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newspaper in place the reel knives and the ¢ until the reel spins yet cuts the paper. Be sure are adjusted equally. Try -puper at two-inch intervals the length of the hed LH if synagogue amo th ves. wag a city in trica. Alex- andria was in Egypt. Cilicia and Asia were provinces in Asia Minor. In all these places there were many Jews and in Jerusalem there were many who Jay rturned from these their gue in Dispu ting with truth of the gospel preached, and chiefly the Messiahship of Jesus, which was the crucial truth, Vs. 10, 11. Were not able to resist. Stephen's natural abilities were rein- me. BHiet sihesstty Juia & a me jhe uibbling opponents. suborn, vg When they cannot overthrow, _ plot against , hey Do 1 i procuring fa be gainst RE They follow the same policy as was used against Jesus. We have heard him speak blas- . His "were we charge stated ,- that he - ken gted the Temple, only meant t , had taught that God's was not confined to 'emple. : Vs. 1916. They stirred up the peo- e. The common people | in be greatly e temple. They would moved by any word sald against d not stop to examine into truth of the char, Brought him the council; the Sanhedrin, com 7 posed of, seventy-one members, which _ dealt with matters of Jewish religion. All looked at him steadfastly, waiting for him to speak his words of defence. Face of an angel: Instead of beholding 'a man with anxiety and fear upon his face, courage, Face, faith, beauty of character all shone upon his counten- ance. Amid the scowling faces . was one radiant one, the to 5 places tion and love of regarding 1 which he | fin forced by the gift of the Spirit. His; d| we sum it up in his|it is faith in 2% 25 | Int: i $E8 Le i sin [3 to ir ih og Fg . APPLICATION. ; 1 the admira- Stephen had sure] Ag ric y 'when the historian of those first Such things of him as we could sa g rized as "a sing full of faith and 9 or § y 'has truly said, wi h@Now Tesament ve find ourselves in the presence of a glowing religious hfe. is nothing in the world which offérs any real parallel either to this life, or to the collectior of books which attests it. The soul, which in contemporary literature is bonnd in shallows and in miseries, is here raised tidal wave of 3 ee Christ e is n rigt. coress a =a faith which owes to him all that is racterigtic in. it, all that distin. shes it from what is elsewhere among men by Saat name." These brief tributes t Luke pays to Stephen su t that Flowing reli- ous life"--faith' in through iy Spin conscious fellowship of the Holy Spirit, giving wisdom and power, a beautiful spirit, and "the assurance of victory." That glowing religious life revealed itself in many ways, in his zeal and Sourage and powsrful 'and wonderful forgiving spirit, but it also showed itself in his very countenance. "All that sat in the coun- i 'steadfastly on him, saw his face as it had been the pp : uty of the Lord is upon them Him. 4He Fa Jah Es face nf an y an of that are possessed by y | beautify the meek with salva- ; SHEEP - ~~ Sheep, more than any other class 'of farm animals, are benefited by frequent changes of pasture. When one pasture continuously they g erin Botton very closely; fat 0 parts grazed should have a e to rocever. The same amount re will give much better re- when divided into two or riore lds, alternately. Quick, uninterrupted growth from birth to marketing is absolutely neces- sary for well finished profitable lambs. Breeding stock, whether ewes or ram Frowing. While and the ewes parasites. At this time the ram lambs should be separated from the ewe lambs and wethers. All uncastrated male lambs not intended for breeding purposes should be disposed of at once. After August, bucks develop an odor and strong taste. This spoils the ap- petite for lamb, and decreases con- sumption. As a result the market be- comes glutted and prices fall. This can be avoided by castrating all market ram lambs in the spring or by selling the bucks early in the summer. ram lambs intended for breeding pur- poses should be put on a fresh separ- ate pasture, either clover. aftermath, oats and peas; or rape, and given one- half pound of grain per day. The ewe lambs and wethers may be given the same treatment. : OU! high for my wagon. The| agencies. After lightning and the hu- 'more sanitary. Poultry confined to yards where there is no natural shade from the hot rays of the sun, should be provided with shelter of some sort; sunflowers or artichokes planted in the yards and protected until they get a start, will provide most excellent shelter from the sun. Colony houses scattered through an orchard or corn- fleld make a desirable place for the growing stoc Filthy drinking vessels are the cause of a great many troubles in the yards. Plenty of pure drink-| water, which is kept in clean ves-| So in a sheltered place will benefit the stock to a large extent. Be sure that the young growing stock are well fed, to promote growth, and that they are given liberal range where there is abundance of green fed and also animal feed in the form of insects, worms, ete. Cull out the old stock that you do not intend to keep over for another year, and sell them early while the price is higher and while they are in good condition before they commence 10 moult. . A Handy Grain Wagon. Being short of help on the farm at threshing time, I found it necessary) to make a large box about four feet The bottom of this box was slanting at about a forty-five degree angle from the end and the left side, leaving the lowest part in the centre, in the sight side of the box. At this low part I have] an eight-inch hole with a sliding The sacking elevator on the thresh- er delivers the grain into the box, then when I get to the granary I place a chute from the window to the wagon, open the slide and in goes the grain. One man does it all and with no hard work.