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bps, but. good, hard. xcs, clerks, etc.’1he Fre feeding hundreds ry day y. How long L this I cannot say are crowded with e on: of Colo- finding the Eastern 9 Montreal Witness ‘er hats which will {s to realize the con- 18 only a sample of states} at. the present e meclPal supply ininmg catnps in the . lagge quantity of minmg machinery, Lver to New Mexico, oming- Denver has :ceptionally prosper- to than the West. i the state is suffer- } ; over 1,500 miners jille alone during the e hundreds of others- {ent in the different onghont the State. is week, the State 'nto the mountains of 107 locations of 11 California Gulch three were in use. d have tied up a is has added largely situation, it is con- ost of the suspend- payment, but when is a question just abont fife flay for jumped on to Light- insensxbility with a e back part of the Last evening about men moved towardé {and howling “Hang By reached the jail less than 8,000 peo- leaders made a dc. he jailor refused, and lard the attack upon 1 The attack was p three separzfte en- (1 there is nothing salary, so the boss I tried to convince 1y Wrong, but 'he The Denver Hard- ment. this morning. ace of design in na- Iet. forth than among fife, which in their “89; Plant animalâ€" its prevxous to _the want. of this the de- m. most keenly. The .Iorado is attributed silver. The action bent in closing the re coinage of silver, iisasarous effect upon mindnstries. Silver 'happened here last that. is called in this {less kind of humor a lontaming the mar- ad out taken over La Fe avenue, and 1 and also riddled rers. The body hung tes while the crowd- Ieath it. The lynch- mal and with ashout ging the Italian’s and accompanied by reached 17th and y again hoisted the Lph pole. At this rare allowed to pdy and the party as in a. disturbed ‘the'excitement was hatter at the present b. there are so many the streets who are ,at any moment, all bder and you can l 15 minutes. The ‘2 welfare of Denver lie proceeding. Of fitter tor a city of lave lawlessness so tntly powerless to performance, how- {he unsettled condi- °§Sibly form a con- Ie animals and the y of these plants we naming intelligence me apimals, and so 1 closed a large tu- me demand for sup- d, and orders placed §ix national and four heir doors, demands tie upon merchants, fleet, and they were znments or be cloeed a! the temper of the On Tuesday evening Ln named Ligbtfoot, , a war veteran and enver, went into an an]: a glass of beer ; .ween the proprietor it. ; mechanics, hours most deplorable con- created. The side. street; are crowded unemployed after the tmpiqver’s business railway ion for bat- »ammers and picks ue guards in charge tream of water from wickets of the inner ; constant-1y on the yet. this appeared to the men and make greater energy. It Ebattering to effects | finally gave way, a a thousand men pside. The same in breaking down LYNCHED. xpenses ; :mr. mscmmzn. 'd h‘lessncss. 103 in Plants- ness in this city THEWBEK’S NEWS. u â€"â€" ~v- _â€"7‘ It is announced in London that the Que- bec Central railway is issuing one hundred thfmsand pounds worth of five per cent. Prxor lien bonds. The empioyes of the Manitoba. and North- Western Railway Company have struck for Payment. of back wages, and consequently We road is tied up. There are several more parties of Dr. Bamardo’s boys coming to Canada this sea.- son. A party of two hundred boys left, En gland-last week. fir. George Spotswood, of Kingston, Ont., has shipped trom that city to Chicago a sample of pure galena. ,_ from Frontenac lead mine that weighs 214 lbs. The Dominion line steamship Sarnia. is reported to have been passed on the 7th inst. about five hundred miles east of New- foundland with her machinery disabled. Alfred Ormaby, a car repairer, was crushed while coupling cars at Allandale on Friday, and died of his injuries at the Toronto General hospital in the evening. Mr. Robert Turner attempted to get on a. moving train at the Foresters’ picnic at Onllia on Monday, and fell under a. car, one of his legs being cut ofl‘ just above the Valeria Edwards, ten years of age, while driving with her father at Hamilton, Ont” on Sunday evening, received a. kick from the horse which fractured the back of her head. She died at the hospital. Michael Tierney was struck on the head by the broken end of a boom in Vermillion river, at Palmer Rapids,0nt., the other day, receiving injuries from which he died short- ly afterwards. Others were injured also. The mill owners of the Chaudiere have refused to accede to the request of the bands, who recently petitioned for a cnange from eleven to ten hours a. day. Ow1ng_ to the advanced period of the season a atrzke is unlikely. The Canadian Government has extended a. further invitatlon to English tenant farm- ers to visit this country and examine into the condition of agriculture, Sir Charles Tapper is now selecting twelve represen ta- tive men. Thecompetition forthe Sir John Macdonald memorial for Montreal was won by Mr. Geo. E. Wade, of Lomion, Er‘xg.