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ko the farm stock, allowing the g seedlings to spring up every- re. While these are still you dways. for sap i be made, andi ate grove when the served saplings are about ten high, the difficulty of getting rid of - the younger brush will be solved. How They Did It Fifty Years Ago. ~ Bome of us remember, and most with the ER am Tro 'they m ma, years po. A picturesque fiir 1b kettle with the big iron hung ove [one hundred and ninety pailfuls | gathered after a rain the yield of > 1 ter it comes from the tree, I find it | with an outlet mear the bot | liquid was so deep in the vessel that pork fastened to | Foo tatch Re ~ | Such an area of hot an : use a Septler" and it is possible af up may not keep quite as May n ri 1 sap w! driven firmly into the tree. round they keep the air from the hole and guard against driving up, retaining sap to sour during a warm spell, or to freeze whén the ; is cold. i i going to use 'covered pails almost entirely, as we lost so much sap during the storms last spring. I reckon on getting & pound of su- gar from a pail of sap, and out of sugar was only eighty pounds in- stead of one hundred and ninety, as it should have been had the rain water been kept out by covers. As sap deteriorates so rapidly af- advisable to commence Ting af' soon as there is a quart or two in the buckets. Pails with broad bot- toms are most convenient for this, and the gathering tank should be of heavy tin or galvanized iron, tom 8| fitted with cotton hose for emptying |. ® | into the storage tank, and circular form, as the sap dashing about when the sleigh is hauled over rough ground, would soon rack a rectangular tank. The hose can be hooked to the top of the tank while ghthering. We fasten a double cloth and a wire strainer over the top.ot the Jaak, and that ls all the aining the sap gety. e strain the syrup onca through three or four thicknesses of flannel. - Bugar-makers agree that the more rapid the evaporation, the clearer, lighter and more delicately flavored will be the syrup. -In the days of the old potash kettle the the boiling was a tedious process. Someone was generally expected to git guard all night with a piece of stick to prevent 1¢ "boiling over." | 'corrugated bottom of the mod- evaporator exposing the sap to . surface, and the 'never being allowed to 'cover Bottom to a depth of over half inch above these corrugations, makes: the evaporation very rapid. Boiling, PCE to keep ssary to bed Tipwetars ths is mor ony : 0 | ways { drying. _|of this matter to boil this it will form a hard | dropped into cold water, or it, will crack under pressure utter are just. as effec- pork commonly used, no Fun Your sup ir off into a ry gran g some When the syrup is boiled to blocks, pays hoger of 240 or 240 de- grees, stir sufficiently to make the desired grain, pour into a mould and stir until it granulates. When dried out it may be pulverized if you like, and will be almost as fine and white as flour. This is delicious in cakes, cake icings, and for gar- nishing desserts, etc. Care must be taken not to scorch the sugar while stm frei ' DESERTS FROM-GULF STREAM. Second Gulf Stream in Atmosphere --Chilled Passing Over Sweden. The Gulf Stream, as every one knows, is a broad river of warm wa- ter which starts in the Gulf of Mexico, wanders across the cold Atlantic Ocean and bumps into the British Isles giving them a warm climate and no end of fog and rain. But few people know that in the at- m ere above there is a second Gulf Stream of warm, moist air. This 'glow, damp breeze strikes the British Isles and does not car- rom. off like the Gulf Stream, but continues over Husdpe, As it passes over Sweden, Finland and northern Russia, these oold lands chill the wind and cause it to drop its moisture in the form of rain. The lakes and rivers of these northern countries are all. supplied by the moisture taken up from the Gulf Stream f The rotation of the earth makes this wind veer gradually to the southward about the time it has given up the last of its moisture and warmth. As a mighty draft of dry, cold air, the Gulf Stream wind moves on across the plains of Rus- sla. As it approaches the:Equator the wind warms again but becomes ever drier, At lest as it over -Turkes- tan, Arabia and ara, it evapo- rates like a great sheet of blotting paper all water it meets, forming the deserts of Turkestan, Sahara and Arabia, Fortunately this de- vastating wind now leaves jthe con- tinent, becomes the trade winds and returns to its starting point at the Gulf of Mexico. Beveral somewhat visio schemes have been suggested for al- tering 'the course of the Gulf Stream. One of the immediate re- sults of any such changes would be the shifting of the present deserts | other parts of the world, ' en In Nova Scotia. Along the shore of the Bay of Fundy, 'Nova Beotia; are' large tracts of inexhaustibly fertile dyked lands that have been reclaimed. from the sea. This land lines the head- waters of 'the Bay of Fundy and ex- tends inland "up its rivers. The strong tides of that bay, which are the highest in the world, gather up | great quantities of sediment. from its bed shores. The depositing Sent: along ny. sort and lira. oovasional plowing boil 'some years. I propose to attempt Hiy asks what about the and grants. I grants