to make Without a go '1' cer- in the wheel t1 ch:â€" roads other than mud undt l, to the side d can conditions in spring and fa! six andsoil with set; it is to be said that for .. "A- A nfi Sm). 85 blfic] aunt, 3“ u. an uv W ,e., months of the year they may be as good a driveway as can be desired {or light travel. If properly cared for, the}: can be made to relieve gravel and stone roads of a considerable portion of the wear they would otherwise ge sub‘bcted to. during the Summer months. In order to extend their useiuznm. there are a number of im- portant principles to be observed in thvir construction and maintemua -.c. ~12. Grade the roathto a bngu CLAY“ that will shed water as quick- l's' as po$ible to the aid-.- drains. :2). Give the side drains 9. Con- .Itam. is.“ to a. free oath?" '13). Lay 31 tile underdrain along the A] on Wk LLL'I LU .- 53“, V_._' "3). Lay a. tile underdrain along one side of the road, under the 0! en drain at a depth of 2; or 3 feet. an. See that no water is allowed to suand along the skies - of the 'de the best drainage (5! Repair fit.‘ the claSE .9 w -â€"â€"7 , â€" (6). Use a. grading 'macmne w construCt the roads. . 3 {7). Estdnlish a system of reguâ€" hrkv goings oventha MS. with! «snail-s ' . a 129%!052‘ a? we: form of scraper. One team an d) ‘4' miles in 1168!. 89“ up cié ~ sunâ€"ul‘x'_, yang which are: PRINCIPLES . ’et onc- [ugh The first matter to consider is the drainage outlets. which are usually the natural watercourses adjacent to, or crossing the road. When these are dotermlned. the gradilng should be carried out in such a. way that the side drains willlead. with' a contin- uous fall to these outlets. There should 'be no hollows or depressions along the roadside to hold Water. Drains which hold water instead of carrying it, away are useless, as the water soaks into and softens the travelled roadway, just as water is drawn up into the pores of a. sponge. ,,..A._ _-..A.. urn“ u1‘¢\‘- up Auuu vuv rv-â€"' , _ _ Keep clay or earth roads well crowned. Two inches to the foot, from sideto centre is not too great._ Clay roads are 03.8in rutted, and without a good crown, Water stands in the wheel tracks instead of flowing . to the side drains. In grading, sod and soil with weak Supporting power, H- “A such, as black muck, should not be ‘ placed in the centre of the road. but should be thrOWn across the open drain to the side of the road. Drains and culvertsshould be plac- . ed wherever needed amd always free from obstruction. Under (lrg'ms should be used freely. I a. semi plate systma i; not .used. le drums shame at least be placed where the water does not leave the side of the road early m the spring. or “0:!" pvpr the ground appears to be con- tinuallv'lamp. If open drains are 'kept in good waking order. nr.d- it - the road is properly crowned, its con- dition in fall and spring will indi- - cate the points at which tile drain- age is most needed. _ r. C” t”! REPAIR. 1y. I a com- needed. used. le drums bed of .laced where ‘he be muc the side of the the sat wring. or “'04” the SIM: wars to be con- To rt smn drains are method THE SPLIT LOG . t: The "split-log" method oi repair- a ing earth roads gives good results. h A system can ‘be established or going 5 over all earth or clay roads after rains with this implement. A farmer :- can go up and down the road In ‘ front at his property during the din- : ner hour with little loss 0! time. The effect of the split-log i. to h-vel : the ruts. draw material to