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rx by Professor Henry G. Bell. of this department Is to place at the : of an acknowl on all subjects pertaining to solls and : gives" oho tm readers the advice of an no i care'of The all questions to Professor order In It is advisable where immediate reply a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed G. Bell, In Hen The Wiison Publishing Company, a To- and answers will appear in this column in the ch they are received. . As space is limited is necessary that the Question, when the answer will be mailed direct. Question--W. W. M.:--Is there any quantity of spring wheat grown in Kent and Essex Counties? - Would you advise planting spring wheat in . Kent County on a good clay loam tiled 8 rods apart, 4 in. tile? Shy n should it be planted se that it AA to ripen? : Answer: --Spring wheat has been successfully grown in both Kent and utes in a mixture of 21 gallons of wa- 'ter to- one-half pound of formalin. There are other treatments, but this is one of the handiest and most effec- tive, as formalin can easily be pur- chased at any drug store. Some farmers prefer to sprinkle the mixture of water and formalin on the wheat and to cover the wheat-pile with bags over night, so that the formic acid gas, which is dissolved in the mixture of water and formalin, will be kept in around the wheat as long as pos: sible. It is this gas which kills the tiny smut spores. ' Question--K. G.:--We had 40 acres of alfalfa which we cut three times last summer. Am afraid it went into winter rather weak. I have a good supply of manure. Would you ad-| vise manuring this field? Would you advise liming it? If so, when? | Essex counties. In 1911 Kent Coun- ty was growing 1,018 acres while in 1914 there were only 183. In 1911 Essex County was growing 1,345 acres and in 1914 there were reported only 177 acres. From a study of the " climatic conditions, both the range of temperature and the rainfall, I see no reason why spring wheat cannot be successfully grown qn these counties, if proper precautions are taken. According to investigations at On- tario Agricultural - College, spring| Answer:--If alfalfa has gone into! wheat should be seeded as early as the | the winter in weak shape it should! ground can be worked. I note that be given good care early in the spring, | your ground is clay loam and is well | if its vigor is to be revived and a good supplied with tile. This ground lerop is to be produced. If you have! should not be worked while it is sticky, | some fairly well rotted manure, I! nor should it be left unworked until would advise spreading at least two it plows up into a rough seed-bed. In to four tons of this to the acre on the! order to insure a good stand of wheat, ' alfalfa field. I would also advise ap-| you would; do well to apply 200 to 800 plying from one to two tons per acre pounds of a fertilizer carrying from of finely ground limestone, evenly dis- 2 to 3% ammonia and 8 to 10% tributed over the, fleld. When the! available phosphoric acid. = The am- | snow is gone in the spring and the! Yponia 'will give the young crop a good, 'alfalfa has gotten a good start, it will | igorous start, while the" available greatly help it to top-dress the alfalfa phosphoric acid will hasten its ripen- | with about 250 to 400 pounds per acre ing. At a recent meeting of the On- | of acid phosphate or bone meal. The tario Experimental Union, Prof, late Joe Wing, the great American Zavitz strongly recommended the use alfalfa authority, said: of Marquis wheat. If this is sown at| "The phosphorus generally stimu-! the rate of one and a half bushels per mak the little alfalfa plants and | acre on well prepared land, there is makes them hustle to get ahead of the weeds and grass. On Woodland | " 4 Farm we have used raw bone meal and | Question--Ss R, P.:--I had a bad (acid phosphate with about equal re- dose of smut in my wheat last sum- (sults, as far as the eye could see. It! practice to put on 250 to 400 men, What treatment will make it'is our - toe as seed next spring? pounds per acre of 16% acid phosphate er: -- The disease in your|when the alfalfa is sown on soils well | wheat last summer may have been filled with lime. Acid phosphate is either the loose smut or the stinking about the most soluble of the phos- smut or Bunt. About the only cure phatic fertilizers and thus is best for for the loose smut is careful selection | top-dressing when there is abundant good reason to expect a profitable re- turn. . 