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\ ~ a A -- . LITERARY, COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL FAMILY NEWSPAPER DOLLAR A YEAR IN ADVANCE] "LOYAL TO OUR QUEEN AND COUNTRY." [TWO DOLLARS AT THE END OF THE YEAR VOL ¥, No. Li PRINCE ALBERT, COUNTY OF ONTARIO. €. W. THURSDAY. DECEMBER 19, ISGL. [WHOLE No. 208 IT Ya =e ee errr - = mp. : = ese ------ EE : The ORAric Gusecuey, Low, Ohuscery & Conveyancing] Poetrm. | wou mb Hy write haw 4 mugen re town Nov) SECCHANICS' RUBIICULe, rings ws pr i * EVERY THURSDAY MORNING, --pY-- JAMES HOLDEN, AT Prince Albert, County of Ontario, C. W, Terms per Anunm, paid in advance $1 00; atthe ena of one month #1 ¥5: atthe end of the your, $2 00. . No subscription taken for a less period thi ix months, = No puper discontinued wid arrea puid up. 'This rale will be strictly udhered 10. Remittances mailed in a letter (registered) and ad- dressed to "JAMES HOLDEN, PRINCE, ALBEKT," will be atthe risk, of . Letters and: Co! « lisher or Liditor, must he po: er. - addresred to the Pub. When peoplesee a man advertise, they knot that he 3 a business man, and his advertising proclaims that he is not nly willing, but anxious fo do business. @erms of Advertising : Six lines and under, first insertion. .. $0 50 Each subsequent insertion. ........ 0 124 From six toten Lines, first insertion. . 0 874 Each subsequent insertion ......... 0 20 For every line above ten . 008 Every subsequent insertion. ...... L002 oa \dvertisements when displayed are charged ue- cording to the space they vecupy. All advertisements sent without written instructions will be inserted until countermanded, and chavged ac cordingly. No advertisement taken out until paid for. Orders for discontinuing advertisements must be loft at tie office in 'writing. Aliberal discount allowed to Merchants and others who advertise by the yeur or half-year. Pe Bool and Job Department. 27 Every description of Book axp Jos PRINTING exeented in the best style, and ai the cheapestrates neliding-- PAMPHLETS, BY LAWS, CIRCULARS, PROGRAMMES, BUSI CARDS, SHOW BILLS, HAND BILLS, : xi PROMISSORY NOTES, 'URES, MINISTERS! PLANS, 8 ax FORMS, &e. GOLD, SILVER AND BRONZE PRINTING IN COLOURS, 73 The utmost despatch will uniformily be observed nike execution of all orders. Prince Albert, Apnl 16, 1861. Business Divertor 1 ARRISTERS .and Attorneys-at-Law, Solicitors County Council "Ontasio.-- {ZZ Otlices :--Court House. MC. CAMERON. | J. H. MACDONELL D, CAMERON & MACDONELL, ~ JOHN PILTINGS, im. )ARRISTER, Attorney at Law, Solicitor in Chancery, Notary Public, Convey- ancer, &c., Prince Albert. Office two doors west of T. C. Forman's Store. P. A. HURD, [BARRISTER, Attoimey at Law, Solicitor in Chancery, Notary Public, Couvey- ancer, &c, Puce Albeit. Office in the « Victoria Block," two doors south of N. I. Davis' Dry Goods Store, apd over T. C. Forman's Furniture Wareroons, adjoimng the Observer office. W. H. TREMAYNE, ARRISTER and County Crown Attor- ney. Oi ek -- I in Chancery, weer, &e. Oi ng, Dundas St TER, Attorney at Law, Soheitor Notary Publi¢, Convey= --Biwelow's New Build- , Whitby. JOHN LLYS, {OLICITOR, &e., Church St., Toronto, C,W. Oulice, east side, first door south of King St., up stairs. MILLER: & TILT. TTORNIES, Conveyancers, Notaries Public, &e., corner of Church and King Streets, Tor ARR GEO. H DARTNELL, ARRISTER, Soleitor and Conveyancer, B Deputy Registra , and Master in Chau- cery. Otlice in Wallace's new Brick Build- ings, over J. 8. Donaldson' Hardware Store, Brock Street, Whitby, C. V J. W. UC. BROWN, ; OTARY Public, Conveyancer, Land Agent, &c., Uxbridge, C. W. Drs. TEMPEST & AGNEW, King Street, Ohsawa, W. TempEST, M.B. N. Agyew, M.D. J. E. WARE, M. D,, Coroner, HYSICIAN, Surgeon, Accoucher, &e. Prifice Albert. Residence in the Brick House, nearly opposite the residence of T. C. Forman, Esq. Dr. J. J. HILLARY, < ATE of Jervis-street Hospital, Dublin, Physician, Surgeon and Accoucheur. Residence, Uxbridge. GEO. W. JONES, M. D,, HYSICIAN, Surgeon, and Obstetrician, King street, Prince Albeit. 0 (ZF Residence and Office in the building Iatey occupied by Mr. J. Jury, three doors East of the Anglo-American Hotel. JAMES BAIN, M.D, HYSICIAN, Surgeon, and Accoucheur. Residence, Manchester. JOSEPH BASCOM, M. B, HYSICIAN, Surgeon, and Accoucheur, Muin Street, Uxbridge Village. Office, doors South of Plank's Hotel. 