‘ The price rs ,EILL_ Ivâ€"‘v’ ‘â€" ____ §0,000. Twenty-five'sculiitors entered the competition. Foreign and local experts were consulted before the final decision. BRITISH. The Queen is reported to be in excellent health. On the trial trip of the Lucania. the new Cunard steamship, a speed was registered of twenty-five and half miles an hour. A train on the Tafi' Vale railway, en route to Curdifi', Wales, ran off the track on Saturday, causing the death of seventeen persons. Another death from cholera has occurred at Grixnsby, England. Two deaths are re- ported irom New York at the Swinburne Island hospital. The shipping tonnage of the port of Lon- don has declined 160,000 tons annually. This result. is said to be owing to the great. dock strike of five years ago. The appointment of the Duke of Con- nanght to succeed General Sir Evelyn Wood in the command of the Ald-ershot district is officially announced from London. The British steamer Ardongorm, Capt. Kinley, from Norfolk, before reported ashore at Carrock Head, in the Clyde, has been floated. Her fore compartment is full of water. Three women have recently been myster- iously murdered in the suburbs of London. In each case the victim was stabbed with a. knife. It is feared that J ack-tbe-Ripper is at his work again. Bombay, India, was on Friday the scene of fatal religious riots between Mahometans and Hindoos. Many persons have been killed. The military were called out, and fired upon a. mob of rioters. A special cable despatch from London says that Great Britain was on \Vednes- day night visited by terrible rain and thunderstorms, which did an immense amount of damage throughout the country. The Allan Steamship Company has won an action for libel and been awarded two hundred pounds against the London Fire- men’s Union, which charged the Allens with oppressing the men in their employ, and also that they employed incompetent The Behring Sea. Tribunal of Arbitration at Paris made have their decision public. Briefly stated, the five points. in regard to jurisdiction are settled in favour of Great Britain. A protected zone of sixty miles around the islands is; established, and a close season from May 1 to July 31 is ordered. The decision, it is thought makes the United States liable for damages for the seizure of British and Canadian vessels. The battleship Triumph, the port guard? ship at Queenstown, flying the flag of Rear Admiral St. John, arrived at Portsmouth, England on Saturday from Malta, having on board most of the survivors of the Vic- toria, the flagship of the British Mediterâ€" ranean squadron, which was recently sunk in collision with the warship Camperdown, ofi' Tripoli, Syria. The Triumph was des- patched to Malta shortly after the disaster for the purpose of conveying the survivors to England. Destmctive fires are ragin in Wise ‘ and Michigan. The town ig>f Matchgfrzg has been destroyed. Several mills, in different parts of the States, which have been closed down for some time, are resuming opmfiions. Yellow fever has made its appearance in Brunswick, Georgia, a. fatal case having al- ready been reported. Th‘e Coatsworth grain elevator,'the second largest in Buffalo, was burned yesterday with about 8,000 bashels of wheat. h UNITED STATES. A great Masonic congress, including dele- gates from all parts of. the Unitgd States and Canada, is in session at Chicago. A special from Omaha, Neb., states that the body of Captain Russell, late of the British armv. has been found in _the Miss- British army, his been found in n 0111'1 rlver. Foul play is suspected. ‘ ' 7 € te A fire occurred yesterday .11 the Sena. . hotel, Chicago, and eight persons 1133b Sign lives by jumping from wxndows 01‘ Y mg suffocated. While temporarily deranged Mrs. Mon- rad Fix, 74 years of age, of Monroe, Mich.‘, cured kerosene over her clothing and set re to it. She was terribly burned and died shortly after being found. GENERAL. Yellow fever is epidemic in Honduras. The Italian Adriatic coast has been visit- ed bv a. severe earthquake. It is expected that many liVes have been lost. M. Lockroy, an ex-Cabinet Minister, was on Sunday shot at and wounded in Paris by a. desperate Socialist named Moore. News has been received from Ecuador that the Government has suspended the payment of interest on the foreign debt. The Spanish Government has authorized the floating of a new loan of $6,000,000, to be used in paying off the floating debt of Cuba. The French steamer Octeville was sunk on Friday m a. collision with the French transport Drome. Five persons were drowued. ’ A cloudburst in Hungary on Sunday re- sulted in the drowning of 50 people and the destruction of one hundred houses and several bridges. A special. cable despatch from Odessa states that there has been a. great increase in crime in Russia. There were 2,401 murders last year. {[‘he difficelty bet ween the Khedive of Egypt and Riaz Pasha, his