5 The Fifty years ago, when good cedar stock was in abundance and labor cheap, the farmers used to manufac- ture thelr own shingles by sawing, splitting and shaving, and there are many roofs yet throughout the coun- try where split or shaved cedar shing- les were applied fifty years ago. These shingles were generally about % to %" thick, but time and weather have reduced the thickness of the ex- posed portions to that of. cardboard. Under the natural tendency of things, however, the days of split or shaved cedar shingles are passed, and in re- cent years the shingle became the pro- duct of the saw mill, and the manu- facturers of shingles were not so par- ticular as to the kind of stock they used as was the farmer who laborious- ly made his own supply. The outcome was that shingles were put on the market at a price which commanded trade but gave much less satisfaction, and many a farmer who could afford it replaced his cedar shingles with gal- vanized {ron in one form or another. Until recent years, however, a gal- vanized iron roof was a luxury, but the introduction of modern machinery has reduced the cost of galvanizing to a minimum and it is now possible to get a substantial and almost everlasting roof in the form of metal shingles at a very moderate cost. One feature of the Metal Shingle and Roofing is that it does not take an expert workman to apply it. Any un- skilled buyer with a moderate degree of adaptability, a pair of snips and a hammer can apply these up-to-date shingles as well as sheet roofings and siding. Probably the greatest virtue of the metal roof is that the risk from fire and lightning is minimized by its use. inducements in the way of reduced premiums to encourage the use of galvanized covering, as a building with such a roof, properly connected to the ground by a water spout or a wire contact, is proof against a lightning of seed from grain which is healthy, , followed by soaking - the seed five hours in cold water and then 10 min- Jia in water at 130 degrees Fahren- eit. It is most likely that the disease in your crop was stinking smut or Bunt. This attacks the young wheat seed- ling and the seeding parts or spores are carried in sacs which take the place of" the wheat kernels. Ex- perimental tests shows that the best method of killing Bunt or stinking smut is to immerse the seed 20 min- seus) Impaction of the Colon'may be pre: sent for some time without marked then slight, colicky pains. o L es, pressing croup solid object, little or no passages of faces, a general fullness of the right side of the abdomen, are er symptoms. \Wlive a purgative, follow by 2-dram 'doses of nux vomica 8 times daily, feed bran only. ive rectal tions. If be well marked give 2 drams solid extract of belladonna. Oats is the principal grain , for horses, but a little bran or Gil cake might profitably be added to put the horse in condition. Boiled oats might be fed occasionally, and care must be taken not to overfeed on hay. Don't buy a field implement without a spring seat. Why? Because if you come in leg-weary from the field the chances are the horses will not get the 'attention they should have in the way i grooming after a dusty day in the sun. : ~_ Cribbing fis a vice that is hard to be kept in a box stall without mangers | lime in the soil . +. Onour farm we give the alfalfa meadows a heavy dressing of phosphorus (phos- phere acid, and this practice pays well." If the alfalfa field is fairly heavy soil and it appears to be pretty close- ly compacted, it would greatly help the alfalfa to work the field by har- rowing with the teeth of the harrow turned back so as not to tear the plants out. This also would stir up a soil mulch and help retain the wa- ter that is so necessary to big crops. @ Charcoal sharpens a hens grinders, The colder the day the more corn needed. - "A salad of chopped cabbage puts a good keen edge on the bird's appetite. If you can't get milk maybe you can get whey. It isn't quite up to the mark of milk, but it makes a fair sub- stitute. 0 Cracked corn should be sifted be- amount of meal saved will more than offset the labor. both quantity and quality of food, in order to build up good solid frames | growing stock. Don't let any cabbage or other roots go to waste. Tie a stout string around the roots of several eabbages, and hang them inthe hen-house so that the hens can just reach" them nicely. little or no difference how dusty the windows of the poultry houses But it is a fact that clean wind tend to health and happiness. That makes it worth while to clean the darkened windows often. \ When hens eat snow, somebody is not on his job. Water is what the If you have customers who like rich ey bors ul hoary Gat To . > some Plym ks or termina io New Pumping Device. New apparatus for filling a bile tires with alr automatically cuts off the supply when the overinflation : point is reached. : The women of the Philippines make fore being fed to the poultry;> the Growth and development require and give strength and vitality to 'the THE SUNDAY SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL LESSON MARCH 11. Lesson X. Jesus The Bread Of Life. --John. 22-40. Golden Text--John 6. 