--John A. OL. The pawls are the small pieces of steel, usually flat or cylindrical, that "slide through the reel spindle and by engaging in the pinion gear gear is the small gear that engages the teeth on 'the inside of the wheel, {thus transmitting the power from ! wheel through pawls to reel. If your "machine has flat pawls, the chances are that the pinion gear is at fault; if cylindrical, the pawl. Normally the teeth of the pinion gear - are rounded or blunt; if sharp they will not properly mesh in the wheel teeth. New pinion gears cost very little and 'are easily installed. New pawls are ' even less expensive than pinion gears. if there is any doubt about the way in which either is functioning, a new part is the shortest cut out of the difficulty. It may be found that, due to some unusual strain, such as trying to cut a"stick or stone, the bed knife of a reel knife has become sprung. Such (2 condition is indicated by one reel knife or a part of the bed knife re- 'fusing to cut when all other reel 'knives or the remainder of the bed knife cut perfectly. If the springing "is not too great, it may be ground out at home. If very badly sprung, the mower should be sent to a repair man who has a machine constructed. to grind lawn mowers. Never try to file a lawn mower; your chances of suc- cess in the job are very small. 0. A. Co Berley Grown in the United States. Dr. C. A. Zavitz received a letter recently from Professor Moore of the Agricultural College of Wisconsin which contained the following inter- esting item: "Now practically all of the barley grown in Wisconsin and in many of our surrounding States eman- ated from the few pounds of barley which you so kindly sent us. We will never be able to get even for the good things you have done for us in bygone years." THE HIDDEN SOURCE OF FIRES Some Suggestions on { By H. H. At this season of the year a great many barn and building fires occur on the farm. Due to the isolated sition of many of these buildings, they. seem to furnish ready passage for lightning, so that lightning, as a cause of fires, is doubtless respon- sible for many of them. However, it is a fact that many of these fires, whose causes are obscure, cannot be accounted for in this way. The iso- lated position of these buildings would seem to make it easy to determine the causes of fires if started by human man element are taken into account there still remains a considerable pro- rortion in.which the causes are never fully determined or which must be put down as unknown. It is perhaps a matter of common knowledge that spontaneous combus- tion may be a possible cause of some of the fires which are recorded as "cause. unknown," Spontaneous combustion is the burn- ing of a material from heat generated within itself. It is well known that chemicals in combining produce heat. providing ly for all face to ' Re-j Users For example, a strong acid acting on a substance produces heat. The centre of a manure pile sometimes heats be- cause of the reaction taing place. Ma- Controlling Spontaneous Combustion. Mussleman 80 that it has little ventilation, holds heat, and especially if moisture is p , Spont: bustion is likely to occur. The other common substance in which spontaneous combustion may occur 'is hay. The real point of this 'drticle is to bring this question to the attention of those who may profit by giving it some thought. Hay is a material which under certain condi- tions, allows some circulation of air and it is at the same time a good heat insulator or holder, A bunch of wet hay in a mow when compressed may allow heat to generate faster than radiated with a consequent rise in temperature to the danger point. As pointed out by some who have ob- served these phenomena in cases where hay has heated badly but did not actually take fire, the hay may become sufficiently heated to char it or turn it into a brownish or grayish brittle 'mass. In some of these in- stances it may be possible that not enough oxygen is present to couse actu- al fire while in other cases actual Durning and flames occur. Whatever happens, it is a problem deserving some thought, © | Some authorities believe that the modern methods of hurrying hay into wy terials which absorb oxygen from the freely increase in temperature and : arices are sufficiently ex-' » and. yet with not £aposed to allow the , the temperature will A temperature favors chemical action and this! "in turn produces heat, Thus. the. in-| in temperature may reach the rning point of the sub-| ats radia- - | and, especially if rainy weather is en- the barn with the aid of the tedder, side-delivery rake and loader are part- ly responsible for the trouble. If such 'be the case, the difficulty lies not in the machines but in the methods of using them. With their use rapid curing of the hay, especially the, outer leaves and smaller twigs are quickly effected. The stalks of the; plants may contain much moisture countered, heating may result. when the. hay is put in the barn. Also in. sling in