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ust II. of the Kellogg Pact. J however, such things on gecord as the "Root Resolutions," which have never been ratified by France. Why? = These Resolutions 'were intended to form a part of the They were introduced by that great veteran of law and wisdom, Sen- ator Elfau Root. Amongst other fhings these articles prohibited at- tacks on any merchant ships what- ever by submarines. There is no more indispensable pro- vision in connection with the Kellogg Pact and the accepted "outlawry of war" by the whole world. At Wash- ington, in February, 1022, just eight years ago, the Root Resolutions were signed by all the delegates, including the representatives of France. But from that time to this they never have been ratified by France herself. They are consequently null and void. The t dinary ition at this is that there is no legal protection for the shipping and trade of any country against indiscriminate destruction by submarines. Intc this "insufferable situation the interests of all maritime peoples in the world have been brought by the logic of one people in- 'elsting on 1 Armed Security for herse)f without any normal regard for the logic and security of others. It follows that two things are re- Quired. First, the agreement of the French delegation to ratify those ar- ticles of the Root Resolutions which in our later language "outlaw" the as- sassination of merchant ships; and, secondly, the actual and adequate re- duction of the total French submarine program, with specific limitations as to numbers and sizes, 'We repeat our hope that of those iwo points, the first will be amicably secured. France can have no interest in resisting the overwhelming opinion of the world, For if the Conference failed on the submarine question that opinion would have to be organized. In due course, every signatory to the Kellogg Pact would have to be in- vited to sign the anti-submarine ar- ticles of the Root Resolutions. By no possibility can this part of the ques- tion be allowed to remain where it pow stands. But that is not enough. Submarines, of all naval weapons, cannot be ex- empt from reduction all round with complete elimination of the competi tive element. Without tough difficulty sufficient success in this direction will not he secured. France will not only reject on military grounds the British and American arguments for aboligh- ing the submarine. One, the famous Fglobal" principle, France claims the elastio right to allocate a large mar- gin of tonnage either to one type or another as she may deem well. Her aaval policy still is to create a domin- ant submarine force. We understand the argument. But there one logic meets a larger logic firmly represent- ing, as we sald, the general interest of all maritime peoples. In international affairs, as in natural affairs, the logic of a large majority cannot be expected always to give way to a minority, no matter how convinced, cogent and fenacious, Elasticities of transfer within the *global" syslex1 of total tqnnage so 8s to enable the most sinister type of val weapon to be increased though $ther types might be diminighed--this a most dangerous principle. It {kes at the very roof of a main ob- t of the Conference--eradicating val competition. For example, so far ag France at the end remalns free fo develop her submariny war, go far Britain will be compelled to multiply and improve destroyers. No option would be left to this country. Up to mow, our neighbors, in reply to every suggestion for reducing the numbers and standardizing the types of sub- marines, could point to the American, British and Japanese monopoly of glant battleships. At last, that par flcular ground of objection has been #wept away. Here we come back to the new and drastic policy of scrapping the sea- eastles most distinctly declared by the American Secretary of State, though , Ramsay MacDonald and the Bri- government are well known to be i Merely a Scrap of Paper| By J. L. Garvin ing to America, Britain and Japan would have been over £200,000, otherwise bound to be spent by them 0 "replacement" between 1934 and Now comes the greater lead. If the whole Conference reciprocates in other America and Britain will begin this year to scrap a large pro- portion of thelr existing battleship fleets. The process will go on as fast as the Admiralty can manage it. This country at present has two more bat- tleships than the United States, and must do most for parity. By next autumn at furthest Britain would scrap five of her sea-castles, America three, and Japan one--that alone would mean nine hulls out of forty- eight, or nearly a fifth part of the whole bulk of metal now embodied in the monsters. Nor need it end there. For the purpose of bringing the Con. ference to a memorable triumph in every chief respect, the three battle ship Powers might well agree to scrap within the next half-decade twice