85. Verse 24. Capernaum--It does not say that they found him there. In verse 17 the ultimate objective is Caper- naum, but Mark expressly says they aimed at Bethsaida, and then finally that they crossed to "Gennesaret." So here it is said vaguely they found him on the other side. 26. In the dialogues of this Gospel we regularly find Jesus going direct- ly for the thought behind the words. 27. Pe ompare Col. 2. 22. Son of man, as elsewhere, recalls his ultimate function as Judge. of men. ; These Kiddies Depend This group of refugees is. typical of the bulk of the Belgian people to-day. Their faces show pitiably the hard- ships they have undergone in the last two years. en Most pathetic of all are the children. Thanks to the splendid work of unsel- fish philanthropists, they are being fed well. But apart from this there is little that can be done for them. It is impossible, for instance, to supply them with homes, or with those use- less but delightful gifts that charact- eriz¢ the holidays in more fortunate Jands. Least of all can these chil- dren know the joy that comes of mak- ing such y urely in these circumstances the least the people of the British Empire oz af aE TY Ve al hl T TTL TE AIRBAG RPL | 2 ROOFING FARM BUILDINGS Cedar Shingle, Standby of a Past Generation, Giving Place _ to Lightning-Proof, Spark-Resisting Metal. By W. E. Clark bolt, and burning embers from another fire can do it no damage. Metal shingles are light in weight. While wooden shingles average about 260 I to the 100 sq. ft. slate about 600 Mm, a first-class Metal Roof does not average 100 Ib., thereby lessening the needed strength of the superstruc- ture and trusses. Then, too, heavy and wet snow will not remain on slop- ing metal roofs, whereas it attaches it- self to wooden shingles as readily as plaster does to lathing, and this snow load averages sometimes 60 Ib. to the square foot. it | 7 | ll ii ow I ml When speaking of durability of a metal roof, galvanized materials only are referred to. Farmers in this coun- try, nearly twenty years ago, applied painted roofing, and the repainting of this roofing, which in some cases should have been an annual affair, was neglected, and the consequence was that corrosion set in, and the roofs rapidly deteriorated, but this is not tse case with Galvanized Roofing. In the rural districts, where sulphurous acid gases are not prevalent, a Galvanized Roof made of good material and pro- Tm oral XD MN perly applied should give satisfaction for half a century at least. In the march of progress a rapidly growing number of farmers, recogniz- ing the merits of metal, are now adopt- ning and decay, many forms of sheet metal products, such as metal roof- etc, thus reducing risk as well as maintenance cost, He will judge us then according to our treatment of his offers now. Seal- ed--As his complete Representative. The seal was the mark of ownership. 28. This verse and verse 29 sum- marize the New Testament doctrine of justification by faith, the recovery of which made the Reformation: In every religion men "slide into the treason" of thinking they can accumu- late merit and claim God's supreme blessing of right. . That is like ty- ing apples on the boughs of a dead tree. What God wants is life, and that comes from the surrender of trust in Christ. 80. That the Jews were always seeking for a sign we know from many sources. On this occasion the demand seems, purely stupid, when following a sign so much like that of the manna that they quote. It comes apparently from that half-witted con- servatism that gives the past a sort of ex officio transcendence, and can-| not imagine God hmselif outdoing his former deeds. 81. Written--In Psa. 78. 