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£ 2 of gall. Both of these have the pro- or and finisher of our faith; who . for the joy that was set before him shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.--He. brews 12: 2. ANALYSIS Shr REVILERS, a 30-44 UCTION--The story of the crucifixion is given in considerable de: tail in each of the Gospels. Matthew! and Mar are very much alike in their treatment, but we find that tt narra- tives in Luke and John add many new features. 'Therefore if we wish to get a complete story of this great crime of the world, we must read the four Gos- re and include all the narratives. « GOLGOTHA, 33-08. V. 33. The actual site of this is un- known, but it was evidently outside the walls of the city, but not far away. The name is explained as due either to the fact that some skulls "iad been discovered on the hill, or to the ap- pearance of the rock. The traditional - site is the place where now stands the * church of the Holy nichre, but some years. General Gordon suggested a low hill, outside the Damascus gate, whose form suggested the outline of a skull. This has beer. called Gordon's Calvary, but many doubt whether there is much to suppert his views V. 34. Mark mentions myrrh instead perties of a drug, and it was custom- ary to give sons such drink to erim- inals in order to deaden the pain. It is said that there was an association of wealthy women in Jerusalem who charged themselves with this office of refuses to accept "he oered drug, since caring for such criminals. But Jesus refused to accept the offered drug, since he desires to face his trial with a clear mind. V. 35. It is probable that the cross was after the Latin form as ane sees it in most of the pictures of the Cruci- fixior. It would be about ten feet high. This form of execution was very painful and very shameful. It was reserved for slaves and provin- cials who were regarded as especially ¢ iminal. The garments of the prisoner were supposed to be ihe perquisite or the soldiers who were in charge. From John 19: 23, we learn that the outer garments were distributed among the men, but the inner garment which was made of very fine cloth was kept in- tact; and they cast lots for it. V. 36. The soldiers sit down and watch. lest any one should come and attempt to take Jesus down from the Cross. "II. THE REVILERS, 39-44. V. 89. Matthew mentions three dif- ferent classes of revilers, (1) The u_.dinary onlookers There was evident- ly a crowd of curious observars such as frequented these executions. © They were as heartless as most crowds, ana they now catch up the charge which kad been laid against Jesus before the Jewish eourt that he had said Fe would destroy the temple and build it again. These people now taunt him and his incompetence. They cannct conceive of anything else than that a man would try to save himself if he could. Just as in the temptation the devil said, "If thou art the Son of God," so here tha people make the same cynical suggestion. V. 41. (2) The chief priests and scribes represen: the aristocratic and educated classes among the Jews, and they had been the agenis in bringing about the death of Jesus. They now exult in the succes. of their labor, and they add this further evidence of their hatred, in that they mock him in his moments of intense agony. They had asked Pilate to place on the cross, "He said he was the king of the Jews," and now they fling this taunt at him, "If thou be the king of Israel" V. 48. These words may be taken from Ps. 22: 8, and once again there is an attempt to mock at his divine claims. V. 44, (3) The third class of revil- ers consists of the two thieves who vere crucified on either side <£ Jesus. They were likely political prisoners, and are now punished in order to add to th» ignominy of the occasion. In Luke we have the story of the conver- sion of one of = two. He appeals to Jesus for forziveness and help, and Jesus replies with an answer which is full of tenderness and grace. In these three crosses we see. Punishment, Pen- itence and Perfect Love. : III. THE END, 45-50. V. 45. According to Mark the eruci- . Golden ng unto Jesus the auth.| Leaves Flint Points Los Angeles, Calif--Dr. James A. Museum, has announced the finding in Gypsum Cave, Nev. of a wealth of additional evidence that prehistoric man roamed the American continent probably at least 20,000 years or more '480. I" Last week, announcement was made that excavation of the cave had revealed campfire ashes, charcoal and burnt wood. Nine hundred artifacts, or prehis- toric objects made by man, Dr. Scherer reported had been recovered so far, mostly from beneath a layer of gypsum rock which took ages to form from overhead dripping. These include scores of broken atlatls, a long twogpicce dart which antedates the bow and arrow; many flint points similar to an arrowhead, for the atlatls, and a necklace of a type never Refore found"in American archaeologi- cal history ,made of joints of a centi- pede strung on fiber of a desert plant. These conclusive proofs of prehis- toric man's work, the museum direc- tor pointed out, were scattered among the remains of the extinct ground sloths, huge préhistoric mammals, and of extinct primitive horses, and of a small slender-limbed prehistoric camel, Canada Increases « Trade With U.S. Gain of $48,132,326 For 12 Months Shown by Statistics New York--Canada's total trade with the United States for the 12 months ending February 28, 1930, totalled $1,413,001,297, an increase of $48,132,326 more than the correspond: ing 12 months, Canada bought from the United States $869,194,933 worth of goods, or the equivalent