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thought and attentioh. The feeding of such a ration, as will supply her demands for energy, and in addition allow ample nourishment for the de- velopment of the foal, both before and "for a short time after birth, together with such a regulation of the work as will protect the mare from becom- ing tired, overheated, or injured in any way, is the whole thing in a nutshell. You can accomplish this, and will experience little or no difficulty in managing brood mares before, during, . or after parturition. There is no sec- ret in raising colts further than the feeding of a moderate amount of nu- tritious food and providing sufficient exercise to keep the mare and foal in perfect health. Moderate work is not only harm- less, but it is an advantage to mares in foal, provided proper care be taken not to overload them. It is much bet- ter than to keep them tied in the stable, for in that case they suffer for want of exercise. Contrary to the popular opinion, moderate work is better for brood mares than to permit them to run at large in the fields, where they are exposed to accidents resulting from racing, playing, or fighting. Pregnant mates are usually quarrelsome, and "abortion frequently occurs from in- juries received from other horses. If proper care is taken, you can use the mare safely at the ordinary work of the farm up to the day of foaling. As foaling time approaches it ig' im- portant that the work be not heavy or the pace rapid, The mare should not be fretted by other horses or by rough, inexperienced hands, The food for the mare in foal is of great importance, and the quality of the ration is of as much importance as the quantity. Fat production is to be avoided, and the formation of blood, muscle, and bone induced. Foods rich in protein and ash, such as oats, bran, clover, and alfalfa, are preferred to starchy foods, such as corn and timothy hay. A good ration for the mare at this time is: Four parts ground oats, four parts wheat hran or .its equivalent, and one part of linseed meal, with bright clover and: alfglfa hay for roughage. occasionally. The ration. of the mare should be! reduced just before and a: short time after foaling, and- made more laxa- tive by the addition of a succulent food, as carrots or an occasional bran mash. This should be continued until the mare and foal recover from the ordeal incident to birth. The mare carries her- foal about eleven months, or, more accurately , If this ration proves too laxative, discard the linseed meal, or, If too constipating, give bran mash | 840 days, although it may vary ry goat days from the time of service, while older mares have gone 400 days and given birth to living foals. The state-| ment that male foals are carried Tong- er than female foals lacks confirma- tion. Because of the uncertainty of the period, the mare should be watch- ed closely from the tenth month until parturition. Place her in a large, 'well-lighted, well-ventilated box stall free from projections on which she may injure herself or the foal, and in a quiet section of the barn. 16 is im- portant that this stall he thoroughly clean and freshly bedded. Itds a good plan to scatter a little lime about the floor before the bedding is put down,| to make things sanitary. There are certain signs of the near approach of parturition that rarely fail. © The udder may become much distended some time before foaling, but ! the teats seldom fill out plump to-the end more than four or five days before|- the foal is born." By many persons] | the appearance of wax on the ends of the teats is considered a certain sign. earlier than forty-eight hours before the foal comes. In some cases, how- ever, the teats may discharge a watery [fluid for days before the mare foals. About a week or ten days before foal- ing there is a marked shrinking or falling away of the muscular parts at the top of the buttocks and back of the hips. On the other hand, occasion- ally a mare may give birth to a foal without any of these signs. When birth is normal, let both mare and foal alone, as they will come through all right. In normal presen- tation the forefeet appear first, with the bottom of the. hoofs down, and then the nose. It is well to have i someone near by to render assistance lig needed, but the mare should not | know of his presence. The navel cord of the foal should be disinfected at once. To do this, some persons use a saturated solution of boric acid, and then dust the cord with boracic acid powder, When birth is difficult, or if there is an abnormal presentation, a veter- inarian should be summoned at once, as difficult parturition is likely to prove fatal to the foal. - When birth is norfaal, the mare will usually tend the foal, fhough it 'may be necessary to- aid him to get the first meal. When the mare has rested; offer her a drink of gruel made from a pound of fine oil meal in half a bucket of water from which the chill has been taken. The mare should be given a few days' rest, though she should be exercised after the first few days, particularly if she has been at moderate work up to the time" of foal- ing. If all is well, the mare may be put to moderate work the ninth day after foaling. | "THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON JUNE 6TH. Baul"s Failure, I Samuel 15. Golden Text--I Sam. 15: 26. 1-9. "The Lord gent me to anoint thee," Samuel reminds Sdul that he had been' chosen and set apart for his high office by God, and that therefore he should obey the voice of God as spoken 'by His prophet. Behind and over all, Samuel believed, was 'the authority, the power of God, the in- visible King, whose spokesman he wasi| There had already been a breach he- tween Saul 'and the old prophet, when Saul had acted upon his own. initiative paratory to setting out with army against the Philistines, ri must be remembered that' the Amale- kites, whose home was in the wilder- ness south of Palestine, were mar- auders and robbers, and no doubt richly deserved the punishment which they received. 