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they set. Rocky or gravelly soil 1 digging slower and more costly and makes it much less certain that can be transferred from one position to the other in good _condition. The soil of the fleld on hich they re to be pet ought also to starting an orchard in this way oa i'. sol-which, is. dry. snd. gravelly, for . even on the best soils trees have a figh to get enough moisture during : first serson. =k /Bécond. The varlety of tree is ap- parently very important. In our ex- perience McIntosh 'is particularly 'good, with Baldwin, Williams and + Wealthy following-in the order- nam- od, and the last one not very satis- Third. The age of the trees should be considered. Every year added to ten years reduces the feasibility of "the . The trees are larger, more costly to handle and recover less %%{money.. "We .were not: | busy on the farm that fall and every in s, a team of good : a t| one end of the row of trees which are to be pulled and go right down the row, using the next tree ahead as the stake to which to attach our tackle. One man drives the team and the other threo manage the tackle. . | As scon as one tree is pulled theso three men unhook the tackle from the last "stake tree" whose turn has now come to be pulled--arush the front end lof the tackle forward and fasten it with a short chain to the next tree as a stake, hitch the rear end ofthe tackle to the tree to be pulled, and by the tine the "hag brought his team around" everything is in Sheps for him and out comes the next By this method we have been able to pull from seventy-five to two hun- dred and fifty stumps in a ten-hour -day--pretty good progress. | Quilting Idle Hours Away We Cleared $200. It was in the autumn of 1922 when my mother and sisters and myself de- cided to try and. make some extra particularly] day brought several leisure hours. * We tried to think of something to uld{ 4, that was useful and pleasant and condition. ',« With thege points in mind we may found most satisfactory in mov- + such-trees; which is by the use of "of frozen soil about the roots. 'We dig around the tres in Novem- 1m <a trench about two feet in the trunk of the tree, and per- 8 two ard a half feet deep. We go until we are below the main and thon dig under the tree it can be rocked quite easily by branch. Then the trees el hread ........ Cloth Tprofit. ru... al | buying farm machinery. Some of the '| at the same time profitable, but not one of us could suggest anything of which the others approved. Dr ra paper. solved our problem. In: one issue we found designs for six lovely oid quiits. That put the quilting bee in our bonnets. We decided to take al! the-old scraps and remnants of cotton cloth that had accumulated for | the past 'ten years and make them into old-fashioned quilts. p ', Mother is 'an expert at quilting. She cut our patterns. The rest was easy. Here is our record so far: 26 quilts completed ......... $126.00 80 quilts not completed 76.00 4 quilts made for a neighbor 12.00 | Total value ............. $212.00 Expenses. ceereos $2.25 Cloth =... v0 Ll 00 "Total cost: ........ ! 12.00 +. $200.00 Won't Buy "Sight Unseen." k waa Nay have Jeorned to look intd are: } 'adjustment by levers ay other devices; 0 BY levers ind t-| heir Cultivation in Canada," eon Department of Agricuture have 'Hon. Lincoln Goldie, provincial secretary, who has announced a new and | varied meal system for use in Ontario penal Institutions: Ho says the old that jst was gait of the punishment has became obsolete. of the Colorado ormierly, otato Beetle. k 'Four members of the staff of the 1 on nd| Entomoigical' Branch of the Domin- fry Se to Fo vad To he mer ro | Cova potas bese in Canad Hiry were to be' "for 'the mere: trou- srado le in ada. CELE Ree ein Rig lls Pp ty and; Dominion 'ent st; R. F. r- in their wild state to such practical ham, assistant entomologist at Pred: ppearance as now to require their ericton, Li H. F. Hudson, a cultivation. Particularly ja this true, ant entomologist at Strathroy, iy of Seneca:snake-root and golden seal. and J. A. Flock. This monograpl Mr. Aduus, i dealing with this sub- | which is syed Bulletin No. 52, new ject, gives the common-sense advice series, and.can bo had free on ad- that unless a farmer can convince' dressing the Publications BranchyOt- himself that he can realize larger pro- tawa, shows that the beetle was first fits per acre from the growth of drug noticed at Windsor, Ont., in 1870, and plants thai front' the usual farm pro singe then Kas Bpréad pretty well all ducts he would be unwise to attempt over the coun It swarmed across ¥ unless 4s a sostol Suleldiry Hci | the Detroit Biver in Ho first instarice supplementing ncome, OW-' and soon und in many parts of ever, he can run no risk by devoting a| Western Ontario. In 1878 all but the small plot of about an acre to drug-!northern part of the province had ex- plant suture aa a experiment Jor 8 Jerienced a isiation. In 1874 the ew years. e might grow at leas tle was observed in Quebec; in ten different sorts of those best suited | 1878 it had made its Sa in to his locality. The plants for which| New Brunswick, in 1879 in Manitoba, there is