of nearly $87 per head of population of the Do- minion, and in the same period sold to the United States goods to the value of $543,806,364. The largest Canadian purchases were iron and iron products valued at $296,864,956; motor vehicles hold second place, valued at $82,057, 232, and oils third, valued at $37,985, 714. The chief item of export from Can- ada was paper, valued at $129,707,037, of which newsprint alone accounted for $127,878,870. Metals were next, with a value of $113,169,162, of which copper and gold ore accounted for nearly $70,000,0000, Wood was third, worth $72,323,940. m------ [ES ~ \ a J Gabby Gertie "Whoeyer said 'There's safety in numbers' must have forgotten thir- teen," S-------- Many women now wear their wed- ding-rings on the third finger of the B. Scherer, director of the Southwest | 3181 An interesting feature of this polka- dotted crepe silk is the shawl collar that terminates in scarf end at left shoulder. It was a clever thought of the designer to detract from breadth. The hips are extremely flat. The circular skirt is beautifully shaped with rippling fulness at hem. Style No. 3131 ,can be had in sizes 16, 18 years, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 inches bust. It is very effective in sapphire blue crepe silk with eggshell vestee or black silk crepe with Vionnet pink ~estee, Black and white chiffon an1 Paquin red crepe de chine also chic. HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS Write your name and address plain- ly, giving number and size of such patterns as you want. Enclose 20¢ in stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap it carefully) for each number, and address your order to Wilson Pattern Service, 73 West Adelaide St., Toronto. Tail of Airship Delays Her Trip London -- Information has been given to parliament that examina- tion of the R-100 had revealed dam- age to the cover and the securing wires and tapes behind one of the power cars, as well as damage to the tail. The damage to the cover will be remedied by. inserting additional girders and new material will be used for the tail. This has to be specially manufactured and the flight to Cana- da will be postponed to the end of June or the beginning 'of July, Lincoln Records Show British Origin London.--Antiquarian research here has unearthed an interesting reminder of what is believed to be a link in the early history in England of Abraham Lincoln't family, A record collated by J. E. Ansell of the Society of Genealogists stows that one Abraham Lincoln was a holder of land in Norfolk in the early part of the eighteenth century, This record as published in The Times of May 29 tells how in 1726 Abraham Lincoln and Sara hig wife were joint venders with Isaac Lincoln and Edward Rush and Lydia his wife, of nine acres of land in the parishes of Garboldisham and Aldeby, Norfolk, to. one Sir Ed- right hand, instead of the left. fixion took place at the third hour mund Bacon, J radio. ferackles and roars during the hot | background. . Summér is no longer a bugaboo of Static, the demon radio list- eners have kmown ghae the first signal flashed through the ether, still hs, but its are grow- ing weaker. The dream of the radio engineer that it may be eliminated entirely has not been realized, but step by step it.has been driven into the . 'Thig year, in contrast to the past, radio listeners are not likely to let batteries run down and dust accu- mulate on the dials, because programs will remain up to the Winter stand: ard, and in the majority of cases re- celving equipment now in use will bring in entertainment without inter- ruption. A multitude of factors is responsi ble for year-round radio. Broadly they may be summed up in a phrase --improvement of transmitters and recelvers. Ten years ago, 500 watts were regarded as high power for a broadcaster: To-day 50,000 watts are considered as high powey. This multiplication of transmétting power has the same effect upon the old-style sets as upon the new, It 'increases the signal level over the noise level. The result is that, with any type of receiver, programs should be easily audible at all times at least fifty miles from a broadcaster. The majority of receiving sets are believed to be within this distance. Another improvement in reception brought about at the transmitting station is that in modulation. A greater proportion of the energy radi- ated is now modulated, which means that under modern radio engineering practice a greater proportion of the electrical energy that is used in broad- casting actually comes out of the loudspeaker in the form of voice or music, ' The radio engineer cannot claim a complete victory, because an electri-| cal storm directly overhead can still mangle even a strong program: but the day is past when almost any electrical disturbance can turn a pro- gram into what sounds like a major | artillery engagement, | Greater efficiency at the receiving end centres in two fields of develop- ment, shaper tuning and better tubes. The sharper the tuning, the narrower the wave length band upon which | static can effect a receiver, and the lower the volume of static. Improv-. ed tubes, notably the screen grid, | have helped to achieve finer tuning | These are by no means the only improvements. Others, such as vis- val tuning devices and a sensitivity control which automatically cuts down the volume of excessively loud signals, have come to the assistance of the radio distener. And now, with the increasing use of radio-phonograph combinations, even the most violent | thunder storm cannot rob listeners of Summer musical entertainment, Farm Housewives Remodel Kitchen Chicago.