Prime Minister, has been satisfactorily settled and the Min- isterial crisis is over. The Russian Government has decreed a. severe code of punishment against duelling, which, it is thought, has become too com- mon in the Czar’s domains. The floods in Austrian Galicia have done damage to the extent. of many millions of florins. At Ryemanow sixty persons are reported to have been drowned. There is a great scarcity of small silver in Italy owing to the rise in the rate of ex- change. Some firms are issuing tokens which are generally accepted, while others use lira. notes and postage stamps. According to a. report by the French Min- ister of Finance, 148,808 families in France have claimed exemption from certain taxes recently voted by the Parliament on account of having seven or more children. It has been decided by the Leipsic Imper- ial Court of Justice that newspaper pro- prietors who give false statements as to the circulation of their journals shall be liable to the penalties attaching to fraud. -o- -â€"v v .._. ' ‘1 "‘ ' ' _ cent. in the duties. The final decision in the matter may, however, be reserved until the United States Government determines what action it will take in regard to silver. The Merchant Navy in Queen 3053’ Time The International Socialist Congress at Zurich closed its sittings on Saturday. Res olubions were adopted in favour of legis. Iative protection for women. and girls, a. ten hours’ labor day, concerted international action on trades questions, and universal suffrage. It is announced that the Government of Spain intends to order that payment of Customs duties be made in gold. This will be equivalent to an incfeaee 1of ‘20 per When Elizabeth came to the throne the whole merchant navy of England engaged in lawful commerce amounted to no more than 50,000 tons. You may see more now passing every day through the Gulf-Stream. In the service of the Crown there were but seven revenue cruisers in commission, the largest 120 tons, with eight merchant brigs altered for fighting. In harbour there were still a score of large ships, but they were dismantled and rotting; or artillery fit for sea work there was none. The men were not to be had, and, as Sir William Cecil said, to fit our ships without men was to set armour on stakes on the sea shore. The mariners of England were otherwise engag- 1 ed, and in a way which did not please Cecil. He was the ablest Minister that Elizabeth had. He saw at once that on the navy the prosperityand even the liberty of England must eventually depend. 1: magnum: “in: in remain Protestant it VA “u “a...“ ---_~ If England wésV to remain P-rotestant it was not by articles of religion or acts of uniformity yhap slge could be saved without “H‘. .L- __,_ ALV ...... :ufleet atJtim‘éfirbarck of them. But 'he was old-fashionedfl H9 ‘believefi in law and VA“ Luv... 'â€" order, and he has left a. curious paper of re- flections on the sxtuation. The ships’ com- panies in Henry VIII. ’3 days were recruited from the fishing smacks, but the Reforma- tion itself had destroyed the fishing trade. In old times, Cecil said: no flesh was vluuvo A“ v-.. ‘___-‘ eaten on fish days. The King himself could not have license. Now to eat beef or mutton on fish days was the test of a true believer. v I-v'v-u The English Iceland fishery used to sup- ply Normandy and Brittany as well as Eng- land. Now it had passed to the French. The Chester men used to fish the Irish sees. Now they had left them to the Scots. The fishermen had taken to privateering, be- cause the fasts of the Church were neglect- ed. He saw it was so. He recorded his vu. My ~â€" own opinion that piracy, as he called it, was detestable and could not last. He was to find that it could last, that it was to form the special disc1pline of the generation whose business would be to fight the Spaniards. But he struggled hard against the unwelcome conclusion. He tried to re- vive lawful trade by 9. Navigation Act. He tried to restore the fisheries by Act of Par- liament. ..I-Inovu -- Cecil introduced a. bill recommendingl godly abstinence as a means to virtue,‘ making the eating of meat on Fridays and Saturdays :3. misdemeanour, and adding Wednesday as a. half fish day. The House of Commons laughed at him as bringing back Popish mummeries. To please the Protestants he inserted a clause'that the statute was politically meant for the in- crease of fishermen and mariners, not for any superstition in the choice of meats; but it was no use. The act was called in mockery “ Cecil’s fast,” and the recovery of the fisheries had to wait till the natural in- clination of human stomachs for fresh Whit- ing and salt cod should revxve of itself.