1 DRS, FOOTE & WARREN, [PB ROOKLIN, CANADA WEST. J, Foorg, M.D. | H. Warren, M. D. 0 Affidavits, Couveyancer, &e., Clerk Third Mg. J. JOHNSTON, MasiLra, (3 Agent for the Liverpool & London Insurance Co. Manilla, Aug. 14, 1861. JOHN HEAL, FPYATLOR, Prince Albert, C. W., begs to announce to his customers, 'and the in- habitants of the neighbourhood that he 1s prepared to execute orders for Tailoring, cheap forcash. (= Cutting done on the #hortest notice, > 35-1y WILLIAM BEALL, SSUER of Marriage Licenses, Commis- A sioner of the Court of Queen's Bench, Township Clerk, &c. Office, CoLumprs, % % COMMERCIAL HOTEL; CK Street, Whitby, o i il- B ton & Robert's iE ? . a the largest and best fitted up house in the County of Ontario. No pains will be spared to make this spacious and airy house equal to any in the country, NOAH WINDSOR, I OUSE and Barn Builder, Carpenter and Joiner, &e. Shop five doors north of the Post Ollice. (Z Sign of the Cabinet and Chair Shop, Prince Albert. + Victoria Hotel, AND GENERAL STAGE OFFICE, SIMCOE STREET, PRINCE ALBERT, WM SCOTT, Proprietor, (0% Successor to William Boynton. £) W.C. ADAMS, D. D.S, No. 99, King-St. 85 Fast, Toronto JARTICULAR attention given to clean- ing, filling and regulating teeth. The best of mineral teeth inserted in a manner to suit the requirements ot each patient. (= Dentists supplied with material. Toronto, July 24, 1861. 31-1y G. H. PORD, PRACTICAL WATCH MAKER, Jeweller, &Lec.,, Wu respectfully inform the inhabi- tants of Prince Albert and vicinity, that he has removed to the Excelsior Build- ings, next door to Mr. Hiscoek's Bakery, where he has a full assortment of ~~ CLOCKS, WATCHES & JEWELERY, which he intends to sell as cheap as any Establishment in the Canadas, All Clocks Warranted! N. B. Bemg a practical workman he feels contident that all work entr care will give satisfaction, E Clocks, Watches and Jewelery the best manner and warranted, Prince Albert, Jan. 23, 1861. $10,590,000 CAPITAL! Unity Insurance Associaticn, OF LONDON, WITH WHICH IS AMALGAMATED THE EQUITABLE FIRE OFFICE. CHIEF OFFICE. IN CANADA: Merchants' Exchange, Montreal DIRECTORS FIRE J. Frothingham, Eq. DEPARTMENT : W. Luan, Esq. J.G. Mackenzie, Eq. J. Torrance, Esqe B. Holines, Esq. A. Larooquf, E:q. AVERY description of Fire [nsarance 1 business transacted at the most moder- ate Rates of Premium. M. G. ROBSON, Agent. P. S.--Office at the Post Office. Prince Albert, May 8, 1861. OC. No VARS, PRACTICAL DENTIST! OSHAWA, C. W. A PRACTICAL experience of 13 years in his 'profession, and a thorough ac quaintance with all its branches, enable him to state with confidence that in all cases entrusted to his care the best satisfaction will be given. (= Dental Rooms directly opposite the Post office,--enirance on Simcoe Street, third door north of the Ontario Bank. ' : VARS, 21-tf Oshawa, Oct. 9, 1861. Marriage Licenses ! R. LUND? AUTHORITY, -- Issuer of Marringe Y B Licenses, Commissioner for taking Division Court, County of Ontario. Office:---QUEEN-ST., PORT PERRY. Port Perry, July 17, 1861. 31-tt "IT'S HARD TO DIE FRAE HAME" BY NORMAN M'LEOD. The evening sun is shining noo, On bonnie Lochanside, And to the byre are creeping doon The kye, my mither's pride ; The weans are sporting ou the green ; I see things just the same As if amang them a' mysel'-- Oh, it's hard to die rae hame ! My aiu dear mither little kens Her Mary is sae ill, For tween us there's a weary gale 0' stormy sea and hill ; : Aud will I never see her face, Or hear her speak my name, Or clasp my arms aboot her neck-- Oh! is haid to die frae hame ! Ithank ye a' beside me here, For the love ye've shown to me, Ye've gi'en me meat, ye've gi'en me claes, And gi'en a gentle fee ; To think o't makes my heart grow grit, And makes me feel like shame ; But yet--forgie me if I say't-- Oh, it's hard to die frae hame ! And when ye write to tell our folk How Mary gae'd awa', Be sure ye tell them how I thocht And spoke aboot them a'; And tell them, too, I gae'd in peace, Because I kent the Name ™ 0' a Father and a Brother dear-- Fairweel ! I'm noo gaun hame ! steps and upon the foot-boards Paul Dana grasped his