10-12. "It repenteth me." In the simple and almost childlike way of thinking of that primitive age, God is 'represented as being sorry for what He had done. It had been His will that Saul should do well; but he is turning out badly. Samuel himself feéls very badly about iit. He, too. had desired and hoped great things from the king he had chosen. 13-21. Samuel came to 'Saul. The king was «returning victorious from the destruction 'of the Amalekite 'tribes. He had set up a monument, as oral of his victory, at Carmel, south of Hebron, and had then gone to. Gilgal, the ancient sanctuary the Jordan valley, where his kingdc had been formally ratified and Sp urated in a representative assembly I's friendly greetin, 1 i. declaration that in offering sacrifice and DIYer pre- a the people (11: 14-15). not waited for Samuel's presence 'an . sanction (18: 8-14). Samuel now gives | Li him another chance, and commands | him in the name of the Lord to "go and smite Amalek." It seems - should chafe under the old. He % was a soldier, a who' h *) that Saul |' | dictation by This generally appears not] ly. eithér way. Fillies have been known | 0113 | to drop perfectly healthy foals at 300 05g things itis ET n to gee that inworking and saving. you do not work so hard that find yourselves unable "get pleasure out of "spending and boy ing time." One of the most Important pai! points | to watch is your wife's health, because that affects not only her, but Slap children she bears you. So I'am go- ing to tell you something : about 'what child-bearing means: to your wife, and | some of the simple precautions you can take to see that she comes out of her child-bearing experiefice strong, and) well, with strong, healthy Hil dren, "The records show that. there are 'constantly in our midst more thad 185,500 brand-new babies. Now what live? How many die? What permits them to live, and what kills those who die? Improper care of the mother be« fore the baby is born kills: many of them. Improper care of the bal after it is~born kills its share. The first cause mentioned kills hundreds of the mothers, too. Hundreds of mothers and babies die, or lve miserably all their lives, from causes which proper care would prevent, The power to supply this care is often in your hands, as the man of the house. I hope to-show you why and how this is so. It is.a fact that each year 24,000 children under five dié in Canada largely from preventable causes. The number of babies out of each thousand born alive who die before they are a year old has been called the most sensitive index of our social! well'being. As' the mercury in the thermometer rises and falls with the changes in temperature, so the baby death rate goes up or down according to the living conditions of the families. There are three principal causes of infant deaths: First the natal and pre- natal causes, or those which are due to bad conditions surrounding the x baby. The second largest number. 6 deaths are due to gastri¢ and intestin: al diseases, and the third, to infectious diseages, largely bronchitis and pneu« monia, More than three-fourths of the deaths during the first month of life are related to the mother's con- dition before the child was born. Yel the actual loss of infant life in thé first month shows as yet no decrease from year to year. On the other hand, deaths from gastric and intestinal dis- eases during the later months of life are decreasing. A great many young mothers still lay down their lives, needlessly, in the performance of their most important] function--the carrying on of the race. More than 1,200 women thus are cut off every year at the moment of their highest usefulness, leaving a trail of broken households and sorrowful chil- dren, Since the discovery, about the mid- dle, of the nineteenth century, that disease is 'conveyed by germs, and; may 'thus 'be carried from one pers] son to another, and, later, that th activity of germs may be destroyed ho disinfection, the work of surgeons an physicians has been completely revos lutionized. The ' most fatal complication of childbirth is childbed: fever, 0 or puer- peral sepsis. This meant in former times the certain death of many you mothers, Since th mentioned, only one fas "compared with happens to them? How many of them}. by | feeding, illness or neglect of women might not without this care. P 6. Increase the sum total of Sanity happiness and welfare beyond all eal culation. the 'Surely that is worth buying in the open market! The sun and substance of the whole Fr sie or wi fr 'matter of infant and maternal mortal- especially mice, courteous. thing ity is, then, education and more educa- oy » and see if her attitude. does. not seem oe gh tion. © vel Let us Took' at the modern methods of preventing this unnecessary loss of young mothers and babies. We shall cut down the peak of deaths in the first month of life, deaths caused in great part by the overwork, under-| 1, othérlass girl it is hard, isn't it? But just think how many wonder- ful people in the world have struggled for an education and how the discip- line they got gave them the qualities that really made them great. Could you not have a talk with your minister | and enlist his sympathies? = Undecided: Your question, "Shall 1 go to werk?" is one which at your age almost every girl has pondered Er Be in more care-- ich, than rE had never "worked. To every girl her first money looks. very big--impossible to spend because she has always illed upon the strings of another poe! k a little at a time and never: ais et how niuch it really .amounted to. But when she begins to spend her own mioney, she is astounded that so much: can go 86. and at last eome to a decision one way | quickly; that the' little 'things can eat - or the other. Just out of school, with! so heavily into the dollars," Depending several fields open to her, it 7 not upon this money which comes from easy for a girl to decide whether she labor it ix not long before she appre- will be a stay-at-home waiting for | c.ates the value of a new hat, a pair, of during "pregnancy, leading to still- births, premature births, or babies born too 'weak to: survive, by the in- sistence 'upon better care of prospec- tive and actual mothers. At the same time we shall cut down the appalling mass of maternal deaths. This means that husbands and fathers and mothers themselves, must recog- nize the fact' that while pregnancy is a normal 'physiological condition, through 'which thousands of women pass without mishap every. year, every woman pregnant should be put under mother before or at the birth of the the care of a good physician as early as possible in pregnancy. Especially important is it that wo- men pregnant for the first time, and women who have had any form of trouble at previous confinements, should be under a doctor's care during he should be able to advise wisely re- tient will require at childbirth. For the average healthy mother a of well-cooked and nourishing food; plenty of 'sleep at night, and some or rest out of doors; a bath every day; be relieved from burdensome works; that, if she is out of health, she hould have teeth should be put in order, and in| things sound a little too ideal perhaps pregnancy. After the early months garding later care, and decide what particular attention, if any, the pa- ' simple routine of. personal hygiene should be made possible; This means that. she should have a plentiful diet rest every day; plenty of fresh air, night and day, summer and winter; gome out-of-door exercise every day, comfortable "clothing; freedom from worry and trouble, and some quiet re- creation. It also means that she should y treatment; her every. way. she should be helped to make it possible to bring a healthy baby into the world, and come through it' with flying colors herself. These marriage, as perhaps her mother did. before her, or go out into the business world and find something to do which will bring her a livable salary and make her gindependent of the home support. It used to be that a girl lost some- thing of her womanliness when she went out into the world as a worker and she did 'not enjoy the. same ad- miration and respect as the home girl. of the working girl to-day is equal tol that of any 'other girl, so far as she The mere fact that she is employed has nothing to do with her reputation, A famous lawyer was once asked what he thought about girls going out to work, including the. girls of the who must support themselves. 'Without hesitation the lawyer replied that if every 'girl would 'go to work and de- pend entirely upon the salary which she earns, there would be less of crime and of petty lawsuits and fewer un- happy marriages. This. esti a strong | But that day has gone, and the status makes it so by her mianner of living: well-to-do as well as. those daughters silk stockings, a dress, and buys moré 'intelligently, for she knows that a foolish purchase means the depriva- tion of something 'really nscessary. | All this tends to make the girl keener of mind so that she is quite apt to ba. able to advise and help her husband toward better things. Whether she marries or not, a girl needs the training she gets out in the working world. There are stated hours, stated tasks, unusual experienc- es and the meeting 'with all types of people which is an education in itself, Thig-is just as much a part of her education as the schooling she has: just received. It is a puttin i is practice much that she ~ "leary theory. ~ And' theory without p amounts to very little. Suppose you try it for a time, Une 'decided. Go out and earn your living --mingle with people=--put yourself to' the test 'and try your mettle. Start out with the idea of making a com- plete success as a business girl; the experience will help you all through. be whabies may not have known that even a breast-fed baby may be made ill if he is overfed or nursed irregularly. There is one more thing about coun- Wiis ave een al 10 arse thelr race of 5 fhe GPs ern &| rural districts before they have finish- nis. | gts ih on the high Stestinies of our makings ft possible in: BLA , bo do this. to the busy farm mother and father, but they are not impossible, and must be judged not by their present cost but by their future value. In the great majority of cases they will repay it a thousandfold. It is interesting to note that a larg- er proportion: of babies die in the| ®d" try babies: They should certainly not|¥ be denied plenty of fresh 'air. ~With| can a very little thought and trouble the| ti babies in the country can live 1a in the|' open- air- hearly. the year. around.| Sleeping porches shold be part « tof the equipment of every country home, and properly protected hes: 2 paradise for the, baby of the year, The education of wiothiers" in. the 74 care and feeding of their babies, an 1] in protecting them against illng . i| could be carried on in various ways | Vie throughout the country. ik and demonstrations on in-|: electricgerne - over: 3 a coal supply ig transmitting energy! instead of uel to the point of consump. 'ed the first month of life, than in the cities of our land. Very possibly he effects of toilsome work which women have to do on the lia, for supplying the, "The field of brown. ediatély 1s In the best hospitals and priva practice it is considered almost a dis- ; grace 'to lose a patient from this cause, |