â€" [Froude in Longman’s Magazine. France’s New Minister to Englandâ€"[us Diplomatic History. In the last days of the secOnd empire a young Parisian barrister, who had read in chambers with the well-known Maltre Rousse, occupied amodest lodging on the Quai Voltaire, and scraped along as best he might with the aid of a few pupils and still fewer briefs. Then came the 4th of Sep- tember, and, abandoning jurisprudence for politics, the struggling advocate cast in his lot with M. Thiers, served on that states- man’s electoral committees, and, as a re- ward, was attached to M. Tachard’s mission to Brussels. The mediocrity of his chief gave the bud- ding diplomatist a chance. M. Decrais, for it is of him we speak, was not slow in using for the benefit of the Government of Nation- al Defense the information that flowed into the Belgian capital as to the progress of military events. In this way his natural gifts helped him not a little. Engaging, persuasive and supple, with a. sympathetic voice and distinguished manners, he had but to show himself in order to win instant appreciation. 1871 the armisnice left M. ‘ Thiers master of the situation, and his first i care was to appoint prefects who might by their influence counteract the policy of “the raving lunatic,” as he styled Gambetta. 1 Though but just 32, M. Decrais was intrust- ed with the administration of Indre-et- Loire, the department that had been the headquarters of the Provisional Government and he remained at Tours four years without attracting attention. After his patron’s fall he pursued the even tenor of his way, passing from Tours to Nice, and from Nice to Bordeaux. He resigned dur- ing the elections of 1877, but speedily re- sumed his functions until he was called tw0 years later to the Council of State. His rep- utation then was that of an intelligent but easy-going official, tree from all exaggerat- ed zeal. He got through business well enough, but‘ he never went out of his way to find it. So large and so rapid a measure of success did not, however, appear to satisfy the ambition of M. Decrais, whose leaning was rather towards a diplomatic than an admin- istrative career. When, in 1880, the post of French Minister at Brussels became va: cant, be applied for it, and his application met- with a favorable reception. The POSi' tion is generally regarded. in the FreDCh service, as it is in its own, as the stepping- stone to an important. embassy; and this fact, no doubt, was not without weight in M. Decrais’ favor before he urged his suit. He made himself very popular at the Bel- gian Court, and general regret was felt on his being recalled the following year by M. Freycinct’s Cabinet to assume the political direction of the Foreign Office. At the Quai d’Orsay he was decidedly out of place. He had neither the experience nor the tem- perament for a task which calls for a pro- found knowledge of the European chess- board and affords little scope for adventure or improvisation. Coming after two such predecessors as M. Deprez and M. de Gour- cel, he proved a comparative failure. Pos- sibly he Was conscious of his shortcomings. Perhaps he merely accepted the office in order to further his ulterior views. In any case, when the Marquis de Noailles in 1882 definitely resigned the embassy at Rome, M. Decrais was appointed his suc- cessor. His relations with the Quirinal. ‘ if per- sonally smooth enough. can hardly have been as pleasant as his early Belgian exper- iences. The expedition of Gen. Logerot and the establishment of the Freneh pro- tectorate in Tunis had not unnaturally aroused Italian suspicions and given good grounds for charges of broken faith. For a representative of France no course remain- ed possible except to‘ turn a deaf ear to provocations, and to hold his own firmly, but without exasperating his susceptible host. M. Decrais managed to steer a safe course; and he warned his Government of the fatal attraction that must bring Italy and Germany closer and closer together in spite of any diplomatic interference. But he was not destined to take a personal in- terest in the further development of these events ; for in 1886 the retirement of Count Foucher de Careil involved his promotion to Vienna. This transference, welcome as it probably was, did not quite mean the substitution of a bed of roses for a path of thorns. With Austria there existed, it is true, no immediate and pressing source of misunderstanding, but .the limits within . “‘7 “V -...-..-w-___, . - misunderstanding, but the limits within which friendship could be cultivated were strictly circumscribed. The two Kaisers had already concluded a compact, binding their two countries to concerted action if Russia should violate the treaty of Berlin or support France in an attack on Germany. These terms, therefore, did not directly menace the republic, but got at her only through Russia, and so left a. margin with- ---AHLdr-Ann tnmnnr tnrougu nunaia, auu nu Av... .. “""D‘" H V in which the tact and conciliatory temper of a skillful emissary might be exercised with advantage. M. Decrais is admitted on all hands to have done everything that could be expected of him. He contrived to win the respect and even the sympathy of the Emperor Francis Joseph and his ad- visers, and he is credited, moreover, withl having impressed on the triple alliance its- purely defensive character. 