brothers hand, and half-gayly, half-bashfully saluted Alice, but the kiss he received in turn was so cordial and sincere, that he whispered in her ear--¢ I know that we shall be fameus friends, shan' we now 7"? § " Ah, Paul, Pau], you rogue, don't be plotting treason so quick," exclaimed Elliot, as he sprang to:the grounds; « where's mother 7"? } f « Here she is, my son."' There was a quick embrace, and then the young man silently presented his bride to his mother. . «1 have never had a daughter, Alice," whispered Mrs. Dana, as she folded the trembling girl to her heart and kissed her blushing cheek; "and Elliot could not possibly have brought me a more welcome gift. But come in children ; you must need rest." What a pleasant room it was! Alice's heart was full to overflowing as she crossed the threshold of her new home. If you are a wife, dear; ean you not well remember a rush of emotion like the one that made her shiver and tremble, so that she felt as if she must have fallen, had it not been for the strong arm on which she leaned ?- And if you are not--why, you must try to imagine it as well as you can, but you can hardly comprehend it. Butt here was a turn to all sad thoughts and fancies, when the parlor door was thrown open and they entered the quiet, home-like rom. The evening was a little chilly, and (here was a small, bright fire in the grate, and the chery jets of flames iscellneous. SUNBEAMS AND SHADOWS. A TALE OF MARRIED LIFE. BY MRS, JULIA C. R. DORR. CHAPTER II. Room in thy heart! The hearth ahe left tkened 10 lend light to ours; e bright flowers of care' bereft hei ta ta re than flowers! Shia wa aia languish wore than flowers vor, moter; " min obra ayer! - Ly i Wane, Elliot Dana's home was in one of the large and beautiful villages of western New York, thitherward, about six weeks after their marriage, he bore his young and beau- tiful wife. Tired of the dust and confusion of the cars, they were g change them for the e wd enough 10 ex- t and luxurious ge that they found awaiting their ar- rival at a station about twenty miles from cary then journey's end. "My good mother is as thoughtful as aid Mr. Dana, as he lilted Alice into the cartinge, after having e) few with the says--¢ And sure, Mr. Dana, the mistress was thinking the young lady must be well tired of the s after coming sich a long waye entirely, and so she bid me come fetch 29 ged a words coachman, ¢ Tom yees. « She is very kind. Oh, this is pleasant I" , as Alice threw hgrself back was the cushions, and the pure breeze " And now we can talk without screaming, and I poi the st from the lake swept over heryuiow. am sure that will be a comfort." And they did talk. Tom, who with his hat placed jauntily on one side, and a nose- gay mn his button-hole, sat bolt upright upon the carriage box, never forgetting for a moment that th honor and responsibility of «driving the bude home,' had fallen to his lot--thought, as the low murmur of thei vioces reached itm, that no two people ever had £0 much to say to each other before.-- They talked of the past, of the present, and the futnre. The past--it was fury-land, for while straying within its charmed pre- cints they had met and that they had loved ; the future--how bnghtly it gleamed, as it lay spread out before them bathed in the rose-light of Love and Hope! And as for the present--¢ sufficient unto the day was the joy thereof." The day wore away. The sun sank to rest beneath the canopy of clouds, crimson tinted, and purple and green and gold, and the soft September twilight stole slowly apon them. They became quiet then, very quiet. Alice's gay bird-laugh grew still, 3|and drawing closer to Elliot's side, her large, violet eyes sought his with an earn- est, thoughtful expression half veiling their brightness. Her husband bent involuntary to kiss that uplifted brow. « We are almost home. Oh, Alice! I never before felt the true meaning of that word. God grant that, for you and for me, our home may indeed ever be a haven of rest, an ark of refuge." . ' « Amen!" was tho low, tearful response ; and they did not speak again until the horses paused before---not a vine-covered cottage, all columns and trelliswork and roses, nor yet an elegant villa with every Wm, DECKER, ATCH Maker and Jeweller, one doar west of Mackie's Store, Borelia.