the mow with modern! ying equipment some areas are, packed and com ed while ose 1a] points may be others! he. ts for "cord. of| duced College. : ay In- addition to supplying humus cover crops have a very great value in that they utilize available soil nu- trients and carry them over in the plants in various organic compounds. For example, during the growing sea- son bacterial action makes nitrogen available, P| us and potash also become available slowly. To be condition. During the fall and early spring it is natural to expect that these fertilizer constituents will be leached out of the soil if they are not brought into an insoluble condition. Where a cover crop is grown gr is made in which these elements are stored up. The fertilizers are there- fore carried over till the next season and become quickly available as the plants decay down. As soon as the crop is harvested the cover crop should be used. It has been found that even as late as the last of October a crop of rye planted will The cover crop should be planted as soon as the last crop of the season is harvested. If the crop has been early vegetables and no other crop is to be harvested, a cover crop of oats and peas mixed is very suitable. It is used at the rate of ten pecks to the acre (7 pecks oats and 8 pecks peas). This by fall forms a dense growth which should be plowed down as late as pos- sible. If the crop, however, has to stay in the ground over winter, win- r rye does best. This should be ( planted at the rate of 2% to 8 bushels per acre and is better spread broad- cast than drilled and usually may be left until early spring or until the ground is needed for the next crop. The roots of rye tend to make a fine mechanical condition in the soil. How- ever, it should not be allowed to grow too long in the spring as it makes very vigorous growth and might tend to leave the soil too open and porous when plowed under. Wherever possible a cover crop should be sown as soon as possible after the preceding crop has been harvested. It is estimated that a good cover crop equals in value fifteen tons of manure. A grower cannot afford to waste this opportunity for food conservation and humus growth. Even where early vegetables are to be grown the following season it some- times pays to leave the cover crdp over winter, to hold readily available soil fertility. GREEN FEED TO SUPPLEMENT PASTURE. The three great factors affecting our dairy industry are: (1) The man who cares for the dairy cow. (2) The kind of cow maintained. (8) The feed supplied. It is the last mentioned which will be dealt with principally here. available they must be in a soluble provide a good growth by early spring. | found impossil milk flow without supplementing the pasture with either concentrates or | green feed of some nature. Mill feeds are too expensive to feed heavily | throughout the entire season, and {they reduce the profits unnecessarily. Select a small fleld as near the stable as > ! worked early in the spring. Sow it with oats, peas and vetch at the rate | of 8 bushels per acre mixed in the fol- "lowing proportion: Banner and Gold Rain oats, 1% bushels; Gold Vine peas, % bushel; vetch, % bushel. Apply nitrate of soda at the rate of owth| 100 to 160 pounds per acre, to stimu-| late growth. The amount of green feed required depends largely on the kind of pas- {ture available, Under average condi- tions, from 20 to 80 pounds of green feed per cow per day will carry the herd over the dry period in reasonably good condition, For a herd of ten cows, one should have at least 260 pounds of green feed per day, avail- able from the middle of July until the | middle of September. In other words, it would require about 13 tons of | green feed for the season. Under av- 'erage conditions, this amount should be obtained from 1% to 2 acres of | well-tilled land. In order to have this available at | the right stage for feeding during the ! entire period, it should be sown at | intervals of three weeks. For instance, the first half-acre should be sown as early in May as possible; the second half should be sown three weeks later; and so on until the area is all sown. Our experience in providing green { feed for the dairy herd at the Experi- mental Farm, Nappan, has been that by growing four acres of green feed we can carry fifty head of dairy cows through the season in reasonably good condition on twenty-five acres of pas- ture (twenty acres of this is rough pasture and very poor, providing very little more nourishment than the five acres of good pasture). Furthermore, the meal ration was cut from an av- erage of 9.2 pounds per day to an ing of 9 cents per head per day. A dairy cow may have inherited all the| qualities Four ancestors as a pro-| ducer, but unless she is supplied with; of raw material to manufacture milk, | she will remain an unprofitable .cow; therefore a supplement of these dried- | up and poor pastures must be pro- vided. { The growing of oats, peas and vetch as a supplement to these poor pas- tures is rapidly becoming recognized as the most economical method of sup- plying an abundance of succulent, palatable feed, rich in protein and carbohydrates, which are essential to! the maintenance of good strong, heal-| thy cows whieh will be money makers] and not money losers. | Waterproof Dams. Years ago on the home ranch we used to build a good many earth dams across ravines and canons to retain rain water for the stock. The dams were