1 In the somewhat severely aristocratic soâ€" l ciety of Vienna, the Republican Envoy ‘ made himself a place, and his wife, a very agreeable and attractive lady, was equally well received. Their receptions were bril- liant and successful, and their departure leaves a momentary gap in the circle where Sir Augustus and Lady Paget are so pain- fully missed. M. Decrais, when he appears a week hence at Albert-gate, will no longer be the slim and smart gentleman who made such a marked impression in Brussels and Rome, and even in Vienna during the earlier days of his sojourn. His frock coat has of late years been let out a little about the waist and his fair hair and beard are begin- ning to show streaks of silver. He is said, indeed, to 100}; like an understudy of M. thL:__ A‘. nnâ€"bndn our! lnuccu, vv Avvâ€" -77, Constans, with the addition of a. certain air of solemnity not possessed by his fortuitiou prototype. Enthusiasm 15 not part of his stock-in-trade, and he brings little of is across the Chaninel. He was in all probab- ility selected w t_h a. view merely to soften- ing down asperitles produced 'by M. Mille- voye’s sham-revelations, and by the com- ments of a. certein section of the French ,LL 1.-- LL‘L Li... Ell-‘fiIVA U a Dun-u. .. . -__. V ments of a certain section of the French press. It was thought, too, that his suave and propitiatory methods might have the way to a. better understanding as regards Egypt. The difficulties that have since cropped up 1n Slam will make a. further call upon his talents as a. go-between, though the issues will really be fought out bv Lord EMBARSAWR BECRAIS. Dufierin and M. Develle in Paris. His countrymen do not look for great thing from M. Decrais, whose functions are under stood to be rather decorative than operative but the fact of his appointment must be taken 9.3 indicating a. desire to preserve a. modus vivendi between the two nations. The youngest trunk railway in Great Britain, the Midland, has been noted as a pioneer in introducing arrangements for the 1 safety, comfort and convenience of the tra- l veiling public. Some twenty years ago it I began this plan by contracting for Pullman drawing-room, sleeping and dining cars, which have been in use ever since. It has recently added many little conveniences for its third-class passengers, who form a. very profitable part of the trafiic of any British line, and now adds stillanother inducement 1 in the shape of a third-class dining car, or 1 ‘ rather a dining car having seats for thirty third and twelve first-class passengers. The tables are arranged along each side as in our dining cars and are separated by an aisle about :2 feet wide. The first-class kitchen has a. gas range, while the third-class con- tains merely a warming stove. At one end of the car is a smoking room and men’s lav- atory. At present these cars will be used on trains made up With the usual British type of compartment cars, and access to the diners can only be obtained at a few sta- tions where stops are made. The use of the Brooklyn bridge by the res1dents of New York and Brooklyn in the decade since it‘ was opened has far surpass- ea all the calculations of engineers and others in advance of the completion of the structure. The wisdom of the men who Widened the bridge, so that room was af- forded on the roadways for teams to pass each other and one slowmoving load could not set the pace for all the traffic, has been amply vindicated, and the policy that rais- ed the height of the trusses so that cars of standard size could be used, instead of the squatty ones it was first proposed to run, has also been shown to be wise. The grip in use upon the bridge cars has been shown by the success attending its constant em- ployment to be admirably adapted for the use to which it is put, the life of a cable being much more protracted than if the grip used with ordinary surface cable cars were employed. The system ot switching cars at the terminals has proved successful for a far greater traffic than it was expected ‘ it would be called upon to handle. In the : ten years the receipts of the bridge from all sources have been about $10,000,000,accord- ing to the figures furnished the New York Post, and this sum has been nearly equally divided for maintenances and improvements The original cost of the structure was $15,- 000,000 and the total cost up to the present time about $20,000,000. There have been about 280,000,000 passengers carried in the cars since the railway was put in operation, the number increasing from 8,000,000 in 1884 to over 40,000,000 last year. At first . the car fare was 5c, but was reduced to 30 a. few years ago. Foot passengers were originally charged 1c and later one-fifth of acent, but in 1891 the promenade was made free. The earnings from carriage tolls, now only one half as high as formerly, are about $80,000 a year. The. canal across the Isthmus of Corinth, which is now practically completed, is one of those great undertakings first begun by the Roman emperors. Like the removal of the obstructions at the Iron Gate on the Danube, first begun by the Emperor Trajan and now being pushed to completion by the Austrian-Hungarian Government, the Cor- inth Canal, first begun by the Emperor Nero, has dragged along a course as peace- ful and slow as that of a claim against the Government. From oficial figures it ap- pears that this canal is about 3. 