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: by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) 'ATOES are sprayed to pre- went such fungus disease as Barly Blight and Late Blight and Rot. These diseases are caused by plants known as fungi Those fungi which derive their dshmenit from living plants them in so doing in various and thus give rise to what are wn as fungus diseases. In combating the great majority of fungus diseases methods of preven: tion only are practicable. Spraying potatoes is not done to cure but to prevent disease. In other words the object of spraying Is to cover the sur- of the leaves and stems with a =a tance, poisonous to ths spores of |fungi, In which they cannot grow, and penetrate the plant. Spraying, therefore, in order to be effective, must be timely and thorough. The spray En must be on the plants before the s) s reach them and the surface of the'leaves and stems must be covered so completely that thers is not the smallest space on which a | nora Aehit "EPTaying of potatees de: pends: 1. Upon the use of the proper fungicide. Bordeaux mixture has so far proved to be the only satisfactory spray mixture for potato diseases, 2. Upon timely and repeated Spraying. Spraying should be com menced when the plants are from six to eight inches high and repeated at intervals of from a week to ten days throughout the growing season From three to seven applications will be required, the number depend ing upon the weather, the wetter the weather the more frequent the Spraying. 3. Upon the liberal use of Bor deatix mixture. From 50 to 150 gal- lons of Bordeaux mixture should be used per acre at each applieation. 4. Upon thorough spraying, which means the covering of every portion of the plant with the Bordeaux mix- ture in the form of a fine mist, This {can be done only when the solution {is applied with good pressure 80 a8 to ipsure covering every portion of the plant. The best results from 'spraying are obtained when potato sprayers are used which are fitted with T-joint attachments, so as to insure covering both surfaces of the leaves at each spraying. Bp. Upon spraying beforé rather than after prolonged rainy periods. Infection of the plants takes place during or soon after rain. Therefore it 1s of the utmost importance to have the spray mixture on the plants when the rain comes, -- Prof, J, B Howett, Ontario Agricultural Col« lege. The Importance of Women's Institute Meetings. wi, A series of meetings which, to the women of rural Ontario, have always proved worth while, and inereasing- ly so the last year or two, is the Women's Institute meetings. These are important because they are so far-reaching in their nature. They afford the town and country woman, no matter what her denomination may be, a channel through which she can be of all-round service to hu- manity. _ Since the war began Red Cross land other patriotic work has, of course, received first consideration. The alleviation of suffering seems peculiarly woman's work. The need is greater to-day than ever. The great demand by 'the Alltes for certain foods such a beef, pork, wheat and sugar has caused the housewife to change her methods of pre-war days. She must now learn to substitute and to eliminate var- jous forms of . waste. Perishable foods must be more widely used, not only in summer, but also in winter, These must be conserved. through proper storage, canning or drying. Such subjects as these may be dis cussed at the meetings. An expert demonstrator may be secured from the Department to give information or a practical démonstration to assist the housewife. The members may elrb together and do their canning at one eentre with ope fire if they 80 choose, and in additien to the work accomplished may have a 80- ciable time together. The children in the rural.districts must not be forgotten. They must be prepared for the great responsi- "bilities which are too soon to fall upon them, Their education must mot be neglected. They must not be handicapped by physical imperfec- tions. Subjects of importance to the child must be discussed and means adopted to improve conditions. The Medical Inspection eof rural schools and the clinics held through the Wo- men's Institute are doing much to . |tmprove conditions. The girls algo need attention. We are apt to forget the girls in our anxiety for the boys. Their lives and their prospects for the future are be- ing affected by this war. Hence op- portunities for study, for amusement, for developing their talents to the ful), must be afforded them. Many lof these opportunities may be secur- ed through the