as much as they already contemplate. Details about the future of cruisers, both large and small, are about the future~of destroyers, involve many cross-arguments which are exceeding- ly important. We cannot go into those details now. As regards Britain and America alone, settlement on the basis of parity 1s ensured on thorough- Iyr ble and iderable lines with regard to cruisers, as in every other respect. Mr, Stimson's state. ment means President Hoover's fair deal, and there could not be a fairer deal. We still quite decline to be- lleve that Japan by insisting upon one ten-thousand-ton crulger more, will en- tangle the whole proceedings; instead of following Bismarck's advice and reinforcing the imponderabilia of Se- curity by a further gain of both Am. erican and British good-will, The American and British proposals for the sweeping reduction of battle- ship strength forthwith are a tremend- ous example of moral and practical courage in the cause of Naval disarm- ament. Will France make an equal responge by reducing her submarine programme and agreeing to prohibit absolutely the use of that arm for the destruction of merchant skipping. Or will she insist upon a logic of Armed Security, which is becoming more and more incompatible with the security of many other nations, and conflicts with the world's urgent opinion and its rising causes ?--Montreal Standard. Nerve Saves Piane Captain Kingsford Smith Performs Unique Experi- ment With "Plane Sydney, Australia.--Capt. Charles Kingsford D. Smith, the Australian ace who flew from the United States to Australia in 1928, has just performed one of the most thrilling exploits of his career, He is now the director of an air line. Recently when one of the com- pany's triple-engined machines made a forced landing in a forest clearing near Bonalbo, Northern New South 'Wales, it seemed that the plane could be removed only by being dismantled. Smith went to the scene, repaired the damaged under-carriage, tled the plane's tall to a tree and set his en- gines going full speed. When the ma- chine lifted from the ground a farmer cut the rope and the plane flashed away lke a rocket, Even then the straining plane, duck- ing lke a broncho could barely rise above the towering forest trees. A topmost bough tore the fabric from underneath the fuselage and the ma- chine trembled like a wounded bird, but it kept up and Smith got it safely to the alrdrome. si ------ Defence of the Dominions Singapore Free Presse: At present, and presumably for a good many years to come, there wiil be no one of the Dominions which could regard it- self as being in a position to resist the aggression of any of the major world powers, nor, it may be added, 0 to physical and geographical conditions, could a combination of Dominions which excluded the Mother COountry oarry out such an effective re- sistance. For the present, therefore, the Dominions have to recognize that reliance must be placed upon Great Britain to carry the main burden of absolute harmony. The oy though good in itself, was far Jess sweeping and trenchant than what is now offered. Under the terms of the Washington Treaty all the float- fortresses, forty-eight of them, possessed by America, Britain Japan, were to be abolished by. Qut other Gollaths, equally large! that Speedy Boats Aimed «to Intercept Smugglers, Side of Boundary ---------- END OF SMUGGLING With reports from Ottawa indicat- ing that the proposed bill prohibiting clearinces of liquor shipnents from Canada to the United States will be carried successfully, there is further news of an extremely disquietening nature to those associated with the '"Hquor rings" across the internation- al boundary. It was based on a report from Cleve land, Ohio, that a giant cordon of "mother ships" with schools of smal speed boats plying between, will be stretched lengthwise through the cen- tre of Lake Erle this spring In a new attempt to block the flood of Canadian liquor pouring into the United States. Just what this means to this inter- ested in the liquor business here is Indicated In the fact that, even if the Government's proposal to ban clear- ances of whiskey to the United States proves a failure, and liquor is still per- mitted to be cleared under export for the United States, rum-runners are still confronted with the possibility of having their wares stopped half way across the International boundary line. 