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W 0! Experiments Conducted. at mi 1 Ontario Agricultural College, 1900 . " â€"â€"Work of Thirteen Years. ‘ Upwards of three hundred plots Mere used for the Winter Wheat, ex- periments conducted at the Ontario Agricultural College during the past ,year. The greater number of these tests have been carried on for severâ€" al years in succession and the aver- age results are of greater value than those obtained from tests of only one season. The following summary results of some of the experiments are presented with the hope that they 3931 grove of Service to the people of Ontario who are inferestec? in the production of winter wheat. r «9-2? h tired an; fijti’fihe varieâ€"i ‘tie‘i of w fer Wfii‘at have been groWn‘ at the College within the past thir- teen years. These include the Canaâ€" dian varieties and also those im- ported from Germany, Russia, Trance, mgland, Scotland, Austra- flia and the United States. Ninety- Joni-kinds have been tested for at least five years and only the best; Ekinds have been retained. The thirty- three most worthy varieties in the five years’ tests were all grown ,again this year. The five varieties which gave the highest and the three varieties which gave the lowest av- erage yields in the six years’ tests of .the thirtyâ€"three varieties are as folâ€" lows: u-u â€" â€" OVV, '(white) ......... Strong 60.3 . 2. Egyptian amber ....Weak 61.3 52.6 8. Imperial amber ..... Weak 60.6 52.1 4. Early Genesee Giant (white ............... Strong 69.5 51.9 5, Reliable (red) ....... \V'eak 61.4 50.9 81. Trendwell (White) ..Strong 60.7 42.3 82. Turkey red ...... .JVeak 61.9 41.3 83. Velvet chaff (red) ”Strong $21.5 40.7 The grain of each of these varie- ties Was recently judged for milling qualities by representatives from the .1113. Goldie Milling ‘50., Guelph, with the following results: Dawson‘s ‘Golden Chaff, good: Egyptian Amber, eXtr-a. good; Imperial Amber, extra. good; Turkey Red, good; and A'elvet. .Chaff, poor. Some millers speak. :against and some in favor of the Dawson’s Golden Chafi as a, milling ‘wheat. The grain of the Turkey Red is very hard and evidently is well liked by the millers of some of the Western St ates. .-t\- Large plump seed. ~£21 bushels; small plump seed, 35.0 bushels: shrunken seed, 35.5 bushels, and broken seed, 7.3 bushels. The grain .produced from the large plump seed also produced a heavier weight per measured bushel than that produced from any other selection: 1. Dawson‘s gold chat! vv Fan of each of the four years differ- ent selections of seed have been made from each of two varieties of winter wheat and have been sown on separate plots. The average results in yield of grain per acre of the eight tests thus made are as follows: . The average of several 3ears' re- aults from seeding at different dates Show that the grain which was sown on or before the 9th of September gave a consxderably larger yield of both straw and grain than that which was sown after that date. The very best yields were obtained from the wheat which was sown in the last week of August. An experiment 331th different pre- parations of 33imcr 33heat land has been conducted in duplicate in each of (our years. The average results In bushels of grain per acre of the eight tests are as follows: Twenty tons of farmâ€"yard manure per acre ‘on bare summer fallow, 40.9; crop of peas plowed under. 36.1; bare sum- ]ner fallow, 33.8; crop of buck“ heat plowed under, 29 .6. These results show that peas gi3e much better reâ€" sults than buckwheat 33 hen used as a green manure on land to be used tor vinter wheat. In an experiment conducted durâ€" ing the past year in 'growing wheat on grass sod and on clover sod it was found that the former gave 28. 2 per cent. less in yield of grain per acre than the latter. Ten plots {were used for the experiment. The -'crop of both grass and clover was remoxed from the land in 1899 after which the land was plow ed and the .Wheat was sown during the first fweek of September. The experiment xvill likely be repeated for several years. In each of six years an experiment has been conducted in duplicate by sowing winter wheat broadcast and .with a. drill. The results from sowâ€"- mg the same quantities of seed by .the two methods are xery similar, the yields per acre being practically equal. It should be understood that Ithe land was in a good state of cul- tivation when the seeding took place In every