The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

The new shades are browns, "greens, olives, elephants breath "and mouse, Your first step to abso- lute satisfaction is when you buy a pair of EMPRESS Shoes. Every step taken is a step of comfort for either the school-girl, the mother or grandmother, and in addition to comfort you will be wearing the make of shoe which sets the fashion for Canada. T1.C. Forman & Son 3 We are clearing out all the old suitings, at less _ than cost. v W. H. Doubt J hah A------ u lee Cream Parlor... R IN FULL SWING NOW i D Ice Cream, Ice Cream Sodas, | Y Ice Cream Sundaes, etc., in all flavors. S Ice Cream is made by power. We can supply in any quantity for At Homes and Anniversaries, and guarantee satisfaction. Give us a call and-sample for yourself, E. H. PURDY. CHOICE CUTS in all lines ot BEEF. LAMB, VEAL TTT] FRESH, SMOKED . AND Mie Stock SALTED MEATS | : You can depend Highest cash upon quality at on id. reasonable price Mean Prices pai when you buy ; RL meat from! CAWKER BROS. urIica Too fa'e for last week? Mrs. J. Ward visited her daugh- ter Mrs. D. W, MeDonald, Brook- lin, last week, © FEL "Mr. and Mrs, Spalding. of Aurora visited Mrs, Jas. Hortop and Mss. Tennyson last week. = Mr. and Mrs, G.' family, of Sandford, of Mr. Ed. Christie last: Plo _| roads we fin Perry, very kindly. bre article 'on highway It is of practical valu sizes the fact tha is the basis of gi How can our highways be mad, better? In what 'respects do they come short of what the £ on the © paved. The si water falling as rain on' ught to | ditch, be? We can deal end afew |b points of what is, of necessity, a very large subject. yr ~ DRAINAGE In the first place we fi of our roads falling short of what they ought to be in the matter of drainage, 'In building or repair ing-a road, this is usually the point where we fail entirely, much to the injury of the road. Water is admitted by all to be the great- est enemy any road can have. Early in the history of building roads the following principle was laid down--'* Get the water away from the road and keep it away." The reniedy for nearly everyipiece of bad road 1s better drainage. This holds true for. any type of road, earth, gravel or brcken stone. 'A good road is from start to finish simply a matter of good drainage. The water we have to deal with comes from to sources. First, the rainfall. Second; water in the soil; ground water, socalled. The water from these two sources must be removed from the road, This brings us to a consideration of surface and subsoil drainage. SURFACE DRAINAGE © The rainfall comes down on the road surface and we cannot pre- | vent it coming. ¥ of water falls as rain. on our roads during the year, and it will cer tainly -do "harailainidesh. of refed away by a system of thorough drainage. To get it to run off the road towards the sidesiis the first step, The road surface' for this reason should be as smooth as possible and should have a slope sideways each way from the cen- tre, This is cdlled the crown of the roadway. = Authorities differ as to the amount of ¢rowr a road should have. It will depend on the kind of surface the road has. An earth road with its softer surface should have a greater slope thau- roads with harder surfacing, such as gravel or broken stone. Foy A lack of crown is a defect one often sees in many of our roads. We often find flat or éven hollow surfaces with the water resting 1 them in pools, sortening the } so that it cuts up 'casily making bad ruts.in spring and fall. Oth d have been too mu crown, with 'the result thatthe traffic is driven to seck the cents of the road time. It is better, however, have too much. crown than little as the road will soon becom d many | A large amount | , forming deep ruts inn face 'drainage is' essential want a good, road. Sex * SUBSOIL DRAINAGE earth, water is usually found at a greater or less depth from the sur- face, In some localities we find it perhaps only a few feet down, while at other places we find it only at great depths The kind of soil seems to have an important bearing on the depth at which we find this water. In clay and claye soils it stands high while in sands and gravel it is usually 'deep. The earth seems to be a kind of great {storage reservoir of water. This water we call the 'ground water." Its primary source is of course thé the rainfall, a part of which, larger or smaller, sinks gradually down into the soil after every rain. This ground water is not stationery as we might expect, but is in contin: ual motion through the soil toward some outlet or brook, river or lake. The elevation of the surface of the ground water is continually chang- ing at any weather it is. low, and in wet w x ther it is high; in hot dry weather fticularpoint. In dry} Wherever a hole is 'dug in the way are 0 'defective. as in drainage, both surface especially the latter, and 5 seeking for better: conditi Gal our roads this is the p we must begin our impro Every dollar - spent: for te drainage will give good returns for she money... Fn '7... To be cont Road Appropriations fo Te |, ae Min. 1. Mae c Jan. , 46 lar, y: li i Sot TS {+ BROUGHAM- Clerk, . : 4 gt Mat sth, May sth, Ju ; ov; of, Jan. tsth, tte. 8 jl By order, $40 CC Clerkof the eace, Dated at Whitby. Nov 4th, 1908 = the elevation of the 'ground water | is low, and our wells go dry. Wher "the level of the ground wateris below the surface of the | . "om carth we have a dry soil; when t ground water rises'tolor. near t surface we "have a wet soil and perhaps even swampy conditions, When the level of the: ground 'water rises above the surface of the earth we have a permanent pond jor lake. What has this to do with roadmaking you ask, A great deal. The ground water, so little understood, is of just as much im: portance to the road as the surface| water first mentioned and requires just as radical measures for its re: 'moval as the other, if we wish for a good road. Subsoil drainage is the removal by underground drains of this ground water in soil; This is necessary in any. 'where the gronnd water rect see where such drain wi Dust watch the r i ) €e flatter with the traffic if it is too is bigh: "A road on a steep hills ; an should have a greater crown 'one on level ground, otherwis water is apt to follow the tracks and make ruts instea passing outwar ito. ditche: anxious instead of sc 'the |G high, especially 'in heavy mind y y 1ally 0 = ay soils, eo road or BUSINESS CHANGE pps 4. po ST $30 td Ee coms. $1 The undersigned has 5 "lpurchased the butcher , business formerly con s|ducted by Mr, L J. Wheelei \ $13 'and solicits $25 gis s10 sis Bic 2 F =