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i) on EN Sl An Banker Made Not i in Disparage-| ment of America, But Ow- (ing to the Necesity of Put- ting Right Statements Open to Question. OF INTEREST TO ALL * The famous Budget Speech which President Coolidge made over a month ago in which he criticized Europe and England is still fresh in olir minds. It is of interest to read what a leading British financial auth- ority thinks of Mr. Coolidge's state- ments. : The Hon. R. H. Brand, the Man Who Replies to Mr. Coolidge "Mr. Robert Henry Brand second Viscount Hampden, "Mr. Brand is unusually qualified to discover the fallacies of interna- tional finance. He is a director of Llayds Bank, of Messrs. Lazards, the is the Merchant Bankers, and of many other great commercial concerns. "In 1917 he was Deputy Chairman | of the British Mission in Washington, He was financial adviser to Lord Robert Cecil when Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Later he was Vice-President of the Interna tional Financial Conference of the League of Nations of Brussels and was financial representative of South Afvica at. the Genoa Conference,"-- London Daily News. * . . . * "Mr. Brand's good faith, fairness and competence cannot be challenged by anyone; and his figures will be accepted as final, Great Britain has .| tunes were made, prosperity pervaded a fair assumption that at the end of 1931 the navy balanced. fleet and 1,000 aeroplanes, while at the end of 1932 the army will be In possession of 1,800 'planes in |i increment of the navy, and it 1s]. 'will have a well proper proportion as to types." "'For nearly three years before we began to fight with the Allies the United States, profited tremendously in a commercial :nd industrial sense by the European War. Immense for- our land. "'Our domestic trade was almost past computation, our foreign trade in many lines epochal. It reached the immense proportion of $23,462,000,000 of exports, against $11,881,000,000 of imports. We impoxted more than $1,000,000,000 in gold from debtor nations. Gold Reserve 709, Increase "Pwo indications of increasing wealth in the Unit~d States may be given, Between 1914 and 192% the gold reserve of the United States of America--a sum equivalent to 150 per cent. of the presqnt gold reserve of the Bank of England. "Again, the average excess of mer- chandise exports over imports by the United States between the years 1910-14 was £95,000,000, and between the years 1915-22 £530,000,000. The total net exports during the War period were £4,237,000,000. "Before the War the United States, in the words of Mr. Hoover's Depart- ment of Commerce, 'held the record of being the greatest debtor mation in history. Now she is the greatest creditor nation. It is officially esti- mated than in 1914 she .owed other nations £500,000,000 more than they owed her, but that now her net assets abroad, including Allied War debts, amount to, say £4,000,000,000. "It seems indisputable, therefore, that during the War and as a result no objection to paying her debts, but she is a little restive at being told at the same time that her rich creditor | is far more impoverished," says the | Daily News, in its leader on the re- markable letter to The Times contrib- | uted to Mr. Brand in reply to Mr. Coolidge. It will be read with interest ou hoth sides of the Atlatnic, for there | are plenty of people in America who | prefer the publication of facts and figures rather than their suppression. Here i= the concluding section of Mr, Brand's letter to The Times: -- "Mr. Coolidge appears to believe that he can refute the assertion, which, he says, is. sometimes made, that the United States made a profit out of the War by showing how much the United States Government spent. But the two things are in no way comparable. Payment of interest on debt or of pensions does not represent a loss of national wealth, but a trans- fer from one pocket to -another. If the £350,000,000 of interest we pay every year on the National Debt rep- resented a direct loss of national wealth, we should indeed be in a par- lous way. Richer During the War "It is, in fact, impossible to say whether the United States made a "profit or loss out of the War. What 18 certain is that the American nation became much richer during the War, while all other belligerent nations be- came much poorer. Mr. Carter Glass, the then Secretary of the Treasury, sald in April, 1919: -- . "The expenditure of money by the United States Government on their War preparations, when once they got started, was immense, and nothing could hive been more formidable than the intense vigor thrown into the task. But a full recognition of these facts does not mean that one should accept without some criticism figures and statements so open to question as those of President Coolidge." * . . . . President Coolidge, in his Budget message to the Senate, referring to mational defence, said: -- , "Ample provision is made in these estimates for national defence, the es- mates for 1930 calling for $648,611, 300 for the army and the navy. This amount is reached after excluding from the army and navy estimates all non-military items, so that the figure given is purely military purposes. "The was $558,004,447; $596,500,806; ture for 1929 is $672,844,288, while the for 1028 it was estimated expenditure as distinguish- ed from the appropriation estimates is $688,277,712 for 1930. "In submitting the annual Budget for 1926 the Chief Executive stated that the amount carried in that budget for national defence was $549,000,000, an dthat in his opinion the United States could have adequate national defence with a more modest outlay. "Nevertheless," he continues, "our defence estimates have steadily climb- ed until the cash requirements have advanced for 1930 by approximately $100,000,000. more than was estimated is prior days the defence establishments have had use of surplus supplies left the amount provided for actual expenditure for 1927 the estimated expendi- | of the conditions arising out of the War, and despise any losses, destruc: tion, or waste due to the War, the | Fealth an dincome of the American | people increased very considerably. "This is said by no means by way of disparagement. 