'Whether or not the Government bill will be passed, of course, remains to be seen, but the fact remains that whatever happens, United States au- thorities are tightening up their bor- der patrol and are aiming themselves more strenuously than ever against the inroads of the smugglers, One thing is certain, however, those in"touch with the situation claim, and that' is the fact that if the bill is pass- ed, Hquor prices across the border will go skyrocketing overnight. Although liquor made in Canada Is still plentiful across_the border rum- runners will have very reason to boost their prices if the bill is carried, "rigks," etc, they will claim, warrant. ing any increase. And with the Uni- ted States' customers demanding thelr liquor, it is quite certain that what- ever prices are asked on this side of the boundary they will willingly be paid. The news that the United States was preparing to tighten its patrol, was still more disqulietening when it became known that the plan accord: ing to Arthur P. Fenton, U.S. Com- missioner of Customs at Cleveland, calls. for the removal of the rum- chasing activities of the coastguards and allled patrols from the harbors and rivers of the American shoreline to the international boundary out on from U.S. | ived For whom an Empire mourped and the civilized world paid & task January $1,886,806,716, an increase of $160,000,000 over January 81, 1929, thought a decline of $19,000,000 from ber 31, 1920. Current loans outside of Canada were 6,432, a decline of $2,000,000 from January 81,1926, but an iacrease of $7,000,000 over December, 1929; . Call loans in Canada at the end of January were $237,421,000, a decline of $31,000,000 from January, 81, 1920; cell loans outside of Canada were $211,750,000, a decline of $115,000,000 from January 81, 1929, indicating a lessened demand for brokers' 'oans in New York. Notice deposits, whch were $1,439, 814,000 at the end of January were Higher by $5,500,000 than at the end , but dowr by $84,000,000 from J "Passage of the Canadian Anti Liquor Clearance Act, which I under- stand Is expected to be accomplished by Easter, will greatly lighten the work of the customs and coastguard services on the Great Lakes," he said. "This has already been shown by the fact that on the Dominion shores op- posite Detroit and Buffalo, the ware- houses are being cleaned out of what liquor they have on hand and are not restocking. This indicates that the Canadian liquor dealers who have been shipping to the United States are assured that the antl-clearance law will be passed. "At the present time we hava about 200 men in the Detroit area ani abeut 160 in and around Buffalo. I doubt if these forces will Le matarially re. duced for some little time, but these men will have an opportunity to pay more attention to other work, and this will enable them to handle a large part of the tasks for which President Hoover asked an Increase in the per sonnel of the consolidated cborder patrol he suggested to Congress. "Another effect which" the passage of this act will probably have will be increased efforts to smuggle Can- adian liquor to this country via the French ports of St. Pierre and Mique- lon, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence. At the present time these two places are the bases from which the greater the lake. To do this, all the nine coastguards districts, it is reported, will be unified into one front against the smugglers. Reports from Cleveland state that the "mother ships" are to be the 76- foot cruisers. These will be station- od at approximately 10 miles anchor- age along the watery border line, Be- tween these ships, the small speed boats will keep a constant patrol on the look-out for raft laden with Can- adian liquor, each ship being in con- stant communication with the others and the shore, Word of all boats leaving Canada laden with liquor will be wired head- quarters at Oleveland and the informa- tion will be relayed to the cordon. There are now $4 small picket boats in service, Fenton states, and to these will be added 18 new 82-foot cruisers capable of attaining a speed of 50 miles an hour, As yet the Canadian shore is ice- bound; but as soon as the ice breaks up the war will be on. Washington--Passage of the pro- posed Canadian law which would ban clearance of liquor cargoes to any country which forbids such importa- tion, would end all important liquor smuggling on the Great Lakes, but would increase aotivities of this kind all along the Atlantic seaboard, ac- gording to Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Seymour Lowman, in charge of customs and coastguard services. He also believes that it would do away with the need for any great in- crease in the number of men for the consolidated border patrol, which has been proposed to Congress by Presi: dent Hoover, unt of lquor iflicitly entering this country comes. The«Great Lakes sit- uation being well in hand, and with the coastguard relieved of its concen- trated patrol of the inland waters, it will be able to handls this situation far better, without any great Increase in personnel. Petty Stuff Only "Thé passage of this aot will mean that smuggling on the Great Lakes and its tributary water will be con- fined to petty stuff. In the past the rum-runners could take thelr boats up to export docks and load them with scores or hundreds of cases of whisky. Now they will be compelled to rely upon the liquor stores run