-- A large assortment of Watches and Jewelry $200 TO invest in Real Estate Mortgage. For terms and terest, apply to Wu. W. TYLER, Pp of wealth and fashion, al- though heroines generally live in either one or the other but before a tasteful and un- pretending brick mansion, in one ot the most retired and pleasantest sireets of the Manchester, Reach, C. W. Reach, July §0, 1861. oo -33-3m kept constantly on hand.» All repaire war- ganted. an Blonds 5 Salat village. * | trying to outshine the milder light of the shaded lamp, that fell upon the books, the pictures, the crimson curtains and fairly flooded the little teatable on which it stood. "1 told Maguie we would have tea at ten | to-night," said Mrs. Dana, in her calm, | quiet way. I thought it would seem more cheerful than the dining room--that is so large !"? Alice's eyes fiiled, for she knew it was tender, kindly feeling for the stranger bride thing " seem ehearful."? IOP has digpe sil her TR ng dren t wih be right glad of a ¢up of Maggie's nice tea. These lake breezes do give one a most ravenous appelitg." The travelling-dress was laid aside.-- Magee bronghit jn the tea, and the little hot biscuit, and the honey and the fruit, and they gathered rotnd the table. + Oly Eltiot, Lam so glad you have got liome again," wail little Paul--little Paul they still called him, although m his own private opinion it was rather a misnomer-- "and"--he panscd and glanced his bight eyes toward Alice, « Aud you arerglad I did not come alone ? That is what you wanted to say, isn't it, Paul? Well, Lam very glad, too. Glad to be at home, and glad that you have a sister. You must take care that she does not get homesick when 1 am obliged to be at the oflice ; do you mind ¢*? Paul's beaming smile smd that Le un- derstood lus duty very well, but he made no promises. What a long time they lingered over that tea-table. There were so many questions yask and to answer; go many things to igh, and so many kind words that must be spoken. There, was more talking than eating done that night, despre Eillio's ravenous appe- tte; but at last Mrs. Dana arose. "is very pleasant sitting here and talk- ing, cluldien; but Alice looks tired and somewhat pale, I am sure she would be better off in her own room." Alice assented, for she was indeed very much fatigued, Kind hands had arranged everything in the large, airy chamber to which she was conducted, with evident reference to her comfort aud convenience, and it was but a glow of grateful feeling at her heart that she responded to her new mother's kind good-night, there was no anxious thoughts to disturb her rest, and long before Elliot had finished his cigar shy was fast asleep, «am very happy in my new home" -- thus wrote Alice to Edith ; about two months after her ariival there --¢and if youn could join our pleasant little circle for awhile, you would say I was the most thankless crea- tura in the whole-world if 1 were otherwise. 'The bridal festivities are all over (to Elliot's great delight) and I am fairly installed ¢lady of the manor.' You would have laughed to have seen how quietly and easily Mrs. Dana--our mother, T mean-- that word seems very strange to my lips as yet, but it 1s far from being such to my heart --slipped the reins into my hands. «Qn the morning after I arrived here, when I came down to breakfast I found them all waiting for me, and, with an apology for my tardiness, I was quietly placing myself in the same chair that I had occupied the evening previous, when she laughingly asked me, 'What I was doing there?" 1 locked up in surprise, and if I must tell the truth, not a little disconcerted; but her bright smiles quickly reassured me. «<] do not know how you are inthe that had promgted the wish. to have every4une to divers presses preside at her own table, and your place therefore, is behind that coffee-urn.' with a very deferential bow, and a wave of the hand that would have done credit to a dancing-master. Paul skipped about and cried * brave,' and almost before I knew it, I was hiding my blushes behind the mas- sive silver urn, an heir-loom in the family. There was a great deal of laughing and jesting, but T could not teel quiet at my ease ; particularly with