1 was in Washing- | ton for nearly a year during 1917-18, | looking after munitions for the British | Government, and had an opportunity to see at first hand the American War effort. I agree with President Cool- idge in thinking it unique. : len "Does Civilization Need Religion?" | { Motor Show : Toronto' First Post-War In- door Motor Show Indicates More Beauty and Faster Cars For New Season The motor 'car of 1920--a bit more beautiful, a trifle faster and a shade more dependable than any previous descendents of the horseless carriage --has just made its bow to the Ontario public. ~¥From the laboratory and the prov- ing ground, the factory 'and the test highway, have come the year's devel opments which serve to raise the auto- mobile of the moment to a peak slightly higher than,it has attained before. In past years the automobile show often has drawn its curtain upon sweeping and drastic changes. This year it offers a group of refinements to motor cars already engineered to a higher degree of excellence. On of the most unusual mechanical changes disclosed this year is that of a manufacturer who offers the pur- chaser his choice of either a six- cylinder or eight-cylinder in the same chassis. It is not a case of having two different models. It is the same car, furnished with either motor the buyer prefers. Bodies, following the most recent note of, the leading custom designers, show a 'marked increase in symmetry. This is mainly procured through the introduction of the airplane "air-foil" curve of the fenders and the rinsing of the hoods ta give more unity of line between bonnet and top. Colors, which were gay last year, have not lessened in number, but it is apparent that improvements in the handling of lacquer finishes have glven a new softness and richness to the exteriors. In even the less expen- sive makes, the combinations of two tones or two different colors Indicate artistic as well as technical improve- ment. The host of secondary mechanical | improvements, the newest motor cars include com- bined air and fluid hydraulic shock absorbers, vacuum controlled chassis lubrication, and new types of air cleaners and gasoline filters. "As a prophet "and t} thinker on social | matters Mr. Niebuhr's interest and hope gre wider than those of religion | alone, and as a religious man his ex-| pectations include more than what is | merely Christian and Western," 1a Church Times (London) reviewer. "It is clear that the world needs | more than religion if society is to be put right. ing of principles; the sciences. "On the one hand, religion must be content 'and, ligion and a morale attitude. tween the intellectual ist attitude, proper to religion. do not easily form a team." Cinemas Urged in Persia Adopt Plan Jerusalem--To familiarize the pop ulation with in Persia that the municipal author: lands. very successful. they show conditions world as they really are. the Islamic faith and my whom th phonograph no less than the ciaem Incidentally, one of the effects--an fluence ex: authorities Farmers in Congo Train That of Three Hol Uelle Province, twent ae experience. established In the Uell says | It needs hard thinking-- | driver of the new models. the examination of facts and the test- finger-tip control system which in- all this means the geniously places the control of the separate existence and autonomy of | starter, horn and light in the same To Depict Western Life Religious Opposition Forecast if Cities European customs and habits, the diea has been put forward ities should open cinemas throughout the country to show films depicting the sociological conditions in Western There are few cinemas in Persia and these apparently do not conform to a high level, nor are they In the main, Russian films ave shown, and it can hardly be said that in the outer In al! préb- ability, the use of the cinema for the purpose now urged will meet with the opposition of the mullahs, the men lcarned {n the religious teachings of is regarded as an instrument of Satan by no means the least--of the vigor} ous measures which the Shah is--in-| troducing is the. lessening of the in- oggiged by these religious Elephants for Plowing Work of Pachylerms Called Equal to. Belgian Congo-- Domesticated elephants for use on farms have Bech developed here after of patient sresearch and ~Bpecial training schools have been motorcars. | to increase the intake of gasoline be- yond the normal vacuum of the motor, | chromium, Windshield cleaners; which are found on some of the medium in some cases clear the whole shield | priced jobs. Driving Control Made Easier The constant tendency to make driving "mistake proof" is exemplified in two new devices which confront the One is-a | | button atop the steering post. | other is an inter-controlled The choke, indeed, eager to 'leave | which when pulled out for starting au- the sciences to be developed for their