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ciple that we should act under orders to the end of them applies no less to the industrial than the military sphere. It applies to every depart- ment of national supplyâ€"to the agri- culturist, to the transport worker, to the skilled factory hand, to the em- ployer and his machines, to casual labor. The activities of 45,000,000 human beings can be coâ€"ordinated and directed to a single end Only through the impalpable cohesion which willina‘ and loyal service gives. Discipline in essence is prompt and exact, obedience to orders. And in war time the nation, if it is to do its work properly, must, no less than the army. put itself under discipline. But on the industrial plane it can- not be done by law. The Government: cannot give orders to every individual 1 as to how he should employ himself l to tn and of the war. National ser-} rice in industry must be introduced} primarily by public opinion. Thei national unity of Germany or France,f their efficiency and spirit, their subordination of all questions of person or class to the supreme busi- nssw of war, is not due to statutes or to fear of punishment, but to a self- lmpOS'L’ll national discipline, directed and encouraged by Government, but in is .~ssence of popular origin. And in this country unity and efficiency \zil': only come through national disci- piln‘: similarly self«imposed. It is in: until every worker, every employ- cn-ry farmer, resolves to do what- {“"'L" will serve his country best in this fiiv- do}: of its trial, whatever it may a JS(. that we shall get efficient orga- T.l22:1?l¢rl’i and inner peace. This spirit is specially difficult to i..:rml:i::c in the industrial sphere. {'niortunntely the war has caught the British Isles at the crisis of the strug- gle lu-IWé-(‘n capital and labor. In- dustry itself has become a sort of tf‘i‘lli‘h warfare in which positions are won or retained only after long and inspcratc lighting. In consequence, to u Ezirgc proportion of the popula- tin); duty to the State has been a1- ;n.;.~;t forgotten in the more pressing claim.~ of duty to their class. Sud- .:;~:: another and more real war has l?2'.;‘!"..‘::t~‘. uith an imperative de- UiJll'l rm both sides to abandon their :zrizl- mini. bend all their energies to inimioie: the output of supplies. This fin-g. have '50 far been unable to '30. Tip. ill-feeling between employ- :-~ 11:11 labor is not abated; neither sLi» v.23! make much advance towards c riiifllllnlifi‘. and. in consequence, sadism ~will occur, and the output of ‘ - is trrievously delayed. In London, Eng., Sept. 22.â€"-The pnn‘ >119}? introduce i Unfortunat British Isle gle betwee dustry itse trench war won or rat 'W National Duty in 'War ice; output must be aoanuuucu, at. the output can be increased to r=.-.ximum which efficient organiâ€" -: and hard work can give. i) settlement, however safeguard- :u: be expected to restore pre-war itions when the war is over. The itself is changing them perma- l}'. The totally new economic «,1 in which we shall soon live will ._., them still more. With the will in the world things can ne- main be as they have been. But if they could, the risk that both : will incur of losing something .-hat they have fought for all ‘ years, by absolutely suspending v L l K. .~ wn industrial battle for the. . is precisely the sacrifice which ought to make for the sake/of ‘ fellows and their Allies and the o for which we stand. So long as «ml: at the problem from the point i-wt of our own interests We shall “: do our duty. Those who have > to the front have offered their It is for those who are left be- . to offer no less. It is not until tipptach the industrial problem 2:» spirit that we will do whatever mmst help to win the war, that critics will vanish and the le'n: and narrow road which leads ictory will become plain. here is a third sphere in which we “'f‘t‘ady to go on national ser- Victory in this war will depend obviously difficult for two to suspend their quarrel and stitute spontaneous and ener- co-operation for competition ispicion. It is, therefore, the :5 of the State to lay down the of a temporary settlement by guaranteeing to each side as possible the essentials of mm positions after the war, stify it in calling upon both to e to increase the output of ans to the utmost possible ex- 11 victory is won. The princiâ€" the settlement are not difficult 0n the one hand, all special rolits, of whatever kindâ€"that [its over and above the average pr i-war rateâ€"must be diverted irivate pockets into the cofi'ers State. so that every man should at if he is working harder, be king for the State and not for ‘ gain. On the other hand, the a strike and regulations re- ;9: output must be abandoned, t; the output can be increased to .vimnm which efficient organi- ‘- I 1f .sc. and. m consequence,1tnel' We are mm: W luau w... ....... .. i1! occur, and the output of 1 which is decisive. Months ago the is grievously delayed. IniGermans began to work for victory trial sphere there is as yet I in this way. ‘We have now to make front to the foe. It is mani- j up for lost time by still greater reso- ared by both sides. And i lution in the task. ‘ tally the reason is the same.’ Finally, in order to enforce econ-i is not to be allowed to en- omy. as well as to ease the industrial 1c positions they occupy on position, drastic new taxation may be strial battle-ground. The I necessary. This may meanâ€"it proba- property are not to be seri- bly ought to meanâ€"the sweeping of ‘ri used, the rights of labor all special war profits over and above 0 be seriously impaired even 3 the average pre-war rates into the e war. Neither side, in fact,l cofi'ers of the state, a tax on wages, to make the sacrifices which i a still higher income-tax, and new vitably be made if they arelduties on such articles as tea and all to do their own full duty l tobacco imported from abroad. Of 1r. the actual measures necessary and the o viously difficult for twocomplementary steps which may be ) suspend their quarrel and needed to deal with the unemployment tute spontaneous and enerâ€" drastic economy may cause, the Gov- â€"operation for competition ernment must judge. It is for us to iicion. It is, therefore, the accept the burden cheerfully and of the State to lay down the without complaint. From The Round Table. not only on men and munitions. It Will, as Napoleon found, depend even more on money. We have hardly be- gun to recognize this truth in prac- tice. We are spending more than the other nations and getting less. In another article the problem of econ- omy is examined in greater detail. Its conclusion, amounts to this, that we cannot assume that we shall be uble to last out the enemy unless we get far more for our expenditure than we do toâ€"day, and unless we ef- fect ruthless economics in our pri- vate. expenditure, especially on im- ported supplies. The first aspect of the problem is! mainly for the Government. Theyi alone can decide Where economies can' be effected in our public expenditure. Not the smallest cause of waste is the prevailing idea that everybody and every locality has a right to make ‘ as much profit as they can out of the tremendous outlay of public money that is now going on. That idea is quite inconsistent with any true prin- ciple of national service. If national! service were carried into universal effect everybody would serve the, country for a living wage according‘ to their own standard of living, till the end of the war. But while any such drastic revolution as that is out of place in the middle of war, some steps can be taken towards it. Large savings, at any rate, can be made at ithe expense. not of the comforts of lthe soldier, but of the profits of the Estay-at-hcmes, by a ruthless cutting down of billeting rates and contract prices, and by careful economy of I supplies everywhere. i The second aspect of the financial iproblem is for ourselves. The Gov- iernment has already declared that I drastic personal economy is necessary ipartly so that the savings effected Imay be invested in the war loan, ! partly so that, by reducing the quan- ‘itity of foreign imports, we may les- gsen also the bill we have to pay {abroad It is for us now to carry ithese orders out. If we are all to do 3 our share to help to win the war, we imust set about economizing in every .possible way ourselves. In this all ihave a part to play. No economy is itoo small. whether it be in food, ma- iterial like petrol and tires, or luxur- i ies, for it not to affect the balance of ,trade. And no sum withheld from ! expenditure on some private pleasure ! is too small to invest in the national ' loan. In the aggregate the effect will ibe immense, and our conduct for the lrest of the war may determine whe- !ther we are able to last out an end iwhich is decisive. Months ago the |Germans began to work for victory iin this way. W'e have new to make g up for lost time by still greater reso- Elution in the task. Says That Average Britisher Is a Clean Fighter. The following letter, which is quoted in the London Spectator, is by a young American fighting with the Allies:â€" “I've been mixed up with the Bri? tish soldiers for some time now,” he. says, “and I tell you there is not a' cleaner fighter nor better gentleman in the world than the average Bri- tisher. They know how to win and they know how to lose. They never forget they are gentlemen no matter what they do, and they have the cour- age that knows no ending. Napoleon saidâ€"‘The British nation is a race of lions led by asses,’ and he was quite right. They are thought to be snobs, but I admire them. I have seen the ‘snobs’ out in France, and braver men nor truer gentlemen never lived. They share the hardships with the men, and never ask them to do what they wouldn’t do themselves. The men worship them, and will follow them anywhere. I have yet to wit- ness a‘German officer leading his men in a charge. .They follow after. But the British ofi‘icer always leads his men; and so does the French. J. “For an example of the average British officer let me tell you of my company commander, Lieut. Scott. He is only a boy of twenty, and a direct descendant of Sir Walter Scott. He was an only son of one of the proudest families in Scotland. When there was any