my stately, dignified mother-in-law at my right hand. And, if you will believe me, Edith, I really went to her after Elliot and Paul had gone out, and beg- ged her to resume her old seat, telling her I felt so much out of my place. "¢No no, my love," she replied taking my hand kindly ; «that will never do. You aie mistress here in your husband's home, and I see I must teach you that you are such; and the sooner the better. But I will take care that Mag- gie does not give you any trouble with her department for 'some time to core. You must have time to get rested, and to become well acquainted with us all first." "Ithanked her gratefully, and went np stairs, with a light step and a lighter heart. She kept her word, but now for several days Maggie has been coming to me for her orders, and I really begin to feel that I am keeping house. Luckily for me, however, my duties are merely nominal, for Maguie has been so thoroughly trained hy Mrs. Dana that she needs but little supervision. I wish you could see what a cosy little house we have, and it 1s fitted up with every con- venience from the garet to the eellar. It is beautifully furnished, too--I do not mean expensively, for Elliot's means would not allow that, but everything bears the mark of his fine taste both in selection and ar- rangement. . ® "And, by the way, Edith, you need, not trouble yourself about that linen, bedding, ete. that you were to prepire for me, not at present, at least. Yesterday mother took and closets, and such to feel quantities of sheets and pillow-cases and "lt omit dra showed me | anything of the kind, my denr child.' she said, in her kind, motherly way; for 1 have no danghters, you know, and I shall these Her She has not been well for the never need myself." voice trembled. year past, and -we should probably have both fallen into a sad mood if Paul had nog exclaimed -- «¢ Better not give them all away, mother; I expect my wife will'want some I" Weall laugh d, and she bade hin give himself no uneasiness, for she shoald have due regard for Mrs. Pant Dana's interests. I could not sufficiently admire the linen, it was so fine and soMautifully made up. « The people here have been very polite and attentive to me; partly out of curiosity, They unithe our anders, and I presume. are staid New E more dancing since | ei very I 1e here than 1 had have seen seen in all my lite before. you to know Mrs. Talcott whom I have met frequently. She is a stranger here, as well as myself, her husband having removed from New York to this place the same week that 1 was marnied. much--better than any one else whom | 1 Itke ber very have met. think her positively beantinf--but oh, sl e is 80 graceful and winning! Ellictis not as well pleased with heras am, but I hope he will be when he knows her better, «1 have not written any thing about my husband's love and tenderness, bat it is not because there is nothing to write. There has been no dark side yet dearest Edith, and Love has more than fulfilled the prom- ise of hope. I think of you all very otten, and very fondly, but I know you will re- vive to have me tell yon. that I feel, more and more, that my home is here, where my heart is. Tell ourdear father that I am working Wim sacha pretty pair of slippers, and that I shall bring them when we make our promised visit in the spring. God bless you all--so prays your own Alice." The promised vist" was made early in the ensuing spring. Mr. Templeton and Edith thought Alice had grown lovelier than ever, as they looked upon her beaming face, and heard her sweet voice earoling the old familiar songs, even more joyously thar of yore. And perhaps they were right. At any rate, Elliot was not disposed to quarrel with them for opinion's sake. To be Continued, et 8 eee A Good Dividend. A broker, when escorting home a Tair dam- sol, asked her what sort of money she liked best. Ofcourse the blushing beauty instant- ly suggested matri-mony. « What interest does it bring 7' inquired the note-shaver. ble the original stock every three years." , the sons of God it is a solemn feast. customary for the mistress of the house to "Elliot laughed, and offered ihe his arm | 1 would like | Sa) I do not know as you would! + If properly invested," faltered the fair charmer, «if