case. . In ofder to find out. the influence of cutting wheat at difiergnt stages of maturity upon the quality of the grain for seed purposes, samples were taken from the crop cut on dif- ferent dates and these samples were carefully sown upon separate plots. In the average results of these tests made with two varieties in each of five years, it was found that the heaviest weight of grain per Incas-1 ured bushel, and the largest yield‘ of grain and straw per acre, were produced from seed taken from the crop which had been allowed to be- come very ripe before it was cut. (Do-Operative Experiments Throughout Ontario. Five varieties of winter wheat were sent out for coâ€"operative exâ€" periments in the autumn of 1899. These were divided into two sets, with three varieties in each set, the Dawson’s Golden (‘hafl‘ being used in both sets as a basis by which the reâ€" sults of all the varieties could be compared with one another. We have received one hundred and four- teen reports of successfully conducted winter wheat experiments for 1900. Dawson‘s Golden alumnus Gold Coin ....... -.......1.8 My Genesee Giant ””11 may red Clawson ”mule The following table gives the com- parative yield of straw and grain per acre of the varieties of Winter wheat tested in 1900 on 114 On- tario farms: ' WINTER WHEAT. Varieties. Strength Lbs. Busn or per per acre Straw, Bush. (60155.) ’- 9'“. 0 “It .Stron Tons or Busn.or grain Straw (bush. 60 lbs.) M tic yum!” .LI with the experime'.“"?‘2 f” ’7'33“; ed by the following figulfa' ;3“' son’s Golden Chafi, 100; Early be“? see Giant, 84; Gold Coin, 73; Dia- mond Grit, 71, Early Red Clawson, 69. The Diamond Grit variety was sent, out owing to its quality rather than its yield of grain. The Early‘ Red Clawson, which is a. soft red‘ wheat made Comparatively poor re-‘ sults in the co-operative experiments over Ontario. The Dawson’s Golden Chaff gave a yield of uprrdg of 40 bushels of grain per acre in twentyâ€" one of the experiments. The one hundred and fourteen re- ports of successfully conducted ex- periments came from twenty-nine of the cgypties of Ontario; The C0111: ties which sent the lz‘I‘géSt :1me of good reports were Grey, Huron and Middlesex in Western Ontario; York, Muskoka. and Northumberland in Cen- tral Ontario, and Hastings, Fronten- ac and Lanark in Eastern Ontario. Many of the experimenters deserve much credit for the care they have taken in condficting the coâ€"operative tests with winter Wheat during the past year. Regulated by Law in All the Good. Road Countries of Europe. Prof. H. P. King, phvsicist of the Wisconsin agricultural station, in the bulletin prepared b3 h1m on the construction and maintenance of country roads, says concerning Wide tires: When we come to have a system of good roads and the means for main- taining them it will be necessary to hme ordinances regulating the \\ idth of tire and diameter of Wheel which Four-wheel carts with five to eight horses, 6.180 inch tires. Carts “ith 111010 than four and \\ agons With more than eight horses are not allowed to use the roads without a special permit from the authorities. Other countries of the old “orld haxe found similar ordinances neces- sarx and it is clearly rat: onal and just that such matters shou'd 1e 1e- gulated, for otherwise one man mav easilv put in jeopardv the interests of a. Whole community). Homemade Device Thu: Dow. as Work as Some of Thmc Patented. Fruit can be dried in Lhe house with such a. homemmh- device as is shown in the cut. The box has a bottom of sheet. iron, with a woodâ€" en bottom two inches above this perforated with holes. Air is adâ€" mitted to the two-inch space thtqgi HOME FRI'IT DRIER. holes in the sides of the box. A small oneburnor oi-l stove beneath causes a. constant current of warm air to pass up through the box (in which the fruit can be placed on tiers of slatted shelves) and out at the top through the small openings in the sides. The whole of the bot- tom of the box .is covered by the sheet iron.