risky work to be done ,he would not shift it off on to a ser- lgeant or corporal, but would ask for lvolunteers. and when he had those he lwanted would lead himself. His unâ€" flinching devotion to what he consid- ered his duty and quiet courage in the performance of that duty was some- thing beautiful to witness.” Foil is used by jewellers under the setting of precious stones, to add a lustre to them. A YANKEE ON THE BRITISH. (To be continued.) WEIRD VISITORS AT , THE WAR OFFICE HARD MATTER T0 INTERVIEW' LORD KITCHENER. The Strange Callers W110 Try to See Members of the Cabinet. You have hard work indeed to get into the War Office nowadays when you wish to see anybody important there. For a host of guards of one sort of another have to be satisfied, passed, and propitiated ere you come to the man you want to see. Nor is this provision unnecessary, for every day sees an eccentric man or woman trying to get an interview with some notability in the various Government offices about Whitehall, says a writer in London Answers. “I want to see Lord Kitchener, that’s what I want!” exclaimed a re- cent visitor to the War Office indig- nantly, when he was stopped by a burly policeman, and asked to show his pass at the Whitehall Avenue en- trance. “No, I haven’t any pass. But I’ve invented something which will drive all the Germans out of Belgium in a fortnight! What is it? Never you mind what it is, young man!” wentton the irate visitor. “Just take me to Kitchener’s room, that’s all! What? I can’t see him? And this is called a free country! Well, then, I’ll just go along to Buckingham Palace and see King George, and tell him about it, that’s what I’ll do!” Whether the angry man went to;' the Palace or not the smiling police- man never learned. But it is certaini that his chance of interviewing Lord‘ Kitchener without some very special appointment made long beforehandl was about as likely as his seeing in' the flesh the present Shah of Persia! Another crank did actually get into the Home Office some few weeks ago,‘l though how yet remains a mystery. He must have smuggled himself in. somehow amongst a number of clerks, 1 etc., about nine a.m., when there wasi quite a little crowd entering. Be that} as it may, a clerk on arriving found; this stranger in his room, and was? blandly told by the visitor that he was i waiting to be taken to Mr. McKenna,‘ with whom he had an appointment, Luckily, the young ofiicial quickly} grasped the fact that this man in his room was at least “a bit off” it, if not § altogether a lunatic, for he began to; say such strange things as to rouse suspicions. L So the clerk did a very smart thing. g IInstead of raising the poor fellow’sl i temper by refusing to let him see the I ;then Home Secretary, the clerk quite” {calmly asked the man to follow him,1 ;and led by devious stairs and cor-; .ridors until he found himself shown? !through a side door into the street. 1 What the demented one said wheni ‘ that happened the clever clerk did not i 7 wait to hear. But certainly the eccen- 7; I . . . . j tric Visitor did not pass the keen door- ; ikeepers again that day. i I l 5 Only if you have a letter on you,; ; showing the actual appointment made, ’ do you get admission to the room of a ‘ 1 Minister at the House of Commons' :to-day. When I recently had to pay: in visit to Dr. Macnamara, of the Adg % miralty, in his room at the House, the ; .policeman on duty there, after beingl satisfied on seeing my credentialsfi told me about the trouble they hadl iwith unauthorized visitors almost; ' every week. i In the engagemepts around “One r: Did England Want _to_V}"in? engagemc’nts around “11:12. the Rumiun city taken by the Germans. huge bodies of German cavalry ondcavorcd to cut off the Russian armies retreating from the cit v in the vicinity of Dfinsk. which is now the centre of attack by thv 'l‘ouwxzic forces, Countermov ng the German plan. the Russians sent their cavalry with all haste to the vicinity of Dvinsk to defeat the plan of the 'l‘cutons. came a month or so back,” he Saved by Tact. ONTARIO ARCHIVES TORONTO said, “who told us he must see Sir Ed- ward Grey. It was imperative, as he could put him up to a thing or two which would just about make all America immediately send thousands of men to help the Allies at the Front! When we told the man he had better write the Secretary for Foreign Af- fairs concerninp: it he got very much annoyed, and finally wanted to know whether England wished to win this war or not. “Then he tried a new tack by ve- hemently declaring that I was pre- venting England from winning it by my stopping him there; and, finally, I had to summon another officer to re- move him altogether outside Palace Yard. Even when this had been done he stood beyond the railings shaking his fist at me for several minutes ere he finally departed.” “Beg pardon, can vou tell me if this is M1. Llyod Geo1ge’s house, sir?” saida lady to me as I drew near to the Ministei’ s lesidence, in Downing Stieet the othei day I happened to be going myself to see Mrs. Lloyd Gem we on impmtant business. “Yes, it is, madam,” said I, as we came to the door. hen her eyes opened