properly invested, it will dou- --~-- Life has its trials and sorrows, but to "OHINA AND THE CHINESE. DEFTVERED BY REV. J. T. BYRNE, OF WHITBY. In accepting au invitation to lecture be- fore an intelligent audience, it is olien diffi- cult to select an appropriate topic, one like- Iy to interest a mixed assembly, and to yield tensive knowledge, their readiness of utter- ance, their apt illustrations, their striking | experiments, and their graceful and winning manners, rivet the attention of those they address, whatever the subject they choose'; | but they are comparatively few. Some topics, teo, whoever the lecturer, are more engaging than others, especially when am- phtied with striking illustrations and facts. While then we come before yon with no Hourish of trumpets, and our effort will be humble, we hope it will be found instructive and useful. The celestial empire is our theme, and some of the pecularities which pertain to its people. The country and people ot China, cannot fail to possess in- terest to thoughtful minds. In presenting this subject for meditation, we at once dis- claim all idea of originality. We have never personally visited the land of which wo shall speak, but we have for years thought much of it, and have often read the productions of those who have lived in the midst of the people who have been so*long excluded from the inflnence of other nations. On many accounts, China demands the at- tention of the philanthropist and the chris- tian. The antiquity of ts ongin, the ea- tent of its territory, the amount of its popu- lation, the advance of its civilization, its moral and religious state, and the prespect of approoching changes, present claims which none should overlook. There can be no doubt that many have erred in rela- tion to the extravagant chronology of tue Chinese. It is evident that they, like most other heathen nations, have a mythological as well as a chronological period ; the one fabulous ; the other authentic ; the one con- nected with the history of their %, the other with that of their men. Hence they speak of their celestial emperor, who reraned 45,000 ix; their terrestrial em- peror, who reigned 15,000 years ; followed by their human emperor, who reigned as | long. But whatever extra vacancies may appear in their chionology, to which many of the Chinese themselves pay but httle at- tention : there are several reason in favor of the antiquity of this people. Many state- ments and facts in their fabulous history evincelthis, as well as the patriarchal form of thew government, the nature of their language, and the great «estimation in which husbandry 1s held-by them. By th China," consilfaratreyhrds abd "veer taken to ascertain the best sources of evi- dence on this and oth r points, and from many able works aiteady published, there is reason to conclude that the Chinese are as a nation, the most ancient people in ex- istence, the Jews excepted. xing by the earlier history of the conn- try, I may remark that a little more than two handed years before the Christian era, China became subject to a fouith dynasty, | called 7sin, from which Chin, or China, the name by which that country is known | in the western world, is probably derived. 1t was duringz the life-time of tins monarch, [ that the famous Chinese wall was erected, in order to keep out the Tartars, who then infested the northern frontier, This isjnstly s stupendous work, streteh- over, 1,560 miles of country, 1 ats course the highest moun- ossing the deepest valley, spanning wd provided, at certain . Since the sties have 1 present days of Ts im (the destiny of China, e have possessed the throne above ed Keen-lnng was the reigning emperor, when the Datel, English, and | Portuguese sent embassies to Clina, and | | which he favorably received. He is repre- | sented as a magnificent patron of learning. | | He resigned his throne to his son in 174 ha ol ruled 60 years : but his son was very + his father, and dicd in the midst of his le licentions course in 1811, the em- pire to Taon-k wang, whe AW yess reign gave place to another, recently de-| ceased, against whose domination an insar- | {rection has been for some time oxisted, the | result of whieh it 1s scarcely possible to de: | vi | termine. . | | The