Institute. - Surely with subjects of such vital importance as the above-mentioned, lall meetings should be worth while. We would call the attention of all the Institutes, and is a spe- sub~ ROTA SOCIOIIK rd oR § H es, er SIE YT SF nd Pa rd rd F ¥ A > {ad Sd PUA f v4 RFI) » 1 ; 8 wv v a, 4.4 dnd Palla} {A 62h EN Ontario. RUTHER ya." La PEOPLE OF ONTARIO are accustomed oo wet nk cept their food much the samt as they breathe the air They read isolated items about food shortage, but such a thing as this affecting thelr own dinner table never euters their mind, and it is the responsibility of The Observer to bring home to its readers a realization of the facts, as wi: less something is done, in another year, they will not Ls reading about the hunger in Belgium but the hunger in The following should be memorized by every reader of Tae OBSERVER. Under the Presidency of Mr. J. W. Woods, a Coufef- ence of all interested in food production was held in To. ronto on Monday, May 7, AA RN SR RAT REAR 5 SS BS 70 AID THER WEN British Women Disregard Former High Social Positions. Female Populatien May Be Found Any Place Doing Such Work as Will Help the Cause. "By Jove, I never felt more like an uss in my life, old chap." It was an old British colonel speaking. He had fust returned from a government mis sion to the colonies, and seated before ® great open fire of his London club, he was relating to a crony some of his experiences while away, "H was while I was in Sidney. Knew a chap out there and thought I'd drop in on him, Walked up to the house and i § E 5 g 1 E men who have given thelr all for Bri- tannla. 'There's Lady Evelyn King, cldest daughter of the earl and count- ess of Lovelace, who Is a housemaid at a Weymouth hospital. She was o debutante § a few years ago and nt the time she was presented to King George sho was expected to become one of the leaders of London society. She is tall, with dark brown halr and eyes of the same hue, and Is consid- ered ene of {he most beautiful women in London. When war was declared she was rapidly fulfilling the predic tons made for her popularity at the time of ber coming out. But now she 18 a servant in one of the many hos pitals in England. PRICES DURING ClviL WAR Sugar $88 a Barrel, Rice $31.38 a Bar: - rel, Tobacoe, Tea and Coffes Much Higher Than Now. High as prices are, it may be some tinique, except in a few minor details. Others may hot have developed stfch osculatory habits, but many an officer has come back from the front and found his women folk working as do- mestics in London. The pretty young woman one sees polishing the wood- tess or the daughter of a miilionalré wine merchant. There's no teliing e was my own niece." And don't think for a minute that the old I's exp was | lation to kmow that they are still below the Civil war recerds: Sugar then sold for $58 a barrel, rice at $31.88 a baiTel, tobaceo at mere than double thé present price, and tea at | over $100 for a 25-pound chest as ed with the pi price of about $20. Coffee was then four times as high as it 1s at present, says Les- lie's. : If the difficulty In getting hold of | us. Please don't put her name down." | month rolls around snd Uncle Sam {tt use ol certain foous, It will have accomplished some good. While complaining of food scarelty, it is well for our people to know how little food others haye. The German ration contains 41 of & pound of body building proteln as compéited with 1.08 in the standard ration. The Ger- man ration is not sufficient to main- tain bodily health and vigor, but the civil population in the occupied dis tricts of France and Belgium have to exist on even less than this. & ud Funds for Liza Jane. A long row of husbands sat in mess hall end a sergeant was on the other side of the table with papérs fn tront of him from which he from time to time read extracts, recites the New York Times. 4 "Are you married?' a "T was married, but I ain't sow." "Wife dead?" ? "No, she ain't dead, but we had #& mutual separation." "Any divorce?" : "No, sir, I could not pay for & d&i- vorce, but it is all busted up 'tween Her name (id go down, and Liza Jane will be astonished when the next hands her out $15, with a Httle memos randum to the effect that this is an allotment from her husband, apd a Ui: tle extra thrown in to help he al the children, if she has any." That {8 not all. If he ies In battle, she get¥ $4,500, or possibly more. © ! Hevisea to Dates or 3 sugal k Ameri people reals | ize Ea on he ar, ee Inspires ta | Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a 4 tb us ar 3 Bo Where Kaigers rule and © tarts. with "KX