own sake, believing that they have their own contribution to make to the fulfilment of God's purpose, while re- itself provides an {inspiration On the other hand, we must face the real risk im- plied in the clash and conflict be- and critical temper, the scientific point of view, and the temper of devotion, the ideal- They tomatically sets the throttle at the right position, Increased power is offered both in new models and in many of the im- proved design: In some instances this increase has been attained by the simple expedient of réducing the size of combustion chambers to provide a higher compression ratio, This devel- opment has been made possible by the chemists who have developed non- which add length of | service, comfort and dependability to | !inclined automobile owner. Rubber mountings for motors anal ball-bearing spring shackles are found |™0St as flat as the engine hood, inter- in use on an incréasing range of nal fittings, such as vanity cases, rear- Superchargers, designed | {view mirrors and clocks, et cetra, are ernment to Sanction chase of Fokker Planes Montreal--The rapld growth of | mititary and civil aviation in Canndé | during 1928 has resulted in a project "al to link Halifax by air mail with Mont. real, and thus to connect with the alr lines of the United States. tion formed by a group in Halifax, has applied to the Department of Marine land Fisheries for the purchase of five. Fokker planes used in the recent Hud- son Bay expedition and now stored at the dockyards in Halifax. It these ships can be obtained at a r ble figure, the Halifax group will open | negotiations with postal officials for the Halifax air mail Une. They propose to suggest to the city of Halifax that ft provide an airport which the company will leave for ten years and then buy from the city. If | the plan is carried through it will pro- vide an air route to Upper Canada which will connect with nearly all im- portant air mail lines in North America. New planes' that will be put into service in the Royal Canadian Air Force this year include thirty-four light Moth airplanes. Twenty-eight of these are land planes for re-equip- ping the Camp Borden station, and the remainder are seaplanes for the gov- ernment's flying station at Vancouver. All will have metal fuselages ,and will be equipped with the Handley-Page automatic slot safety device. They will be delivered by March 31 and will cost approximately $260,000. An important change in flying reg- ulations in Canada is the revision of the airplane letter code, according to the Department of National Defense. The Dominion, in common with other countries, has registered its aircraft Tn conformity with the alphabetical group set aside for exclusive use in Canada according to the international convention to which Canada is a signatory. Formerly, Canadian planes have been designated by five letters, the first two of which, "GC," were an in- | dication of nationality, "Great Britain- | Canada." The remaining letters in- dicated the identity of the plane and "were allotted by the defense depart- ment. The practice in Canada, how- ever, was largely to employ numerals. The code "GC" has been changed to "F"' for Canadian planes. Those ships already bearing "GC" markings will retain them, but new registrations will be according. to the revised code. There were 333 planes in tperation in Canada on January 1, 1929, accord- ing to the Department of National De- FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER AT LEAGUE COUNCIL Aristides Briand, at Lugano, departing from Lis hotel to attend a session of the council of the League of Nations. mn valve and cam-shaft denigus Have Yahbter. of merchant and mechanic-- | added to the power of standard makes all classes pronounced by their inter-| of motors. est a good motor Year | for 1929. Ignition, apparently, has also drawn | 1 * attention of the engineers during the past year, The show discloses that there is a tendency to use larger bat | teries. There Is a noticeable trend to- ward the use of smaller spark plugs because they are more efficient and more easily cooled, One maker has adopted metric thread plugs for this reason while another has placed two plugs in each cylinder of the motor to insure better firing of the mixture, Many New Accessories Accessory exhibits disclose numer- ous devices to add to the comfort and convenience of motoring, together | with a wide variety of gadgets" and | "dingbats" to delight the mechanically | Radiator caps that look and are al- found finished in non-tarnishing and others electrically heated so as to be effective in sleet; jacks for lifting "A Woman who has swept jthe heaviest cars with a finger-tip (man's ashes dally for years naturally | up a touch; heaters operated by hot air from the engine or by steam gener- ated by exhaust heat and by vapor, areg-among the new things shown. = Vacuum cleaners that remove the last vestige of dust from tufted up- holstery; radiator protecting shutters in which the vanes are vertical, in keeping with the modern style, are also among the new offerings. There are such novelties and freeze testers that remove doubt regarding the pro- tection afforded by antifreeze mix- tures; shock absorbers for the front seats in two-door coaches; and easily applied equipment that permits quick adjustment of the seats, forward and objects to creamation when she's a widow." fore. Of these, 2468 are used In com- mmm Help the Farmer London Dally Mail (Ind. Cons.): We are the last to suggest subsidies, but in the present state of plough- land