9 miles long and hasa minimum width at the bottom of 69 feet. It does not cross the isthmus at the narrowest or lowest place, but along a line so chosen that the surface dra inage into the cut is the least possible. The average width at the top of the cut is 2131 feet, and its greatest depth is about 260 feet. The depth of water is 26 feet or more l at all places. The canal was dug through blue marl principally, but in some places there was some rock encountered. When work was first begun the sides were left nearly vertical in many places, but it was found that there was danger oi caving or sliding, and the increased expense to slope the sides proved too much for the company. Additional capital was secured, another company formed, and the work of widening has now been completed. A wall runs along each side of the canal for practically its entire length. Long break-waters at each entrance keep the months from silt- ing up and protect the vessels entering the canal. There will be two large electric lights at each end and numerous small ones along its banks. It is proposed to lay a railway along each of the banks and run light locomotives on them for the purpose of towing the vessels. 'What is called a “corridor” train has been introduced in Great, Britain. It bears some resemblance to the American vestibul- ed train. and is said to combine the best features of the British and American sys- tems. Instead of the_central aisle, usual in American. trains, and on some continen- tallin’cs, a corridor runs throughout the train on the left or plat-form side of the carriages. The space not occupied by the corridor is devoted to compartments, con- structed for four passengers, fitted in the usual English fashion, but shut off from the corridor, and each provided with a. door opening on the corridor. The continuity of the corridor is eflected by an admirable arrangement between the carriages, con- sisting of a. weather~proof gangway of stout _ u. - 1-, ,,ALL-L cLL-J L- ULOV-nâ€"b -_ v and flexible indie-rubber: fitted to metal collapsible frames, by which an un- impeded transit may be made from one end of the train to the other. Thus, says the Saturday Review, the traveller by the “corridor” train is secure of his comfort in the carriage, according to English ‘ ideas, and commands the advantage of free circulation through the train, with know- ledge that the right of way cannot lead to any infringement of his own right to the seclusion of his carriage. He is in the position of the man who is free to stay in his room or walk out into the street. There are openings at the ends of the cars as in America, and openings at the side as in Great Britain. The American conven- ‘ ience of dining cars has also been introduced, for third-class as well as for first-class pas- 301188178. Engineering News. A ‘Corrl dor” Train. A new material is proposed as a. substitute for leather. It is called “ flexus fibre,” and is derived from flax, suitably prepared and oiled. It has the same appearance as leather, is particularly supple, and takes a polish equally Well with the best kinds «f calf. The material is said to possess grc t tenacity, while affording great ease and comfort to the foot when made into shoes. Flexus fibre, being of vegetable origin, is calculated also to facilitate free ventilation. and thereby to obviate the discomfort aris- ing from what is called “ drawing” the feet. A USEFUL IMPLEMENT I}? SQUADROX WORK. Prince Louis of Battenberg. Naval Ad- viser to the Inspector General of Fortifica- tion in England, has invested a useful little implement for facilitating calculation, and .. hence saving time. It will mutually convert speed, time and distance, both for single ships and for two ships working in concert. It also contains in a. handy form, scales of British and metric linear measurement. There are three scales on the face. In the center is a time scale marked in hours. Above and below this are two revolving distance scales, giving the distance in gnautical miles run for every three hours at all practical sea speeds. The upper one is- marked from five to twelve knots, inclusive. Directions are given : To find how soon after starting a slower ship will be over- taken by a faster one, both speeds being given ; to find what speed a ship must go to overtake a slower one within a given time ; to find how long a ship can remain behind and yet overtake a slower ship within a given time. The problems are not solved. with mathematical