24. Upon You For Milk. can do is to see that the Belgians and their babies are fed. And this they have been doing. British, Canadians and Americans have responded nobly to the call, and have kept alive the na. tion that saved them from the Ger- mans, whi In full confidence that they will con- tinue their generous gifts the Bel- gian Relief Committee is reminding us that every day of the year as long as the Germans are in Belgium it is necessary that food be supplied to the grown-ups and the kiddies of this stricken land. Contributions for this purpose may be sent to the Central Belgian Relief Committee, 59 St. Peter Street, Montreal, or to the local [ona i 4 Mothers and daughters department. ~ of all ages are cord! Initials only will be published w " be, lally Invited to write to this each question and Its" answer fs a means of identification but full name and address must be given in each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will bs mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelcpe is enclosed: Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 78 Castle Frank Road, Toronto. Mrs. F., M.:--1. If. lemons and oranges are placed in boiling water or in a hot oven for five minutes before squeezing the juice can be easily ex- ing causes: (a) insufficient sleep; (b) the poisonous influence of stale air in the bedroom; (c¢) a late and heavy supper; (d) general nervous condition. Remedies for the first three are For the fourth it is usually' tracted. 2. Vegetables should not be obvious. served in individual side dishes, but sufficient to rise promptly, to dress should be placed on the dinner plate briskly, thereby improving the circula.! with the meat. 8. A child's Tam tion, and to take a nourishing break-' o' Sharnter hat after being washed fast. 2, To gain weight, eat raw should be stretched over a dinner eggs and milk, cream, rice, cereals, plate to prevent it from shrinking and | olive oil and grape juice, butter and losing shape. 4. Cornstarch added | starchy vegetables. to the flour for pie crust will make it} a a R..--1. Towels which are to more flaky. If you are using pastry | be given to a prospective bride should ing, as a safeguard against fire, light~| ings, sidings, ventilators, silo covers,' flour add one tablespoon to every cup of flour; if ordinary flour add two tablespoons to every cup. 6. The task of washing the family handker-| chiefs is easy according to the follow- ing method: In a vessel containing at least two gallons of warm water, | put four heaping tablespoons of any! good soap or powder dissolved and one tablespoon coal oil. Plunge soil- ed handkerchiefs into this and bring slowly to a boil, then put them into clean strong suds and very little rub- | bing either by hand or machine will | make them snowy white. 6. Colored clothes should be ironed on the wrong side. 7. Boil a slice of raw potato | in fat which has been scorched or has | a burned taste and the flavor will be! restored. 8. Sprinkle starched clothes with warm water to make them stiffer. | F. R. E.:--1. If you wake tired it | is probably due to one of the follow-| | be embroidered with the initials of her maiden name, not that of her prosfec. tive husband," 2. Nothing you could give your college friend would be more highly appreciated than a knit of crocheted set of afghan and-pillow in the university colors for the inevitable college couch. A pennon made of felt in the colors is also most accept- able. G. H.:--1, David Lloyd George was born in Manchester, England, in 1863, of Welsh parentage. His father, a poor and invalid schoolmaster, died in early manhood, and David was brought up in humble circumstances by an uncle in Wales. 2, To venti~ late a room without draughts, take an old window screen, stretch thin mus- lin or cheese-cloth across it and tack it in place, and put it in a window ase you would a fly-screen. 3. A secre- tary "pro tempore" is a secretary "for the time being." ee rR 82, Giveth--Is offering you now. | @ only one that com- | True bread--Th pletely satisfies the name. The | manna wag only partially so, for those | who ate it hungered again. 83. The World--As in John 3. 16: | the essence of the gift is that it has| [ no limit of race or time. | 84. The appeal is to be composed with that of the Samaritan women in John 4. 16. Here it seems that a | real, though blind desire, for the hea- venly gift went wih ineradicable pre- judices that made it impossible for them to receive it: verse 30 is enough to prove it. 86. This is the converse of John 20. 29. Yet is not in the Greck either here or there. : 87. The form of this verse is one often found in this Gospel; see John 17. 