--In the farm kifchens a movement is under way which bids fair to revolutionize housekeeping methods. Led by extension service teachers working through the Ameri- can Farm Bureau Federation, cam- paigns are being conducted to discover ways in which the housewife can save time and energy. In New Hampshire the movement, it was said, is amounting almost to a revolution, as some of the farm house- wives are giving up their old kitchens altogether and moving their ranges and refrigerators into a part of the house which is better lighted and more conveniently located, Under the pro- cess of modernization, the old farm kitchen, used as kitchen, dining room and living room, is rapidly disappear- ing. eimai "Think of our fathers and we think of making good; think of our mothers and we think of being good," said Rabbi Jacob Katz recently. He might have added: "Think of our mothers and fathers together, and we think of making good in a good way." | his life on the sea, has had a small | Mr. Macedo has his own deep-root- Above photograph shows English aviatrix smiling. her trimuph over many hardships. Amy Johnson has just completed lone flight from Eng- land to AustraHa where she received congratulatory message from: the King. EISECEI, RS, Sailor Will Cross Atlantic in Skiff? Lishon.--A Portuguese sailor and fisherman, who has passed nearly all skiff constructed on a plan of his own in which he intends to attempt to cross the Atlantic, starting from Casa- blanca in North Africa and landing at New York. ed opinions, and disagrees with the assertion made in a book recently pub- lished by Alain 'Gerbault the French navigator who last year attempted to cross the Atlantic in a small boat. Ac- cording to the Frenchman the ideal boat for this crossing must be eight meters and 650 centimeters in length. "My skiff," says Mr. Macedo, "Is only six meters fifty long, but this constitutes no inferiority, Another essential difference is that while Mr. Ggrbault states that three tons of 1€ad are necessary to keep the boat balanced, I only carry a very small weight without in any way endanger- ing the stability of my skiff, owing to the very special shape of its hulk, which is a real innovation in sea craft construction. "If you steal, I don't care what, you will repent it some day.' nsense, didn't you ever steal a kiss? "Yes, and I married the girl, 100." -- It would be easier {o forgive a friend's success if he didn't try so Rural Education | In Ontario Yat] Should Agricultite Be Taught in 'Rural Public Schools? This question is not--"Do the rural people want agriculture taught in rural public schools?" Apparently they do not. But even a majority may be wrong. To this we all agree, when we happen to be in the minority, » Perhaps the best way to approach this subject will bé in the form of a debate, and first we will present the affirmative side of this resolution-- "Resolved, that Agriculture should be taught in the public schools of rural Ontario." The first point to be made is this: No occupation in Canada requires more intensive study than agriculture, Industrial workers can be trained in a few weeks to do certain limited me- chanical duties rapidly and efficiently, and for that service they are well paid --if the job lasts throughout the year. They can put in a bolt, connect a wire, place a gearing, paint a section of a car, in any one of these duties they are experts; but they are not real me- chanics. Farming can never be carried on In this manner. A good farmer must be an all-round man, He must know stock well enough to be able to buy it intelligently, feed it effectively, care for it so as to bring it to proper ma- turity and production, and sell it at the most profitable moment, He must know land, and learn the suitability of the soil for the various crops to be grown, He must know fertilizers and their fitness for his purpose. He must be acquainted with seed both pure and impure. He must learn how to prevent the growth of weeds, or eradi- cate them from the soil where they have gained a foothold. He must be familiar with pests, the damage they do, the manner in which they operate, and the simplest, cheapest and most efficient method for their destruction, Ife must be a carpenter, a blacksmith, a mechanic, and a good horseman, He must be active and industrious. Above all, he must be proud to do his work well, and produce crops and stock which are reliable, and which will do him credit. No farmer can learn all these things without training, either by reading, or school instruction; because new prob- lems are constantly arising, and new methods are constantly becoming necessary with the rapid increase of machinery and the rapid decrease of farm laborers, In advocating the teaching of agrl- culture in the public schools of rural! Ontario, it is not necessary that the subject be elaborately taught, - At first it would be well to centre it about two feaures of school work--the school These both give ample opportunity for garden, and the rural school * fair, correct teaching of such matters as: weed seed impurities, seed testing, im- proving poultry, making flower and vegetable beds, making a hotbed; and many other investigations that will naturally grow out of these studies, The negative side of the debate can be summed up under two heads--in- experience of the teacher, and lack of time for extra work during school hours. There is some foundation for com- plaint as to the inexperience of teach- and fgr some reason or reasons not yet defined very few teachers are taking any effective agricultural course; but all the stories regarding the ignorance of