by the various Canadlan provinces, and can only make their purchases by the case at the most and then at far high- er prices than they have pald in the past. "Perhaps more important than any- thing else will be the fact that a con- tinual source of friction between the two countries will be removed and this country will do its part to repay the Dominion for its action by halting, where possible, all smuggling from this country to Canada." armenian eels The world's deepest oil well, drill- ed in 1929, is in California and is 9,850 feet deep. > tee tener He: "Am I the first man you have ¢ver kissed?" ®BShe: "Of course! Why do all men ask the same" question?" ees ee pe se In a certain club they own an ab- normally slow card player. His part. ner once observed, "Excuse me but is this Auction Bridge or Suspension Bridge?" Theory Discounted By Hon. V. Massey Tide of Auto Travel Not Due to Prohibition Washington.~Hon. Vincent Massey, Canadian Minister to the United States, discounted the theory that pro- hibition is responsible for the tide of automobile travel into Canada from the United States. In an address before the annial con- ference of the United States Automo- bile Association and Motor Club ex- exutives the Canadian Minister assert. ed that considerably more cars per capita come from Canada into the United States than move north into the Dominion. During 1929, he i more than 600,000 motor cars cros: the line moving south, while 4,600,000 cars drove into Canada. "To come up to our standard as visiting neighbors in proportion to population," he continued, "I must politely point out that you will have to send us 7,600,000 cars. - I have suggested the motor car as a very potent factor in international relations. The automobile is now en- gaged the world overin crossing boun- daries, reminding its passengers of different characteristics which mark people on both sides, and giving them sympathetic appreciation of why such differences exist," British Youths Come to Canada Montreal. --Juvenile immigration to Oanada was inaugurated for 1980 dur- ing the week-end when the first par- ties of British youths for Canadian farms landed at Halifax, having been y '81, 1929, indicating a certain drain on savings accounts. Bank note circulation at the end of January was $156,062,000, a decline of $19,600,000 from December 31, 1929, but only of $2,000,000 from January 81,1929, The bank note circulation at the end of January is always. about $20,000,000 less than at the end of Di b so the decli indicated above is slightly less than the seasonal change. Bank note circulation in Can- ada attained its highest end-of-Janu- ary figure in 1920, being then $217,- 000,000, but that war at the peak of high prices. Since pre-war the note circulation has increased from $97,- 000,000, Jan. 31, 1914, to $156,000,000 an increase of 61 per cent, While these banking figures, on the face of them, scem to indicate that business in Canada in January of this year was as good if not better than in January of last year, that view needs to be discounted by the fact that the banks have substantia' loans more or less tied up with the wheat pool, and probably with private grain traders. These loans are doubtless good busi- ness for the banks, with thé three prairie governments standing behind the wheat pool; but they have been and stil. are to some extent inactive loans; they have .ut contributed much business to the transportaticn com- panies, although probably most of the dollar-per-bushel loan made to the pool and by it advanced to the wheat growers has been expended by them, to the benefit of business. SEES NO HARD TIMES IN WEST Winnipeg.--A hearty vote of opti- mism was sounded by C. H. S. Bam- ford when he addressed the .annual meeting of the Manitoba Retail Mer- chants' Assoéiation here, Mr, Bam- ford is general sales manager for one of the biggest retail concerns in the city, and. he based his statements largely upon the figures supped by W. Sanford Evans, M.L.A., who is recognized as one of the ablest sta- brought forward under the auspices of the Canadian National Rallways, Two tisticians in the Domi Every sign points to a decided im- tin basi parties, totalling 46 boys, hed Halifax during the week-end, and will be placed on farms in Ontario by the British Immigration and Colonization Association. These boys have been specially se: lected from various parts of the Bri- tish Isles, by the Juvenile branch of the colonization offices of the Cana- dian National Railways in London gnd represent a splendid type of British youth eager to better themselves by gradually winning ownership of land in Canada, Juvenile immigration is ene of the most promising features of coloniza- tion at the present time. Last year some 1200 youths were brought to Canada "der the auspices of the Canadian National Railways, the majority of whom are making good on farms throughout Ontario provinee. meme) miei