â€"N. Y. Tribune. Timely Dairy Notes. Dairying robs the soil less than any other branch of farming, A ton of butter takes a. half dollar’s worth of plant food from the farm, but It sells at from $100 to $600. It is not very long since butter was habitually “traded out” at the store. Much of it can only be dis- posed of in this way still, "but good butter is always a cash article. It is the gentle bull that needs watching. They are treacherous ani- mals, and become very cross as they grow older. Bulls should always be "ringed" in order to have them un- der control. If given a 3'. ' for ex- ercise, the fence should be waged and high, in order to shut out surround- ing objects. â€"â€" Barnum’s Midland Protecting Stock From Flies. It is rather difficult to protect hor- ses and cattle against the attacks of- flies when outdoors or in pasture. The farmers in Holland endeavor to protect their cattle while in pasture by covering them with thin muslin blankets. Washing the animals re peatedly with a. decoction of walnut leaves has been recommended, but having no experience I cannot say Whether the protection is a complete. one or not. I am inclined to doubt it. The small flies which usually atâ€" take the eyes are probably best ward- ed oil by applying to the eyelids a little extract of gentiana.â€"â€"-â€"Farm and Fireside. Farmer . Value of Birds. A French scientist has fated that without birds to on 19am; and weed seeds the earth v:- a few years become uninhabimme for man. When it is considered that almost the entire food of the majority of‘birds consists of seed of some sort and in- sects or worms, the statement is not mwbbabl°3 - v THE WIDTH OF TIRES- S!MPLE FRUIT DRIER. cad" 5/4: gum ,8 repreggnq RECTANGULAR FIELDS. Mm Ian “atom! Than 0th“- Ship” pm! An Not 3110!} More Dif- flcult to Make. Every farmer is Willing to‘ agree that rectangular fields are less Wasteful of land than fields of other shapes, and that straight lanes and roads running at right angles to or parallel With the sides of these fields -A-_-_-_:-Av in- sire not only more economical of gpace and time, but are neater than ir‘regular roads; It is not every man, however, that has a satisfac_ tory way of making his roads ”and fields take these forms. 02 course, “V-u-~ wpere ravines and other. 'formations of the surface occur roa’ds and fences must conform to the surface more or less; bl“ lowing method, that the writer has used recently with satisfaction, may be employed. Decide upon a. straight baseâ€"line, and work from filat. Start at one of the corners, A (see illustration), and measure hack on the line any convenient distance, B, say 20 feet, using a. piece 01‘ rope that will not stretch. Hold the rope tight, and draw the arc BCD. New start at B. and keeping the rope tight, mark the point C. From C mark off D, and also draw a, little are passing through E, which will be definitely located when the stationary end of the line is placed at D and the dis- tance, 20 feet, marked off. The line drawn from A to B will be perpenâ€" penzlicular to the base-line, and all that Will now be necessary Will he to extend this line by the usual meâ€" thod of sighting with poles. The Cuitivation of the Orchard. The ideal orchard is kept free from all vegetation, and-the surface soil cultivated frequent enough to keep it in a loose, porous condition. Weeds are not, allowed to grow, and the ground is kept shaded and cool by a mulch, either of the soil itself or the annual deposit of leaves left to deâ€" cay. The tree. after it; has grown. to any size, will furnish shade. Some farmers utilize their orchards by planting root crops between the trees. The cultivation of these will keep down the weeds and keep the ground loose at the s srface. Where the trees 3 together some on; but, little tendin: Cowpeas will 1-- soil, and will 1' of exercise and if allowed to : Beside this the a: many insects that the trees and fruit. 315.1} f \Od w large and close b that “.111 need shnulll be put in. of hrixefit to (h. ;.u abundance for the {owls w in the orchard. «ens “fill destroy injurious to (here is no bet- 3’ '1. ter crop than clover, especially the crimson variety. The roots keep the soil in good audition and add nitrogen to it. The heavy annual deposit of leaves and stems act as a mulch, while the heavy growth of uxunxu, "as... w- v ---.. y the plants shade the ground and keep it cool. As to the labor involv- ed, this crop will need no attention except plowing up and reseeding every third or fourth year. Scale Insects on Gun“. We generally think of scale insects as damaging trees and tree fruits. Most of us have never felt that we need concern ourselves about these inects on grasses. It is a fact, however, that in some parts of the country scale insects abound in the grasses. Whether or not they are to become a. pest remains to be dem- onstrated. The Kansas Agricultural College has been investigating them and has just published a bulletin de- scribing a considerable number of species. Nothing is said as to their harmfulness or necessity for measures of destruction. These points must yet be learned. The grass scales at- tach themselves to the plants near the roots or on the crowns. The greatest danger from 'them seems to ‘be in relation to grasses on ranges and permanent pastures.