farming, with the risk of land going more and more out.of arable cultivation and coming down tol grass, there is a strong case for a bonus for land under wheat or other cereals. Such a bonus formed part of the legislation Introduced after the war, when the risk to the nation's food supply of complete dependence are In the | Licenses are | pilots, whereas there were only forty government year, service, backward. ok Torelen lupors was still fresh in| yi 0 work in the Hudson Straits, and All the leading makes were repre- 8 of al\ also have been employed for forestry sented and the interest .in modern ' : patrol and grain dusting. -- motor transportation was evidenced The cure for Prohibition is more | d detonating fuels, Numerous changes 'by the rubbing of elbows of lady and temperance. - rere me 2 -------- Reform of the Lords A Ship That Tried to Go Overland s London Evening Standard (Ind. Cons.): AS can expeot tb do so forever. Upper House. is rl ees 14 ; HooPER'S Acoucw sveve 70h 3 y », 7 > a Ao Maritime Afrways, Ltd. a corpora-| [the Royal Canadian Mounter Police fense as compared to 101 a year be- mercial operations and elghty-seven service. held by 190 commercial such pilots at the beginning of last Alrpanes are used in Canada for prospecting and exploration in the un- developed regions in the North ,as well as for air mail and passenger They were found helpful in the work of constructing the Hudson Bay Railway and in weather obgerva- 'We have been lucky so long to avoid the ill consequences of hav- - ing virtually to Second Chamber at all, but there is no serious thinker in the country who' will claim that we The barrier opposed by the House of Lords to precipitous legislation is so feeble as to be almost worthless, and gcse it is not difficult to Imagine what might result from a labor Government almost entirely unrepresented in the Major Burwash, Sole White. : Inhabitant at Oli Sa Canadian = Arctic "many Dominion Government officials and members of started the New Year at fsolated points. Officially, it is estimated that pp! y 30 employes of the De- partment of terior and and more than 100 officers and men of the mounted police are at present located north of the 60th parallel. . Sole white inhabitant at the mag- netic pole, Major L. T. Bray war veteran, Arctic explorer, engineer and Canadian Government official-- now occupies probably the most unique geographical position in the world, With only a few Eskimo com. panions, Major Burwash is loca at "the top of the world" conducting the extent to which the magnetic pole has shifted since the late Raould Amundsen made his investigation in 1908. The destination of Major Bur- wash was only reached after a 5,000 mile jaunt by rail, dog team 'and schooner. His task will occupy sev- eral months. MUSK-OX SURVEY. In the Thelon game sanctuary, lying between the east end of Great Slave Lake and Chesterfield Inlet, W. H. P. Hoare, Ottawa, is engaged for the Dept. of Interior in making a survey of musk-ox conditions in this norther- ly region. At Fort Smith, in the North-West Territories, an admini- strative staff is also functioning under this department; while nearly a dozen game wardens are on duty in the ad jacent Wood Buffalo park, Dominion medical officers for the care of the natives are situated at Resolution, Fort Smith, Aklavik and Baffin Is- land. At Resolution and Fort Simp- son, Indian agents are located; while several other officers of the Dept. of Interior are situated at other Arctie points. MULTITUDINOUS DUTIES. In the Eastern Arctic, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police have their posts at Port Burwell, Chesterfield In- let, Pangnirtung, Pond's Inlet, Dun das Harbor and Bache manned by a-total of 18 officers men. In the Western Arctic, more than 60 officers and men are located at 15 stations situated as far north as Baillie Island, near the 70th par- allel. In addition a floating detach- ment of eight men under Sergt. Fred Anderson is aboard the schooner St Roch in Langton Bay, With head- quarters at Dawson City, 28 officers and men nfake up the total strength of the Mounted Police in the Yukon Territory. Multitudinous duties are performed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Po- lice in the Canadian north. Inquiry at Mounted Police headquarters here reveal that under recent instructions officers and men in the Arctic must maintain law and order; enforce the criminal code and ordinances of the Northwest Territories; act as Customs officers; collect vital statistics; act as Indian and Eskimo agents; furnish supplies to destitutes; ire game 1i- censes to trappers; pe! between settlements and visit trappers; issue wolf bounty; collect income tax in the Northwest Territories; issue tim- ber permits; enforce liquor ordin- ances; act as coroners; and as com- missioners for taking applications for naturalization. Manchester Guardian (Lib.}: and Saf distinction, however, clearer. 'Safeguarding is the means and Protection the end. On the principle that if you look after the pence the pounds will look after them- selves, the Safeguarders are quite at isfied that in the course of time Pro- tection, which Mr. Baldwin has again promised not to introduce, will be the result of adding up a sufficient nume ber of Safeguarding duties. And who will then be so surprised as Mr. Beldwin? : a scientific investigation to determing 3 traders have often been panied te" know 'what is the difference 4 a The Rhinsland : London Referee (Co as situation now appears to ope Int Go. same tv. camps ¥ ted the :