24, where the American Revision "has put the true translation in the margin. The objects of redemption are first brought together into a unity, and when distributed as individuals. Our doctrine of the church will come from the careful consideration of these passages. The Father giveth --The thought is developed in Rom, 8, 29, 30. Such statements seem to leave no room for human free will, which is authoritatively asserted by our own consciences, and set forth by Paul in the same breath with the complement- | ary truth, Phil. 2, 12, 18. The doctrine of God's immanence wi]l solve the spe- culative problem, so far as our finite intelligence can solve it here. fact is what matters most: to hear his call, and the son will never reject them. Cleeslts™ Don't give the ewes corn. Corn makes them feverish and inflames the udders. Inflamed udders are a had thing at lambing time. Neither crowd nor pinch the sheep in fodder. An unruly ram is a good candidate for the meat shop. A ewe that' is soon to yean should not be too fleshy. If your neighbor keeps sheep of the same breed as yours, be sure to have yours marked. Sheep will break out sometimes, and if two flocks become mixed it is a hard matter to divide them. The right kind of sheep in a neigh- borhood where there are the right kind of dogs ought to be a winning proposition. Unfortunately opinions differ as to dogs. Silage is sometimes fed in small quantities to sheep with fairly good results. Be sure the silage is of good quality, not moldy or soured. Start on a very small quantity daily and gradually increase. Start giving a pound or two to each matured sheep daily. Pregnant ewes have been fed up to four pounds or four and one- half pounds daily with no bad results. Of course, clover hay and a few oats and if possible a few roots should be fed as well. Be sure the silage is good. Under no circumstances feed sheep spoiled silage. sm mel sisnceamet Czar's Soldiers in France. The correspondent of the London Chronicle with the French armies, re- cently visited the fighting front held by the Russian soldiers. Most of these men come from the Siberian regiments and for the main part are of the peasant class, warm, simple na- tures, but good fighters. The Rus- sian {front resembles closely the neigh- boring lines held by the French troops and is held just as tightly as the Huns { offices in each community or district. ¥ know to their sorrow. few ! should be taken at all times to have The | God | "gives" to his son all who are willing OHoosO) The disposition of a brood sow goes d long way in making her a profitable dam. There was a noticeable decrease last year in 'the number of deaths from hog cholera in places where it was long prevalent. We Buspect that a closer attention to sanitation had a great deal to do with the change. Milk, shorts, and finely-ground oats muoke the best feed for young pigs, and very little is required the first weeks after weaning. Care the pigs clean up the feed in the trough after every meal. The feed- er must use his judgment as to the amount, of grain to feed. Mixed grains makes very suitable feed for hogs, and, as a rule, the yield is slightly higher than when these crops are grown separately. It may be necessary towards the end of the feeding period to add a little more bar- ley or corn to the ration. Rape is an excellent pasture crop for hogs. Alfalfa also gives excellent results and is considered onc of the best perennial pastures. Sweet cloy- er is sometimes grown, but it is advis- able to pasture it the first year. ee Af em N72 Ve ak, Sometimes a cow is uneasy, steps or moves or even kicks when being milk- ed. See if there are stray hairs on the udder that are being pulled. Re- move them by the use of shears and note if the cow is more quiet. Don't neglect to have the box stalls ready for the cows that are to calve in the early spring. "Lest we forget" let me again urge that if the stables are not quite warm enough, blanket the new-born calf. Pieces of old wool blankets washed clean are just the thing. This is im- portant. These blankets are easy to make. [Fasten them by strings tied at the neck, around each. hin leg, and under the belly by the fore legs. i} As the calf grows these strings can be let out, My calves have grown and worn these blankets until "they were a mere patch on their backs. "The dairy cow," says Profegsor Dean, "will help the farmer solve the labor problem by furnishing remuner- ative labor all the year round, on high priced land we can see no other solu- tion of the labor difficulties on farms." ------ oo ts ttn Not His Fault, The family were going to a pienie, and Howard had been dressed first and told to sit on the porch until the rest were ready. Soon afterwards his mo- ther discovered him playing in the dirt, with his clean clothes hopelessly' ruined. After the painful scene which followed he was deposited forci- bly on a chair and asked if he did not remember he had been told to stay on the porch and keep clean. "Yes," he sobbed, "but why didn't you tell some- body to watch me?" is tke most the China's Grand Canal wonderful artificial waterway in world. It is over 200 miles long. He was an old darky. He wore no overcoat, and the icy wind twisted his body. "Wind," he demanded whimsi cally, "whar wuz goo dis time las' Tilp ph | threadbare clothes about his shriveled