demand are: Golden seal,|in 1881 in Northern Ontario, in 1899 _ | which is collected in autumn after the iy Alberta, and in 1901 in Saskatche- seeds have ripened; white mustard, !wan, In the West its spread was very the seeds of which and black mustard gradual, its presence in any numbers when ground and mixed constitute the not being reported until recent years. mustard of commerce; Seneca snake It was first found in British Columbia root, or mountain flax, which is collect- | in 1919, having been introduced, it is ed in autumn and can be grown on any 'siipposed, from the State of Montana. pull guitaile for tad srops'; jassh The bulletin, whieh is publication of 'mallow, sac or rberry, : thirty ,- with iilustrations, de- anise, caraway, coriander, fennel, win- scribes the mature and habits of the It is 3 at m us' glance 0 be no more. At this season I always chack over the canned goods, land vegetables to be kept In cold stor- needed to make my supply adequate, _ I find that the storage of these food : ts is one way to lower grocery' . | bills as well as making easier the pre- paration of winter meals, They are helpful, too, in producing wholesome "| repasts becausé these foods are essen- tial to a properly balanced djet for "I "While the. amount of foodstuffs stored in the home for consumption in|' the cold weather will vary with the individual taste of different families and the products grown on the farm, I consider my budget a typical one. It has been made by several years of experience, and the fruits and vege- tables put away are what I consider the minimum amount for a family of five. Allowance is made for the use of at least one vegetable, and usually "lof two or three, other than potatoes, for every day in the wintry months. Here is the list of vegetables which we have stored every fall for the last few years: Potatoes, 16 bushels; on- ions, 46 pounds; cabbage, 76 pounds; squash, 36 pounds; beets, 26 pounds; \carrots, 40 pounds; _parsnips, 20 pounds; celery plants, 40 pounds. ideal way to store vegetables is to have special storage cellars or caves, though food may be kept quite satis- factorily without these. REQUIRE MOIST CELLAR. I have discovered that potatoes, beets, carrots, salsify, turnips and pasgpipe require a moist, 'cool cellar with little or no air, the temperature from 86 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. 'Celery, cabbage and cauliflowér have the same requirements, only they keep best when the cifculation "of "air "is good. On the other hand, onions, squash and pumpkin require a wrmer place, one from 45 to 60 degrees Fah- renheit, which is dry and has a good circulation of air. Hefe ar® some of the ways in which we have stored vegetables: After re- moving the outside leaves of cabbages we packed the heads in boxes in alter- nate layérs of sand and" earth" and stored them in the coolest part of the cellar. We have dug celery plants fruits | lage to find out what additions .are}! toes near a chimney, from which warmth, in an upstairs After the busy fall season is 1 examine these vegetables from 0 week, and whenever they show signs of spoiling I can®them. 'OUTSIBE STORAGE. » Our experiments with outdoor stor- age in our section have been satisfac- EEE to put the foods away and to get them out again. The two essentials of this 'method of keeping vegetables * are: First, to select a well-drained spot; second, to cover the vegetables 80 they will not freeze. Cabbage, parenips and salsifly are the easiest foods to store in this way. The cab is pulled and the roots are not - detached; the heads are placed down on the grouid. Then the plants are-covered with earth and for good measure, we place n layer of straw over this. We use about eight inches of earth over the cabbage, salsify and parsnips, In -storing-- potatoes, turnips, ruf- abagas, carrots and beets outdoors we have found it essential to cover them carefully to avoid frost danger. First the vegetables are covered with ten inches of straw or hay and then the same amount of earth. The canning budget which I fol- lowed last year and found quite satie- | factory is as follows: Tomatoes, 36 quarts; spinach, 12 quarts; string beans, 20 pints; corn, 10 pints; aspar- agus: 8 quarts] Hnia beans; 6" pints; peas, 16 pints. The amount of fruit I can varies from year to year with the crop and the price of sugar, I like to put up 76 quarts and to make 100 glasses of jelly, jam and butter, I always bottle at least 10 pints of juice for use in making fresh jelly during the winter. Of courso we make the delectable dried winter fruits, such as dates, raisins, prunes, apricots and peaches, furnish the fruity: taste to many re- pasts, and oranges and apples are not overlooked. The Store Cattle Trade. The British embargo against Cana- dian cattle was removed on April 1, 1928, and the question then arose as to how cattle should be shipped and tory, although it requires more time| -{ shared 'in our exports nitrogen from the air tergreen or checkerberry, .horehound, peppermint and others, descriptions of L all of which are given in the bulletin, Publications Branch, Ottawa. Above everything farmers are warned against paying heed to flamboyant