accuracy, but sufiicient- 1y for the practical purposes of squadron work, when a. ship may be left behind to follow up with dispatches. Using only one distance scale, the observer is told how to find the distance which will be run in a. given time at a given speed, to find the time required to run a given distance at a given speed, and to find the speed required to run a given distance in a given time. These last problems can easily be worked out with a. pencil. TEE DESTRUCTION OF MlCRO-ORGANISMS. One of the simplest ways in which micro- organisms can be removed from water is by the addition of alum. Experiment prove: that the addition of one-half a grain of alum to a gallon of water reduces the number of microbes by 99 per cent. It is found that in all cases after agitating water to which a small amount of alum has been added an , absolutely sterile liquid is obtained, though ‘ as many as 1200 microbes originally existed ‘0 WWH-JKDIJz-rwv in a cubic centimeter (.06 cubic inch). Scott Moncriefi', who has been engaged in chemical and bacteriological investigations in England, especially in connection with a system of purifying sewage, has discovered that certain classes of micro-organisms ful- fil a most valuable mission in nature’s lab- oratory. In point of fact the disappearance of the organic matters, in the process of purifying sewage, is due to the action of such micro-organisms. These organisms have been identified and classified, and there is no longer any reason to doubt that they are in reality “ nature’s scavengers.” They have long been known tobacteriologists as ”-151 v .v-.- ~--_ non-pathogenic, or harmless bacteria: but it was little suspected that they could carry on the vast and beneficient work of which they are capable when cultivated un let proper conditions. It was reserved for these apparently insignificant organisms to accom- plish what has hitherto bafi‘led the most elaborate principles of chemistry and me- chanics. HOW THE SHARKS AND cooss UNITED A California Indian Talc Unearthed a Skeleton. ' A few days ago, says the San Francisco Chronicle, some men opening the quarry of Contractors Flynn Sullivan at the San Clemento station, near the Reed ranch, dug out an Indian mound. About five feet be- neath the surface they disinterred a skele- ton in good preservation, which was pro- nounced by Dr. Windele, one of the party, to be the remains of an Indian woman. An almost forgotten bit of ancient history is revived by this incident. “ ‘ ‘ AI , l:LL:â€"L:An ” mn-unrnn find it! L'UVLVCu VJ VLIAU .--v-_â€"_-- Early in the “thirties ” Tiburon and its neighborhood was the abifling place of a. tribe of California. Indians who were known as the Shark Indians, because of their habit of ornamenting themselves with the teeth of the sharks caught off Tiburon, itself translated meaning shark. Raccoon Straits was then infested by those ferocious mon- sters, and on the present site of El Campo was another Indian tribe, the Coon Indians, whose head piece was the skin of the coons. The numerous Indian mounds found in these localities indicate that their popula- tions were unusually large. .1 r‘____ _ ULvuu u v-v __.___ Between theâ€"VSHarksvand the Coons a. bitter feud existed, which led to frequent battles, in which the Sharks were alums: alwaye victorious. A _ :L 1.. _Am Iran‘s-7n IWGJG ‘Ivv‘l-O‘lâ€"uw' Kirkshaws Island, or, as it is now known, Belvedere, was the favorite battleground. 0n the northern end of the Island one may pick up a. dozen flint arrow heads in an afternoon, and at the beginning of the ris- ing ground from the mesa that stretches to the bay is an immense mound, perhaps the largest in California. An aged half-breed now employed on the Reed ranch is authority for the legend that through the instrumentality of a clever squaw of th Sharks, the warring tribes were finally re- conciled and became fast friends. She was, according to the Indian idea of loveliness, by far the most beautiful woman in north- ern California, and she permitted herself to be captured by a young chief of the Coons while fishing in her canoe in the straits. He led her in triumph to his wickiup, but the beauty was obdurate, and declared that tunless he made overtures of peace and alli- ance to her people, the Sharks, 3hr]. would never be his bride. A _ , - . ‘ ‘ DGVCI' U1: um ul Luv. ; The love smitten chief obeyed and a. union was the result, which so strengthened these tribes that when the Sonoma. Indium! came down to Tiburon for a. little fighting and sea. bathing they were promptly whipped back to their valley by the Coon-Shark com. bination. When the wise woman died, full of years and honors, she was buried as San Clemente and this mound erected to he: memory. Truth is like a clear mirror. which, it is not cracked or tampered with, gives? true image; but when it is, distorts an gives a. wrong expression to the object :9 ‘35} flected. ' L ' w _. \‘mâ€" '.' A SUBSTITUTE FUR LEATHER. $013 ‘6‘} AND IS 011.313.; (- with