extent and population of this vast country, it is proper here briefly to notice. This mighty empire extends, we are told, {rom north to south 18 degrees, and from east to west not much less; and if its tribu- tary countries are (aken in account, it will be found to reach above 900 leagnes from north to south, and about 1.50 from east to west, It lies on the eastern shore of Asia, being bound to the north by Tartary, from trom which it is divided by ridges of inac- ces<ible mountains, and partly by the im- mense wall to which I have already averted. On the east it is bounded by the sea ; on the west, : by the Mogul empire, and part- ty by chains of monntains and sandy deserts ; on the sonth its boundaries are Ton-king, Laos, Cochin-China, and the Indian Sea.-- In addition to the €hina Proper, with its 18 rich and f rtile provinces, which covers an area of M,208,000 square miles, the empire is now swelled by the annexation of Chinese Tanary,. Thibet, Corea, and 1.00-choo, are subject Jo its influence: Cochin-China, Camboja, Barmah, and Siam, are incl fed among its tributary kingdoms. - . The question of population is interesting to the philosopher, and politician, the mer- chant, an'! the christian ; it is xo in this case. From what we ean learn, it appears that China is mereasing in population, and is doubling the number of its inhabitants every 25 years. It isa mistake, however, to euppose that it is more, thickly peopled than some other countries, however vast its population. In Holland we have 210 in- habitants to the square mile; m England, incinding the army and navy, 244: mn Le- land, 256 ; and in Belgium, 333. While m China. if we take the population at the high- est eensns, given in 1812, viz: 361,270,897; wa shall find that its population is about 278 srdividnals to the square wile, being L way, at is not necessary to dwell. anuual return of the population ; and every family 1s required to have a board always ~~ hanging up in the house, with the names of all the persons residing there, so as to foci- litate a correct return. Its population, how- ever, is materially affected by the intro- duction of opium. It is positively stated, that before this vile drug was introduced, it increased at thie rate of 3 per cent; whereas practical results. Some men by their ex-| now it is only at the rate of one per cent.-- * To afford facilities for the sale of this poison, opium shops are as plontiful in some towns 'of China, as gin-shops are in England, and taverns and saloons jn some sections of Canada. The sign of these receptacles, is a bamboo screen, hanging before the door, which is as certain an inumation there, rs the chequers or signs in the old country, in this Provnice, or elsewhere. In this way: the lave of intemperance may be gratified ; and there is reason to believe that the gov- vernment officers connive at the smuggling of this Jernivious article for the profit it yields. It is indeed prohibited, but yet it is troduced, and in a way greatly to the in- jury of Missionary labors. But however interesting and important the antiquity of China, its extent of territory, and the amount of its population, its civifi- zation will be no less so. This will be found superior to other parts of the heathen world ; yet after all that can be said in its favor, it is<etill a Pagan country. In the Chinese, we behold in general, a quiet, or- derly, well-behaved nation, exhibiting many traces of civilization, and displaying them at a period when the rest of mankind were for the most part sunk in barbarism.-- By themselves China is denominated ¢ the flowery nation," «the region of dternal summer,' + the land of sages," "the celes- tial empire ;"" whilst they unscrupulously term all foreigners, "barbarians," and sometimes, swine, monkeys and devils. It is likely, however, that the success of the wars bv the British, the insurrectiof now pending among themselves, and a better acquaintance with nations," will greatly modify there phraseology, and alter the tone of their future intercourse. In no uichristian country do we find such attention paid to ceremony, such polish in daily intercourse, and so'many compliments passing to and fro, as among the Chinese.