the centre ; and smooth the roads. When used 1 after rains on clgy roads, the eflect ' is to “puddle" the clay and make it_ impervious to rain. 80 that water it: shed at once to the side drains. and the road remains firm. One form of this implement is as follows: | A log. nine or ten feet long. ' split in halves. The halves are placed parallel to one another. the! edges down and flat face to the ,front, and are firmly braced together Iin this position with cross-bars. A :chain hitch is attached in such a Dunner as to incline the machine at J an angle of 45 degrees. the lonmrd corner being near the outer edge of l the road. and the rear corner at the 3 centre of the road. By dragging the l machine up one side of the road and - down the other. making a numthr of l circuits, using two or twee horses, ‘ - - - .n n... shed at. once to the at the road remains firm. this implement is as t A 103. nine or ten split in halves. The placed Qarallel to on â€"_.- a. “to v- w“, wa‘ . tops of ridges and rough places, drawing the material sideways and forward to fill; hollow! and rats, A “-0-"- 1“ {ha and crowning road.‘ mined, they should be required to act, only in opening snow roads, statute iebor being devoted to thin purpose. For ordinu'y load ' main- temnoo. and the care of the earth roads. . special rate should be levied with the mailer-axes. to be ex- pended by the council anal the road commissioners. In gil renpects. the model eyswn at road amusement being adopted in numerouemovmshipe is fully as well adapted to common certh rogds as to the more permu- ent (revel end none roads. -_....,...... ma Lr part m Store, for Could we jadgefall deeds by motives See the good and bad within. ‘ Often we shoald'lox‘o the sinnor. . All the while we Whethesin': Could we know the powers working To o’erthrow inwiW. a r. We should jadge each other 9 errors With more patient chatty. iW‘DI!aw\Vp Could we but. draw the curtnins . That surround each other's live. See the naked Wt and spirit. ‘ Know what “spur the action ghee Often we shquld find, it betur. Purer than we judge we should; We shOuld lme each other better. If “e only understood. Ah ! we judge each oiher harshly Knowing not the' a Hidden force . Knowinz not the (cunt. of action hues dafbid it it": source If We Understood the city. from “I "\w- -,v . TEE CITY‘S PROGRESS. Arriving when only n «have house decorum than pans. NeCnrron has new Peterhuroug nunâ€"cl vmce in up“: luv oer t lr. WV ‘ mill munuttcwril‘fi tween Shucoe a“ é. Iii-3m tye Roy mars useow go mum“: ...-.. v ”u“. “W __'_U _ 1nd cart to get their what ground tr'Hxst seven. come-s ”Matt. “in Into flour and to obuin'zhelr “OCR“ a: a” it. 2:31:02}??? 1:31 C Lift. ‘ ‘r of provisions. Port. “‘3‘” m that With milk. By nut later than eight W town ‘0’ years z‘but Vb“ ”o'clock ho is u. work, wriung, dic- difference a tow years In“ mm“ ’1 mung and interviewing. Peterborough. although an inland. His tood' is simfilicity itself. He author smokes nor drinks. For sex-- apot, has reached and over-IIPPG‘ , l . ll: _enl years hem been a vegan-um. mark. the "0 we pace the e not as a‘ nutter of principle, but shore town had not- because hcfindn um it, suits him. Mr. HrCtrroll'a wife is living and The mid-day mod, the chic! one of is now twoyeu‘s past the (our-sq) 2 _ , _ ‘ . _- M'th. the uniuue distincfitkjgflffhi duh.n 1:“ nutcralrmurc the troop: weee mobilised. With weapon but. a stick in his hands. also tom at he himseth-Mng a cl w w.» vâ€" , also e’o‘td at he himsethIWiné a can ‘pvor ma reâ€"eopied once more. 