ad- vertisements purporting to tell of big profits that can be made by growing medicinal plants. _ Exports of Dairy Products. Canada's expqrt business in dairy products for the twelve months end- showed very considerable Improve- ment over that of the preceding year. As reported in the last news letter of the Dominion Dairy and Cold Storage $8,984,794, and of cheese 184,418, pounds, valued at $25,738,222, com- pared 'with in 1928.24, 18,668,870 pounds of buter, valued at $5,031,684, and *112,603,100 pounds of cheeso worth $22,684,880. The exports were, of course, mostly to the United King- dom, but it is noticeable that in June 109 "Pounds pounds of cheese. Altoggther some thirty different countries or colonies of dairy pro- which can be had by addréssing the | ing with June of the present .year. Branch, the exports of butter in 1924- | 25 were 25,096,120 pounds, valued at: {oretoee "1dry to run through insect, its method of life and breed- ing, natural control factors, and arti- ficial control, the last of which is pos- sible by spraying or dusting with in- sectcides, which are prescribed. Sr -- reatment for Loose Smut ! of Wheat. Secure seed from fields that pro- duced an absolutely clean crop and 'then take such measures as to pre- vent {ts contamination until sow. Formalin and bluestone seed treat- ments will not destroy the spores of loose smut of wheat. Use the hot water method. The clean seed should be soaked for five hours in water at 63 to 72 de- grees F. It should then be placed in : small burlap sacks (four quart size) ho {and allowed to drain for a short time. { It is of greatest importance that seed i be treated in small lots in order that !all of the grain may be quickly and uniformly brought to the desired tem- perature. Two tubs of water should be provided. In one tub (No. 2) the { exact temperature required should be . maintained. The other tub (No. 1) is ee totum. 471.10 pounds | used for bringing tha.grain. to. the anfl Germany - 168,600 pounds of | cheese. The Netherlands took 75,000! temperature of tha treatment, so as not to lower the temperature in tub No. 2. (Galvanized iron tubs of 20-40 gallons capacity and kerosene double | burner stoves are ample equipment.) The drained sacks of seed should be plunged in tub Ne. 1 for a minute, then. transferred to tub No. 2 and kept agitated while immersed at tem- of 129 degrees F. for ten Sow as soon as sufficiently e drill. Higher temperatures will destroy germina- tion; lower temperatures not effective. looked. 'birds of necessity La but the ones are not desirable as breed- 8 care to choose birds that ¥| Then spr need. sloppy. Forty gallo | First Bright Lad--"Ts there s word what are the best types of catle to send. In order to obtain authentic information from data, the resuit of experiment, sound Jp foun atioh, care- fully conducted and recorded, the Do- rginion Department of Agriculture ar- ranged early in 1923 for ah experi- mental shipment of steers to England. This shipment 3 es in' May, 1928, and a second consignment was shipped in the fall of the same ydar. From these shipments much valuable information was received, published and distributed among the farmers of No. 1190--Ladies' Dress, having Canada. The consignments were made purplice front closing at the left side, up from the experimental farms, and with or without jabot and side drap-| the c@ittls met with a very favorable ery, and long sleeves. Sizes 36, 88, reception from British feeders and 40, 42 and 44 inches bust. Size 88 proved to be profitable purchases. One bust requires 4% yards of 36-inch, or steer obtained the championship at the 3 yards of Bd-inch material, without Norwich fat stock show last year. A figure or nap. Price 20 cents. | shipment of chilled meat was made, No. 1176--Ladies' Dress, with side- but the results were not encouraging, front closing which may be turned and everything points to the advisa- back to form a rever, shaped collar,' bility of developing the stocker trade and long or short sleeves. Sizes 84, to the limit. In co-operation with the 36, 88, 40, 42 and 44 inches bush Size Department of the Interior grazing 86 bust requires 8% yards of 86-inch, | lease conditions have been greatly or 3% yards of 40-inch, or 8 yards improved from the ranchers' stand- of bd-inch material. Price 20 cents. ' point. "Phe designs illustrated in-our- new -In-1928 "Oanada sent across about |= This Fashion Book are advance styles for 50,000 head of store cattle. the home dressmaker, and the woman number was increased to 80,000 in or girl who desires to wear garments 1924, and there is an increase of about dependable for taste, simplicity 'and 60 per cent. over the same period last economy wil find her desires fulfilled year so far this season. The depart- in our patterns. Price of the book 10 'ment takes every precaution to-see cents the copy." Each copy includes that only absolutely healthy and ote coupon good for five cents in the vigorous animals are sent to the Brit- purchase of any pattern. ish market. --es J Treating Seed Wheat for : Smut. i Mix one pint of formalin with forty gallons of water. Place the grain to be treated on a. clean floor, sprinkle the formalin and water solution over the grain, then shovel the grain into another "pile and so mix thoroughly.