-- In associating with friends, and entertaining strangers, their politeness is remarkable. -- Their civil nis evi | also in the dis- coveries they have made, and the arts and sciences which they have cultivated. Dr. Medhuist, who lived many years among them, instances in his work the mariner's compass, which they obviously discovered before the people of Europe." The art ot printing, it appears, was known to them np- wards of 900 years ago. In A.D. 745, foyears afterwards they were mumprned by printing. The art of making paper was known to them about 150 years, B. C.; wher we did not discover it until the 1th century. The ait of printing was known to them in the 10th century, by us it was dis- covered iu the 15th. The composition of 'wunpowder was early known to them, for we find that soon after the commencement of the Christian era, they were in the habit of using what they called + fire medicine." The same anthor speaks much of their at- tention to Astronomy, Botany, Medicine and Surgery, and the Fine Arts. In. the art of araving they are said to excel, as also in abrication of silks. They likewise dis= considerable skilt in the manufacture of cotton goods, and of artificial flowers.-- Their mats and other articles made of bam- boo, are remarkable. for their neatness -- Ivory is wrought with great elegance, and their manufacture of cut glass nearly equals that of England. In porcelain or china, and. lacquered or varnished ware they ex- cela though in the former, they are now ont= stripped by foreigners, aud the later, for lustre and beauty, by the Japanese. Of their deficiencies and excellences with re=- ferences to the more common manufactures, or trades ; or of the manner in which arti- zans itinerate with their implements, and perform work as it may casually fall in their All ar- ticles, it is said, the making of which re- quires more than mere mechanical «kill, and the appheation of profound thought and mathematical exactness, is beyond. their ingenuity. Whenever they have a rood attern, the patives of Canton will endeavor 10 imma i but they atterapt nothing { 1 further. diced from their youth to fol- | low ancient rule, they do not, even m their daily ocenpations, think for themselves, but prefer accommodating themselves to others. They are etrgngers to machinery, but their ingenuity is conspicuous in the ready and simple modes in which they con- trive to abridge labor. . Concerning some of their industrial arts, it is questioned whether they are original, or have been bor- rowed fiom India. In most cases, how- ever, no doubt cxzn exist of the originahty of their inventions. In sculpture, or the art of entting stone into imitative forms of living objects, they are very defective. In draw- ing and painting, where a scientific adher= ence to the les of perspective are not re- quired, they are sometimes very successful; but perspective is disregarded, and as for shading, they object to its introduction. In music they appear to be very defective.-- Their houses are tent-like edifices; and their bridges, however much extolled, aro found upon examination, to display no scientific principles. In fact, the actual state of the sciences among them, may be pared to their condition in Europe dur- "ing the middle ages. Whilst there 1s much to admire, there are many defects, no doubt ansing in part from their stationary state, and tha absence of true independance. In this connection, we must not omit to refer, however briefly, tothe Language and Literature. In the Chinese language, both the oral and written mediums are of the most primitive order. Their words are all monsyllabie, and their characters symbolic; while both continue as they most probably existed in the earlier ages of antignity.-- The Chinese characters, it is sail, ure rat strictly hieroglyphic ; as they were neither invented by, nor confined to the priesthood. They were in the first instance, doubtless, pictorial, then¥ symbmlic, aftensyaads eom- pounded, and fingdly ,bitrry. Their comewhat yore than the population of Tre- tand, but by no means equal to that of Rel- gium. China, in fact, is capable 'of sus- [characters are diviled into six classes :--- pictcr al, metaphorical, indicative, conaline- J tive, derative, and phonetic, According to ' i $15 : & § § A ah 20 A 434 & N i $