There was never yet a truly great man that was not at the same truly virtuous. --Benjamin !a western expansion prog 2 $60,000,000 and the industrial output Pp ¢ condition in the West, Mr. Bamford told the gathering, and there was no reason for pessiniism provided ordinary caution and com- mon sense are employed. Sales are mounting in Winnipeg every day, and. we are on the threshold of a better and brighter day in Western Canada, he said. "I don't believe for an instant that we are in for hard tinies in the West," Mr. Bamford emphatically declared. "Everywhere signs point to a decided (improvement in business." One of the the speal dv: d for his optimistic views is that the agricul tural production of the three prairie provinces---field erops, livestock, dairy roduce and poultry-amous.ts annual- to a figure approaching the enor- mous total of $1,000,000, whaile the railroads are this year embarking on of Manitoba alone is worth $162,000,- 000. He did not mention the mining Sevelopments i are wtimatd to reulating $1,000,000 8 month in Manitoba: alone, but he pointed out people pro. that wealth in the Ai ds & sound market for a vast amount of goods, as people must live nd have thing left over after five years In Calcutta and Is engaged in the cotton industry. He is on bis way to Europe. wr $ "While crossing Canada I have been astonished fo see the amount of pub- licity your papers give Mahatma Gandhi," remarked Mr. Klemis. Gand hi receives very little notice in India and even in the verndcular press he is given very little prominence, The amount of publicity given to the In. dian Nationalist leader in newspapers - in this country is out of all proportion - to his importance," Mr. Klemis said. "It 1s generally felt among Euro: peans in India that the viceroy has been rather too hasty with his declar- ation that India would be given Do. minion status just as soon as expedi- ent," Mr. Klemis said. Failure is Seen "My belief is that India will have to wait 'many years before she can attain to that political standing. And Gandhi's campaign for Indian inde pendence is doomed to failure. In-, dians themselves recognize that. "The independence of India will never be an accomplished fact be- cause the caste system of the country is too rigid," Mr, Klemis explained. "Solidarity of the people of India will never be attained on account of the caste system. Moreover," Mr. Klemis added, "the most powerful element in the country are the Indian princes and they certainly do not want Indian independence as it would terminate their rule and put an end to their sources of wealth which is the land. Real Danger "The real danger in India is from Communist propaganda," Mr. Klemis said, "Soviet agents infest the coun. try and only last year stores of arms were discovered in Meerut, It will be remembered that the stimulus for the Indian mutiny centred in Meerut. Communist plotting in India never gets into the papers," Mr. Klemis re- marked, "and 'his is infinitely more important than Gandhi's disobedience marches and other campaigns Tor In. dian independence." Mr, Klemis remarked also that he had recently been in Shanghai for a short time. Shanghai, he said, had completely returnad to normal since the Nationalist disturbance- of two years ago. There was no suggestion of ever ceding the concession to China, Capital Is pouring into the great port and that is an indication of the confidence felt in the future of Shanghai, Mr, Klemis sald, Prince Looking For White Rhinoceros Heir to British Throne Snaps Elephants With Camera Masindi, Uganda.--Despite terrific heat the Prince of Wales has walked long dist to film eleph in their native haunts, He obtained splendid pictures of elephants in close quarters in the thick bush of the lake Albert and White Nile districts, Bir W. F. Gowers, Governor of Ugan- da, returned from Butlaba and said that the Prince had completely shaken off the effects of his recent malarial fever. He hak done no shooting, preferring to operate his motion-picture camera. At one place he had an opportunity of bagging a big tusker but he merely took a film, saying he did mot care:-to shoot animals if he had not worked hard in a stern chase, The royal camp has moved further dow nthe Nile and will soon proc to a rhino camp, where the Prince hopes to snap white rhinoceros. Then the party will move to the Congo, visiting the Pygmy country. Returning from the Congo, the Prince expects to do some shooting in the Mongolia district during the trip down the Nile to Khartoum. It is possible that he will fly from Khar- toum to Cairo, ---- Magistrate: "How do you know that these fowls you accuse your neighbor of stealing, were yours?" Prosecut or: "They were black and white fowls, your Homor." Magistrate: "Why, that does not prove anything. I have black and white fowls my; at home." Honor, this isn't the first time missed fowls." ow : Prosecutor: « "Yes, your Go 7 2