were made between 1882 and at of certain defined lines and the' then N. or thelr acrsnsier. arposes, ges, [aBiarges that have been made tn the | oublic press. These' statements have previously expressed private- ) and the newspapers are now only putting into print idéas which have been repeated in Canada for an explanation of these matters, Firing the official figures of the case rankly. ¥ | There are few false statements 'made without seme basis of truth, and few misrepresentations which 'have not had a more or less suppos- edly legitimate origin. The figures | that have been quoted in the public press as to the bonds guaranteed and subsidies granted to the Cana- dian Northern are, as a rule, taken from the official Blue Books of the. Dominion of Canada. One would naturally expect to find in these figures an exact account of the situ ation ; but, curiously enough, a mo- ment's reflection will show that they may fail to portray correctly the relations between the Canadian Northern, or any other railway, and public assistance. There have been placed on the statute books of Canada millions of dollars of cash subsidies which have never been earned, many of the subsidized companies having passed out of ex- istence, and millions of dollars of bond guarantees which have never progressed farther than the original authorizing legislation. The Cana- dian Northern is not an exception to this general statement. Guaran- tees have been granted by Provin- cial Governments for lines which have never been commenced, and which probably will not be built for years. These guarantees, with un- earned oash subsidies to certain branch lines within the system, are charged up by statisticians, casnal- ly referring to the Blue Book as against the constructed mileage of the i Northern Railway System. It is the misuse, not the use, of the Blue Books which has created the false impression. Bo much for the origin of mis- [Ty cand built the railways. 'They did what the financiers of Can- da, of the United States, of Eng-|; n and vor to arouse ing. ants had Parliament, .& Mann bought the land land, and of the continent had, af- os ! However, this was not.the coursed of action. Phe lands were turned over to the Canadian Northern and used for issuing land grant bonds. were sold from time to time at market value, and their proceeds Spplied in reduction of these bonds. p to the 31st day of December, 1913, there were issued $24,000,000 of land t bonds. The land grants to the company, the charters and rights of which were secured by Mackenzie, Mann & Oompany, total 4,000,000 acres. The railway company got the benefit of these lands. It will not be denied that the Can- adian Northern Railway has shared in the work of development of Western Canada in the days when it was needed, When Western Can- ada had been for years practically stagnant. The railways in exis- tence at the advent of the Canydian Northern were located in the south- ern portion of Manitoba and the then Territories. The Canadian Northern Railway plunged into the comparatively unknown and unset tled country of the North. It has succeeded in building up a territory which was ultimately to be known as "The Bread-basket of the Em- ire." There have been expended y the Canadian Northern and its industrial agency, for colonization work, $2,910,000; or an equivalent of 14'per cent. of the total cash sub- ventions received by the companies & Company. In assistance of eastern lines, the Ontario Government has granted 2,000,000 acres of land, and the Quebec Government 749,540 acres of land. These lands are wooded, and subjected to certain restrictions, therefore they must be considered in a different light to the infinitely more valuable prairie lands of Western: Canada. Bo far neither the Ontario nor the Quebec lands representations that have taken place. Now as to the facts: The Canadian Northern Railway Com- pany has under construction, and expects to have completed by the end of 1014, 9,843 miles of railway. There are completed 8,694 miles, and under operation 7,152 miles. The completed mileage has cost for construction and equipment to De- cember 81, 1913, $30,319,232. From the Dominion and the: Provincial Governments, and from municipali- ties, up to the same date, there have been received, by the compan- ies forming the Canadian Northern Railway System, whilst under the control of Mackenzie, Mann & Com- pany, $20,092,666, in cash subven- tions, or about seven per cent. of the total cost of the railway mile- age constructed. These figures are correct, They include all the cash subsidies received from public sources, as a set-off against the three hundred millions of costs be- fore mentioned. When compared with the cash subventions given to either of the other transcontinental railways, or when compared with the total-cost of the work and the great economic good which has been and is being ficcomplished by the Canadian Northern Railway Sys- tem, these figures must disabuse the public mind of the idea that the Canadian Northern has been over- subsidized, its bonds over-guaran- teed, or, to put it mildly, there has been even an opportunity to re- invest the subsidies in outside ven- tures, i at this point, natural- ew words this . + Briefly, the 1690 to three companies: The Lake Manitoba ilway and Canal Com: pany, the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Railway Company, and : the Manitoba 'and Bouth-eastern Rail- way Company, for the eonstrusti | Sir Donald 3 Bir William Macken-i~ have been of assistance to the com- panies in securing finance, and re- main unselected and unsold. The bonds of companies consti- tuting the Canadian Northern Rail- way System have been guaranteed by the Dominion and several" Pro- vinclal Governments, and up to De- cember 31, 1913, the companies have received the proceeds of bonds_so guaranteed to the extent of $131,- 822,660. There is no disposition on the part of the company to minimize the benefits of these rantees, but it must be acknowledged by the company's bitterest opponents that the guarantees have in no sense been subsidies to the company's undertaking, and that the compan- ies have faithfully discharged all of their interest obligations in connec- tion with these guarantees: - The only benefit intended by Parlia- ment, or received by the companies from the guarantees, was that of enabling the sale of bonds secured by first mortgages on better terms than would have been possible otherwise. : Up to the 81st day of December, 1913, there also have been expend- ed, for the purposes of the several companies within the system $134,- 123,171, raised absolutely without Government: assistance. When this amount is compared with the figures previously quoted as to cash. sub- ventions, moneys raised from land grants, and moneys raised by the seen how little truth there is in the statement that the Canadian North- ern has been built by public funds. With the statistics that have been given, it would: dppear almost un- necessary to deal with the gtate- ment that money voted to the Can- adian Northern Railway System has been diverted and-invested by either Bir William Mackenzio or Sir Donald Mann in South America or elsewhere for their 'personal advan- intad "at by reputable 'jour- Jota daerving of a3 anewer, Jonald Mann, personally, has ever had an futirow. tn. South Ration securities. Such funds as has invested in Bouth America. v:re invested the | from his personal reroirces, - Nels t-| ther Bir William Mackenzie nor Sir ter careful sorutiny, repeatedly re- fused to do : : under control of Mackenzie, Mann |: guaranteed securities, it will bel Sec tage. But, sifico the statement has] John is his name, but his intimate friends call him just plain Jack, and few a Mr. gy, ¥ 3 © He is'a PY She BOO appears to get along 8 in no uncertain way that th rd knocks gained by etudying in the school of practical | saperichia are, after all, the thud boost, until to-day, Mr. John Carew, dynamo behind the John Carew Lumber Co., of Lind- say, is the owner of one of the best and most up-to-date lumber mills in the Dominion of Canada, having very extensive limits throughoub the northern part of the Highlands of Haliburton. He is also the own- er of a thriving box factory and planing mill, employing, all told, hundreds of men. In a nutshell, Mr. Carew is one of these busy, busy business men, but yet one who finds time to mingle with his fellow- men, irrespective of creed or sta tion, and extend the helping hand to any worthy cause. He is iden-| tified with several big institutions in the town of Lindsay, his home town, where he is a good citizen in every respect. As president of the Bouth Victoria Agricultural Bo- ciety, commonly known as the Lind- say Central Fair, he is the idol of the countryeide, the Lindsay Fair to-day being one of the four best and largest in the province; as one of the governors of the Ross Mem- oral Hospital he is recognized as a Mr. John Carew. thorough business man; as vice- chairman of the Lindsay Industrial Commission he was largely instri- mental in securing four splendid new industrial concerns for the town in one year; as chairman of the building committee of the Board of Education.he has.given the town practical - knowledge in the cons ebruction of two magnificent Pub= lic schools; as owner of two large tow-boats he has been largely in- strumental in having the Lindsay end of the Trent Valley Canal pro- perly dredged and improved for all manner of navigation ; as patron of the Lindsay Curling Club he has been a prime factor in placing the name of Lindsay on the top rung in curlingdom the world over; as one of the first movens in the build- ing of an up-to-date garage' in Lindsay he has abetted the auto- mobile industry in Lindsay and vicinity ; as the owner of several hundred feet of river front and a large.number of boat-houses on the ugog he -has bettered the condi- tions of the yachtsmen, giving them excellent housing facilities; a8 "a director of the Horn Bros. Woollen, Mill Co., Limited, an institution employing gver 150 hands, he has aided in giving employmenb bo a large number of the young girls of! the town. : 2 - Such a man is Mr. John Carew, of Lindsay, Ont, one of the fore-| most captains of industry in the' Dominion of Canada--F. W. M., if Toronto Star Weekly, 3 ; Ae Phopheey Fulfilled, The newly married eouple had) ust crossed the threshold of thelx| ome for the first time, . !"Phis is out world, dear," he nid softly, "In it we will accompli greabithings = "0 Ge A - His prophecy was correct, = "Inside of two months they were: 3 for | fighting for the championship af the have word, Sig hey