teachers in the mat- ter of farming gre not true, Indeed Some of the stories sédin to hava been made up merely to discredit the work of such teachers, If teacher and pupils have an honest desire to learn, they will not go far astray, There is ample Information at hand that is depend- able; but children must be taught to study it, 4 As to time, much of this work is done by successful teachers out of school hours, and the children enjoy it. Garden plots, well raised poultry, good calves, plump pigs, expert man- ual products--thees point to interest- ed students, and should be encouraged. Agriculture should be taught in the rural public schools, even if it be in the most elementary way. Intelligent interest in farming must be fostered. --Samuel Farmer, President of Cana- | hard to be modest about it. dian School Trustees' Assn. mame acne Mutt Prefers the Great Indoor . 'For Remembrance' : England now offers one of the cheap- est and most charming memorials that anyone could ask. , This is a tree, to be planted along one of Britain's new arterial roads. The Reads Beautilying Association has worked out a scheme by which a tree, specially grown in a nursery gar- den, will be planted in prepared soil of a suitable kind, and provided with a tree guard, with a specially inscribed tree tablet, This tablet bears the name of the organization, and has a space for the name or initials of the donor, and the date. The inclusive cost is two guineas. « Already, as a result of the activities of the association, a number of trees have been planted along the Kingston by-pass road, and dedicated to men who fell in the War, The planting of trees along other roads is now being planned, Only one thing can stop it --the hooliganism that, in some cases, is defacing the inscriptions and dame aging the trees. But one or two pro= secutions would probably have a salus tary effect in checking this wanton vandalism. . The movement can only be fully successful, however, if a sufficient number of individuals, or organiza tions, are prepared to plant one or more trees. But there is no lack of occasions which might be commems orated in this way. Royal, national, and international events might all be marked by the planting of trees, It is also suggested that private events, such as weddings and births, might be commemorated in the same way. Similarly, if you have a serious fll- ness, when you get better you might plant a tree to celebrate your recovs ery. Or, if a friend or relative dies, a tree would serve as his memorial. But it is not only trees in which the Roads Beautifying Association is ine terested. It has another scheme for the provision of seafs along the new roads. These seats are more expen. sive than the trees--one six feet long will cost $35 or perhaps more, and in- scriptions cut into the wood are charged for at about 50¢ a word, There are many people, however, who will think the extra cost well re- paid by the gratitude of the weary pe- destrians who will use the seats. In some cases the seats can be obtained in Empire timber, specially resistant to the effects of rain, ------ Dominion Parliament Approves Naval Treaty Ottawa.--Approval of the London Naval Treaty of 1930 has been given by the Dominion Parliament, In introducing the matter W, L. Mackenzie King, Prime Minister, be- stowed high praise on Col, J. L. Ral. ston, Minister of National Defense, who represented Canada at the con- ference. After giving a resume of the history of the conference, the latter described Canada's naval policy as "based on her needs, which are coastal protec. tion on the Atlantic and the Pacific and extending to a certain degree out At the conference, he said, Canada's position was to give a living example of a great trade nation that could give a substitute for armaments, Its navy consisted of only two destroy« ers in operation, two destroyers auths orized by Parliament to be built, and three mine ships. "We in Canada," he continued, 'should find substitutes when interna tional clouds gather; we should ap- peal to arbitration, not force; we &\ should instill into the people that there is some place to go in times of to sea." Frifeand. nat » 10 shing and hav. onets Shen disputes arlse" In his opinion the conference had been a great success, a marked advance to. ward world peace, -- en. Arabs to be Heard At League Enquiry? Geneva -- Houssein Bey, Grand Mufti of Palestine, arrived here re- cently to express the views of the Aras of Palestine on the eve of the extraordinary session of the League of Nations Mandates Commission wltie® opened June 3. At the forthcoming session of the Mandates Commission the report of a British mission of inquiry will ba pre. sented, and the Arabs desire to state their case, They claim a legislative assembly elected by proportional re- presentation, and a share in executive and judicial power, Complete cessa- tion of immigration into Palestine ig another Arab demand, which is forcas fully disputed In Jewish quarters, The British Government replies that "sweeping constitutional changes" d manded by the Arabs are "wholly ug acceptable since they would have rendered it impossible for His Math ty's Government to carry out its ol ligations under the mandate tt e-- Work On! By BETTY GOURRE Tired? Well, what of that? Didst fancy life was spent on beds of ease Fluttering rose bowers, scattered hy, the breeze gre Come! while yet it Is day, 5 Sluggard, arise! Go forth on thy w Lonely? Well, what of that} Sole must be lonely, 'tis not giveg to all ! To feel a heart responsive, rise and i 1 id tf its " BAAS ork onl i Ri 5 £8 ps TR SAA et A A AIRS Es ra a is Sn nr Ry hn a To