| lo and shovel again. Re-! Salmon Had Long Trip. A salmon recently killed in the Mols- is river, Quebec, bore a fishery identi- fication tag which showed that it had traveled between 800 and 1,200 miles from Nova Scotia. : Berens : : Dead Sea Sait. The Fat of the Dead E<a are In- caren, derbi E 2 tensely salt, of great specific gravity, peat this Eo v ny xii; and have no perceptible outlet. the solution should be ap- Smallest Church. co |" London's smallest church, St. Ethel yurga within Bishopgate, dates back to before the Fire of London, and so cannot be demolished. Around the world from its market, ».{ New Zealand has doubled- its produc- tion of dairy products during the past ten years and is rivaling Denmark for the London butter trade. The farm {coat of production is sald to © yee "What ' thirds that of Ontario. Superior cl- "I've a Fou mate is one big advantage, but an- : Ce its _Tother is the farm organization. Mik- © We Have Them Now. _ | ing machines are generally used, and ignposts which can be illuminated { a man and a boy handle forty to fifty, dark ' are being experimented | cows. The work is dove in sheds, as . e ministry of barns are not necessary in that coun- and water solution is sufficient to sprinkle between fifty and sixty bush- els of seed wheat. eA rat rhe Werder in the English language that contains all the vowels?" .. =. ~~ | 8 di "Ung bly." sound: ditto ues a ol P either side with rows of bright booths. You will 'want a fair that is more than @& money-maker; it must be a real fun-maker, too. So leave plenty of room for games when the buying begins to lag. ! Garden and field will suppy the decorations. Tasseled cornstalks will fill the corners and the empty gaps. between booths. Pumpkins, brilliant | boughs of leaves and autumn-tinted ; vires turn the room into a harvest ° scene, booths typical of autumn. one, leaf-covered, might Sep : ber, Here belong the prize grain and fruits of the neighborhood. To make the booth profitable hold a corn-guess- ing contest, offering a prize for the closest guess of the number of kernels on a large ear of corn that hangs : from the center of the booth, Each guesser may be charged a few cents. "The First Frost" is an enclosed white-roofed booth, with pasteboard : icicles hanging from its eaves. This . is the animal show.. Display such ob- jects as a sawhorse clotheshorse, a map ° of Turkey or amtmal crackers ar- ranged in tiny pasteboard compart- ments, "Falling Leaf" is a side-show -at- traction where each visitor is taken for a stunt airplane ride. TFaling leaf is the pilot's favorite trick. "Mother's Cupboard" may be a shelved booth lined with preserves, jams and canned fruit. Leave it to the men to decide the winners of this exhibit. A 4#Marked-Down . Booth's: draws a crowd. Here each person is given a pencil and paper to mark down his answers to questions in a series of guessing tontests. The "Garden Gate" is the vegetable exhibit where the best gardens in the neighborhood are represented. In "Cinderella's Corner" slippers are the stock in trade. A Cinderella contest may be had. in connection with the booth. - "Autumn Game" is a booth of paper bags, all of them standing in perky rows, their tops closed. One air-filled bag stands on a high box. ° Tho trick is to knock the bag from its -perch, using colored balloons for balls. Thre shots for a nicke! is the popular prices The thrower who suc ceeds in downing the sack Will receive one of the bags of treasure. ' "Fall Covering" is the corner that belongs to the patchwork quits of the. =... community. Have ballots ready and let the visitors vote for the best quilt, For a 8 going galery Arrange a | row of paper pickaninny dolls én a Eley Eat ¢ SB is glven® a turn at rolling THe balls gt the black ladies. Each one that h3 tuce" ceeds in knocking over counts five points. The player making the most points during the evening earns a prize. vo : The "Bird Cage" is a new idea for a grab booth. The "Candy Stall" will pease the children, with its striped candy canes forming the upright posts. Other booths that I have plan- med are: The "Pumpkin Seed Pitch," the "Cornstalk," "Phc¥rgranh Gal- lery," "Harvest Home Fortunes" and the "Merry-Go-Round. Refreshments, too, may be served fair-fashion, With shocks.of corn fence off a series of snug littie bcoths just big enough for a quartet table andf our bales of hay for chairs. -- A Trip Worth While. "After all what could have been gain- ed had Amundsen and his men reached the North Pole?" 5 "Well, you can't tell. Look how far they'd have-been from-bill-collectors; mosquitces, jazz bands and prohibition agents : ek 7 Privileged. The Irishman had been told off t keep guard over the entrance to a road which led on. to an old and unsafe Eridge. x { Presently a large touring car came along, and Pat held up his hand. . | "What's the matter?" growled the driver, . : Lo At that moment Pat recognized him as the local magistrate. =~ = =~ "Oh, it's yerself, yer honor!" said Pat genially. Rey "Yes, it is!" was the snappy a "It's all right, Irishman, as he Youre is a "fail fair, so make ther' wb SH