â€"â€"Farmers' taCh th4 the r0 greatest be in I1 and De Review. Many plum tested with work chiefly How to Fight Brown Lice. Many plum and locust trees are inâ€" fested with a brown louse. They work chiefly on the underside of the leaves and on twigs. The lice should be carefully sprayed with kerosene emulsion made as follows: Dissolve 1% pounds of soap in a gallon of hot rain Water and when cool add two gallons of coal oil and agitate vigorâ€" ously until a. creamy mass is formed: use one part of the emulsion to nine parts of water for all sucking inn sects. Apply in a fine, even spray so wv‘ww- _~r‘, v , as to wet the insects thoroughly. A second application may be necessary. Poultry have need of their heads and feet even when they are. dead, a fact our colonial cousins do not seem to be aware of. A large consignment of fowls and ducks have ‘ust arrived in London from New 'ealand, all destitute of these Important ad- juncts, a. deficiency which renders them unsuitable. for show in the fore- front of the shops. .This is the more to be deplored, as home 511;? plies are, plentiful, and irreproachable _ ‘~_.A râ€"Vvâ€" v as is the quality of the colonial birds, they will find it difficult in their maimed condition to compete with the unsullied home product. Some Pig- Pan Hints. Pigs of much difference in age .or size should not run together, as the stronger will drive the younger from the feed. Keep the young pigs growing, feed them liberally in the side pen. In this way they will gradually learn self-dependence and not draw so heav- ily, on the dam. PLAN OF RECTANGULAR FIELD. for Ordinary places the fol. THE WATCHMAN-WARDER: LINDSAY. 0N1 Headless Colonial Fowls. Lice scales atâ€" .nts near 115. The seems to n ranges Farmers' EiGOOd-Byes and Let-Goesfilg. L W. F. McCarty Always Appreciated W. F. McBARTY, Every lady appreciates jew- elry. Even the ordinary sort is enjoyed while it is new, but the largest pleasure goes with the best quality. To insure permanent pleasure you must give jewelry that will wear. We make a specialty of the best. and your gift will argue your case for you constantly if you buy wisely here. THE JEWELLER, '77 Kent~St.. South Sid: Harvest Excursions Winnipeg Regina. ] Delorainc Moosejaw f 30 Antier Yorkton _ g‘stevan 532% Albert $35 nscu-th ary } Moosomin Madeod Hamioza Red Deer I s 1 0 Swan River Edmonton ~ From all points in Ontario. Omping, Sault Ste Myyie, Ont.. WindsorAand Eaet. , _l"or'furth'er particulurs tpply to the netted Cent dun Pnciflc Agent, or to G.P.R- OFFICE - - - KENT STREET New Boarding Stables Having leased the Jowott Accommodation Ba rns on York-st., lam now prepared toreceive horses to board by day or week on reasonable terms. First-class men in charge day and night. Farmers and others coming to town can have their horses carefully looked after, and parcels taken care of. Comfortable ofl‘ree. Elva cont Parool Dollvory ofliqe on pre- mises. Goods delivered to any part of town promptly. First-class I": llaolr for Weddings, Funerals, etc., or by the hour. AUG. SEPT. Phone 104. Assistant General Pnssengex Agent. x King Street East, Toronto. 23m, . um. T. C. Matchett, Agent A. H. NOTMAN, RETURNING UNTIL OCT. 271'“. AND RETURN PARKS T0 . W. WORKMAN IOTH; ISM will be run on Watch him carefull‘; SEPTEMBER 61}; A! yin love " your thud, mo , B35 to save his life give him Dr. FM, ”3C! ofold Strawbcrn'. 7~ «v CO 5‘“ ' “‘“Ct DI "nu u;-â€"--< , dy SO 5'" .Thcre is no other rcmc (We to children and none so 6505 “’3' Chas. Smith, Shoal Lake. W ”YS: "I think Dr. Fow Wild Strawberry is the best med scum us ever made for diarrhosaa d." b5 “1.4 summer complaint. It is the .‘h‘ng to give children whcr‘. 1.139.? a“ "U. I have alwavs us ' ,9“ my 30d it has névcr )‘ct failed' I also cheap. Some new lines to hand. finish guaranteed. 'atch him carefull r‘U“ "' first indication Pig??? “5'3 Fri-Fowler‘s 11d Strawberry. Tax No"! mm W” For Summer them. They are . am 31 {0‘ you: next of Trouse‘ wear The tnnnfl inheh and 1 u for day! mke this 3 yet been Constable profit etc! I will be lazy-{12.7 field {or Friday aver MILL he on S;