not permanent as a rule, though they were usually built high enough to prevent any overflow. In fact, the greatest trouble came from slow but constant seepage of the pent-up water along the surface of the original ground. No matter how well the fill was tamped the union between the fill and old ground was not quite complete. The water would work its way through, weaken a layer, Using the Blower. | Here is my idea of handling grain. First thresh: the grain right into a triple wagon box and scoop it into the, granary and save all of that heavy, carrying of it in sacks as most every- body: does. | But the best way is to thresh the; grain right into the wagon box. Then have a grain dump or blower that can be run with a gas engine of about three and one-half to four horsepower. The dump can be run with a team| also. This method of handling any, kind of grain does away with so much| hand labor, and two or three men with | then, without warning, a tiny rivulet would appear on the lower side, grow | puts out and can put the grain right! go to the L larger, and finally crumple the whole dam before it was borne down the! gulley on the crest of the flood water. | Had we then known of a simple, trick in the construction of these dikes. it is safe to surmise that each dam 'would have lasted for a number of years. This trick involves the corru- gating of the old ground surface with a plow or spade on the line the dam is to take. When the dam has been built, no water will seek its way along] this line any quicker than through any other portion of the dam.--D. R. V. H. ----------pemere-- . A Gate Attachment. An attachment that will always keep the garden gate closed consists of a wooden pulley fastened to the the gate near the post to which A strong two teams can handle all a thresher where you want it.--B. L. | There is a Difference. The other day a city friend went to a farmers' picnic with me. He enjoy-| ed himself a lot and said to me that he did not think there was the big difference between the farmer and city man there used to be. I told him that I thought the auto and modern mer-! chandizing helped to equalize things in some ways, but I thought there stil was a difference. In the country we, have plenty of wholesomeness 'and, hard times, while in the city they' have lots of money and vice. So take your choice--F. W. grin possible, and which may be D a sufficient amount of the right kinds] "cold | American apples was prepared for that occasion, which involved the plac- ping them to France in | ships, placing them again in {age there, and withdrawing these | specimens of prize fruit from time ° | to time for exhibition purposes. It was found that barrels of apples, composed of samples from several | orchardists, showed variable keeping | qualities after having been removed | from storage, .some of the apples | scalding badly within a few days, | while others kept their fresh com- plexions very well. The reasons were investigated and it was found that though conditions of picking and storage had much to {do with the presence or absence of | scald, the: essential factor was still hidden. The matter was permited to rest for several years, however, as the (department's recommendations -- to pick apples only when well ripened, to store them at a temperature of | from 81 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit and | to use them as soon as possible after removal from storage--saved much of | the former loss. Continuing losses, however, callsed the question to be taken up again in '1915 by Charles | Brooks, of the U.S. Bureau of Plant | Industry. As 'the Fest of haustive investigation it now | probable that apple scald is due ta | substances which are present in the | perfume of the apple. These have a | corrosive effect upon the skin and in | extreme cases' upon the underlying' | tissue. They may be removed by thor. ough ventilation of the stored apples, average of 4.4 pounds, making a sav-| hut a cheaper and more efficient way {s to absorb them with oils or fats, Everybody knows what happens ta butter if it is placed alongside of on- ions or muskmelons, The volatilg sub- stances in the vegetable or fruit are absorbed by the butterfat, imparting to it a characteristic odor and taste. The same thing happens to butter or other fats or oils placed close to a box or barrel of apples in'storage, only in this case it removes from the apples the substances which not merely give them their fldvor, but. also cause the impairment of the skin which, when the apples are removed from storage, results in seald. Then it was found that these sub stances applied to stored apples would cause scald after: their removal from | storage.. These harmful substances are soluble in oils, and therefore the first remedy thought of was to apply the oil to the surface of the apple. This was effective in preventing facial blemishes, but, like some other come plexion aids, the remedy was as bad as the 6. The apples had a greasy look which did not: appeal to the buyer. It was then thought to apply the ofl to paper wrappers, and this method: has been tried out with great guccess, Put a hole jtove Pipe, in the granary wall to let the spout of the thresher go p "enough so the grain will : , few stove pip As it fills uj Mildrod wers inter ested recent. concert. plece bowed storage, dates back to the Paris | Exposition 'of 1000. An 'exhibit of . ing in storage of many Sample, Shige; oo in sever in ph