wide as she saw me ring the bell. “Oh, are you going to see Mr. Lloyd George?” asked shed I nodded. “May I come in with you? I very much desire to tell him something about the drink question I think he ought to know, as it is extremely ur- gent.” I had to explain that it was quite impossible for me to ask her in with me; that she must ring and ask for an interview on her own account. Whereupon she got very angry, called l The stranger quite politely explain- Eed that he was an American visiting éLondon, who had thought he should Elike to see the famous house, had found the door open, stlolled in to ask someone if he might look round, and :had walked from room to room, never *meeting a servant till he had come iac1oss this secretaiy. But of cou1se, lthat cu1ious chance could scarcely happen once in half a centu1y at or- ? (linary times, let alone when a Cabinet ‘ meeting was in progress, so thorough Care the precautions which are taken iag‘ainst unofficial intrusions. me many unkind names, and, as the maid admitted me into No. 11, this violent woman was told by a police- man who had just sauntered up that if she didn’t quickly clear out of Downing Street, unless she kept quiet, she- would have to be forcibly remov- ed elsewhere. It is rare indeed that any unauthor- ized person does actually get inside the sacred place, whether house or Government office, into the presence of a Cabinet Minister in this way. But it has been done. I recollect one of the former secre- taries of 21 Prime Minister telling me how he, one noon, with amazement, found a perfect stiange1 in a room close by wheie the Cabinet was hold- ing a meeting at No.10 Downing Street. The British commercial attache at Yokohama reports that the Japanese government has recently appointed a commission selected from the high officials of state, to consider the ques- tion of transferring to private own- ership, the various government fac- tories. The factories include the wool. army clothing, steel, wood and printing works. Wise is the man who realizes that he is a fool and tries to live it down. About the only difference 'in babies is in the personal opinions on their mothers. Government Factories in Japan. She Lost Her Temper. Baths That Have Made Men and} Cities Famous. 1 The act of bathing has usually been ' looked upon as merely prosaic and: necessary, but not a few baths have-E attained to fame either because of some incident which took place while! the bather was engaged in the act of? ablution or from some other circum-E stance connected with it; while there: have been some famous baths in fie-l tion, such as the one which Alfred; Jingle took after his match with Sir; Thomas Blazo, after which he “had af: bath and went to dimer.” Then there was the bath taken by Arthur Pen-i dennis, to which he treated himself after he had “met men of a low set,” and which he had scented in order to make it more efficacious. Bathing has been the custom among primitive peoples from the earliest times, and indeed the animals recog- nize the necessity of keeping their skins healthy by cleansing them con- , stantly in some way. It was said that the merits of the Bath springs were ; first discovered by Prince Bladud, who lsufi‘ered from a skin disease, by kléiéhing a sick pig wallowing i mud. Sick animals, too, led the t1a' cller ' to discover the merits of certain wa- ters in Africa fo1 curing feve1, for the banks of rivers bordered by cer- tain shiubs become impiegnated with theii juices; the ext1eme value of qui-I nine as a remedy for malaria was first I discovered, it is said, by watching the 1ec0V cry of several animals who drank of the wateis which flower past the bushes. MERITS OF CERTAIN WATERS. Baths among some nations of the"l East have come to be recognized as, curing mental ailments, and the pil-j grim who sought everywhere for the “River of the Arrow” firmly believed that, when he had bathed in it, all his; sins would be washed away. Bathing in the Ganges is credited with the same virtue by the Hindus, while visi- tors to the Pool of Siloam in Biblical days believed that no ailment could survive washing in its waters. Many holy wells are credited with still stranger virtues, since those who plunge into them are said to obtain their wishes if the proper forms are observed. Stories have been woven round certain bathers which gild their act of bathing with romance. The bath taken by Archimedes, owing to overfilling by a servant, led to the disâ€" covery of specific gravity. The absent- minded philosopher, leaving the bath abruptly, rushed through the streets ‘ of Syracuse shouting “Eureka!” Unless Germany Wins the Empire Is Doomed. There is no doubt that the pro- foundest discontent with the war per- vades the high mixture of people known as the “Dual Empire,” and un- less Germany wins a sweeping victory the Empire is doomed. The Empire is made up of probably two score of different nationalities, each selfishly straining to get the advantage of the other and tugging at the leash which holds them together. On top of this is the decadent old aristocracy, with the senile Emperor at the head. The “idiot Archduke-3” of