'lben‘ togotoithe front ml. in “Wyiifi'f’ dig”? on 10:: - , - 0mm . ' -,w e me C - withl Egg-y Sharia. a Ww'luu his find. There isno need for .0... meEmHy on may to look .t hbcopy. for he when unmet: mbulnning '0 m be is .mto any. _ i gmmfisfimwregd- mils .m t.‘ {dogs NL- wzu at , .nything t 84 “50 "M “a.“ M ’Wm‘lightonhisknowlcdgeof M an. molad'flflent of hisâ€" - ,AE‘A‘.‘ ma PIPE or REAGE- Irishlm IASY‘ LCE‘SC- of tho C‘ “phi“ The was in which the Gemini ar- 1 0 am his days so that he can at and campus!) so much is worth 1m first. sou-ct or has lin- M i on‘ i011 . is simplic ‘ , A I than“ phat“ 3““ I... charroll. {nther enlist 'u‘iccy. y-dsht your! old. He at holiday with-o when travelling com. ‘ of his "outstanding figure. the centre of emâ€" cmhusium. His public l:otion ’ and. gaddresacs have averaged over one a He has written and punuml like 200.000 n u a he w.“ tee and this is W" ”ego", “thatch , Laundry Bluing mainly the home “most words. 3' from words “3.. m highWflNS and the byway; N ' to kind skv folding 8”, 1!“! And never a can to drag me M ‘ ”d ne‘er a \oice to an; Only the Can of the long mm m I - to the far hm‘iwn's wall‘ simplic an of § A Beautiful DY-O-LA Fr . worked The glad seas. and themad w.“ seas (m u night of June_ And never a hand to beckon N from the will of the new“ moon ; xe‘oer a night that 13%» (0610.5. or a (lawn that hm!“ m The shrill bl‘ct‘Yv' and the hill hr“. the sea brew» fierce and bom‘ And never a hl‘f'i‘lv that gives thin to a la!» that a breach (Old. Always thf- 1:114- uf lhc‘ strange an new in 1hr ('uuntrics 9mg; The lone trail and tho known mu the trail Mm must take a; trust. And ncwr a mm Without a ”\‘e when- a unnIk-rur‘s bonus If? thrust-â€" Never a 100k 01‘ u turning hack 1,!“ ths- (108! shall clxxim the dust' -â€"Isabol Ecmcswnv MacKay, hm American Maga/ me. ,August ht mm. autumn-mm t0.- pummfl'mw" The direct“ mining a {3‘ secret long K minds 0“ GREEKS. only. This WP work and method “1 beautiful Hundreds now use it light l\d3 ora 5001'] V we 5d! ‘V'Uu ‘Llllr Prom above man” price is less W others chargt" T with every rm.“- It is a gvnuiw ring of spark‘mg 1y guaranmai, ‘ like a Belcher “it 12m. gold She‘X' a. it would 60-“ than 32-00. i What lucuul) I exquisite L‘ and 01d time only as a ”a introducing WILSON'S Wanderlust directions I a fan‘th 1a ulna AHl'u d at great 0: used b." the L women 01' Tlu- Soon-t of you - 1907; an» IVâ€" “V Rt c0111 1 he 1 this ring 35 Inanufacturing 5 than one . The red” l tho knmvn U‘Iil American k‘ p,\l)l'L‘~‘~N 1'3 (1 i011- 3nd rec mun‘ dam uIV‘xil‘n and C(anl‘. d 1‘37 '_ HRH-I)" d aiter expense m fairest 1' I-Zuropc bills our 5‘ STAL wnnifn 3d their as 00¢ W m- SW air A CHAMPION ['1 THE QUESTION PRO AND C DIFFER, AND STILL SMOKE (Hail and Kw Bax-die was the]: the other d1 tint the British W' Toronto, does not it! pnmises. “It n." said the Brim files out of four 1 WM echo his we "I“! the consumpt‘, M who hold til “it quote some the «fleet that mt “ Well as its abu SMOKING, PI a” Wm use he are injured I ll! killed by its “‘9 Others show 36 in. Wide! and inst: tion “nifthey 5“- â€" 10c a yard. In many (1m and (3010st “‘0 Clearing at ..... Handsome pq orings, at 12k Clearing at ...... 1] Good quality paragon frame In all sizes. {I well made. 1i!“ At per pair ...... We have Harvesting Gloves at possible pr see them. Store olo o’clock, Sa oepted. idc. At as well LI ..a.---o trout»: only 1 bla' difii iSS‘