Austria has long been a byword in Europe. They have only succeeded in maintaining their ascendancy by playing off one race One bricklayer can lay about 1,500 or 1,600 bricks in a day of ten hours, leaving the joints rough. “Dhysluu-Ay‘v v.v L._vv and one religion against another. Now when they are using: the sons of the peop‘xe as mere “kannonenfuter” â€"â€"cannon fodderâ€"the anger and re- bellion of the people grow hotter THE DUAL EMPIRE. in the and 'FACTS CONCERNING 1 "HE POINTS ; OF THE PROJECTILES. WOfflieMiraclos Wrought in the i? ‘r :1 . g“ "Manufacture ‘ bf ‘t‘ 31s realize that it is also one of the m‘ost'deiic'ate and complicated? ; ft~Recefitly,~ some firms holding con- ltracts“ for. making highâ€"explosive {shell took upon themselves to “cor- ,reét” a detail a detail in the specifica- tion, amigas a result, a certain thread . ' ‘ 'i“improved.” They will never do anything of the kind again, because all their Work was rejected. The ap- ’panent' abSurdityâ€"it is, in fact, an absolute absurdity, from an engineer- ,ingpoint of viewâ€"is designed of set purpose, says London Answers. With a Soft Nose. There is a somewhat similar anom- aly in. the big shell for penetrating armor plating, which was introduced in consequence of an accident. One day a test shell was fired at a piece of armor-plating from the soft side. and the projectile went clean through it, and exploded after impact; whereâ€" as, a similar shell fired against the frontâ€"the hardened and tempered sideâ€"shattered, and left an indenta- tion of 'only a few inches. This singular incident set somebody ithinking, and, in consequence, the ihigh-explosive armor-piercing shell is inow given a soft nose. To the hard it point is attached a cap of soft metal, 5 with which addition it will go through {the toughest piece of armor-plate. .1. What happens on impact seems to be lithis: The cap spreads, holding the e ; point, and so enabling itâ€"remember flthat the shell is revolving rapidlyâ€" e ‘ to force its way unbroken through the f . hard face of the plate by a sort of ' boring action. No less curious is another fact con- cerning the points of such projectiles. After the heads have been worked, the shells are left for weeks before they undergo the next stage, because, strong as they look, they are liable I I i Constantly Inspected. g As a concrete proof of the elabor- late nature of projectile making, take ‘the case of the shrapnel shell. The lfsteel portion undergoes about a score of operations, and the brass cartridge- !case attached to the base requires 'about sixteen, counting from the disc !of sheet brass to the finished article. gThen there is the fuse, the delicacy 3 of the work in which resembles watch- émaking. to snap. Steel is Easily “Tired." Why? Think of the razor. Con- stant stropping twists the grain, with the result that the steel gets “tired," and will not yield a keen edge. But if you put the thing away for a few weeks the grain will return to its nor- mal state, and you can get a satis- factory shave. In a similar way, the grain of the steel is affected by work- ing,- though, of course, to a much greater extent, and till it is “set,” the makers must go cautiously. Steel shows a like eccentricity in the making of test-gauges. Some of the measurements of shells are very fine, and the instruments employed are sb delicate that they have to be usecl quickly, lest the heat of the hand causes the metal to expand. Now. when a groove is cut in a piece of steel which is to be used as a test-gauge, the work is laid aside for weeks, perhaps months. Why not finish it at once? Because the groove, though dead true when cut out, may be otherwise in a short time, even though it has been absolutely un- touched. Alto'gether, the shell is subjectedtc about forty inspections, and may be rejected at any stage. After a shell has survived this or- deal it ought to be, one would think, perfect; but a test shell is taken from every 120, and actually fired from a gun into a bank of sand. It; is then again examined, and if the contour about the powder is expanded, away goes the whole batch, because if they were fired the grooving might be torn out of the gun. Perhaps the most striking illustra- tion of the minute care exercised in projectile making is that every shell is weighed over and over again. If you produce an eighteenâ€"pounde: high-explosive shell, it must be only a few drachms over or under its non ma! weight; otherwise it is rejected. A good story is told of a certain: colonel in connection with an inspec- tion of a crack rifle corps which he commanded. The inspection passed off satisfactorily; there were no com- plaints, and the regiment was evi- dently in good order. “But,” said Um inspecting general, "'1 am bound t1 tell you, colonel, that rumors haw reached me of gambling being carried on extensively among your officers.“ “That may have Been the case, sir,’ "That may have be-n the case, s1r,’ said the.colonel, “so ne month; ago; bu't'I can aswro :ccu that nothing 0 the kind is in vogue now, because I'm won all the yearly money in the regi ment," and] wow! not allow an; gambling on credit.” Crack Rifle Shot.